Influence of Molybdenum and Organic Sources of Copper and Sulfur on the Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Mineral Concentration, and Ceruloplasmin Activity in Lambs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and organic and inorganic sources of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) on the performance, carcass traits, and blood concentration of these minerals in lambs. Forty male non-castrated crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs (20 ± 1.2 kg of body weight and 90 ± 2 d of age) were randomly allocated into one of the ten following treatments: (T0) control, basal diet; (T1) Mo; (T2) inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T3) inorganic Cu and organic S; (T4) organic Cu and inorganic S; (T5) organic Cu and organic S; (T6) Mo plus inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T7) Mo plus inorganic Cu and organic S; (T8) Mo plus organic Cu and inorganic S; and (T9) Mo plus organic Cu and organic S. Regardless of the source, Mo, Cu, and S were added at levels of 10 mg, 10 mg, and 2000mg/kg DM, respectively. The mineral supplements (Mo, Cu, and S) were added into the total mixed ration (TMR) by mixing them apart with the mineral and vitamin premix and then put into the TMR. The animals were kept in individual pens and received a total mixed ration for 84 days. Body weight and blood sampling was performed every 28 days. All animals were slaughtered after 84 days, and carcass traits were evaluated. Although organic sources of Cu and S added to Mo supplementation had increased the ADG throughout the study, this effect did not reflect in the heavier final BW outcomes for this treatment. In addition, no effect of these treatments was observed on the carcass traits. The serum Cu concentration was higher for the T0 group compared to the other groups; otherwise, Mo reduced the serum Cu concentration compared to the other groups. Considering the interaction among the minerals and their sources at 84 d of study, organic sources of Cu and S treatment and Mo associated with inorganic sources of Cu plus organic S treatment had an increased serum Cu concentration compared to other groups. Regardless of time, organic sources of Cu and S increased serum S concentration. At 84 days after enrollment, serum Mo concentration was lower for the control group compared to the other groups. Further, Mo supplementation increased its blood concentration compared to the control group throughout the study. The control group had the highest ceruloplasmin activity compared to the other groups; otherwise, at 84 d of the study, either Mo or inorganic S supplementation reduced ceruloplasmin activity. Serum ceruloplasmin activity was higher when Cu supplementation, regardless of source, was associated with organic S. However, at d 84 of the study, inorganic Cu associated to organic S supplements increased serum ceruloplasmin activity. In this current study, it was not possible to identify a pattern in the variables studied, however, further studies are needed to confirm that organic sources of Cu and S interacted alone without a defined pattern.

Effect of different selenium sources and concentrations on glutathione peroxidase activity and cholesterol metabolism of beef cattle.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different Se sources and concentrations on glutathione forms and cholesterol metabolism in beef cattle. Sixty-three Nellore bulls (412 ± 19 kg body weight (BW); 24 mo old) were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement (63 pens; one animal/pen) with two Se sources (sodium selenite, ING and Se-yeast, ORG), three concentrations (0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg dry matter (DM)), and control treatment (without Se supplementation) fed for 90 d. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 28, 56, and 84. Muscle and liver samples were collected at harvest. Hepatic GSSG (P = 0.004), GSH/GSSG ratio (P = 0.030), and GSH-Px (P = 0.004) were affected by Se source × concentration interaction. Oxidized glutathione was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM, but at 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM the ING group was higher than ORG. The liver GSH-Px activity was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM. The GSH/GSSG ratio was the highest in animals fed 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM of ORG. Selenium liver concentration increased linearly with the supplemental Se concentration in the diet (y = 0.0583 + 0.4254x, R2 = 0.92, P < 0.0001), regardless of source. Total meat cholesterol was greater (P < 0.001) in CON (control) vs. SUP (supplemented, regardless source) group. The muscle GSH-Px activity was higher (P < 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased (P < 0.004) with increasing supplemental Se concentrations. There was an increase on very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, and triglycerides in ORG vs. ING (P ≤ 0.035). In general, serum Se was higher (P < 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased with increasing supplemental Se concentration. Lastly, the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) concentration was lower (P = 0.002) in SUP (0.39 ng/mL) vs. CON (0.55 ng/mL). Selenium supplementation with different sources and concentrations has the potential to affect cholesterol metabolism by affecting GSH/GSSG ratio, GSH-Px, and the HMGCR.

Increasing Selenium and Vitamin E in Dairy Cow Milk Improves the Quality of the Milk as Food for Children.

In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of milk biofortified with antioxidants on the health of children. Two experiments were conducted: experiment one evaluated the milk of 24 Jersey dairy cows (450 ± 25 kg of body weight (BW); 60 ± 30 days in milk dry matter intake (DIM)) given different diet treatments (CON = control diet; COANT = diet with vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; OIL = diet with sunflower oil; and OANT = diet with sunflower oil containing more vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants), and experiment two evaluated the effect of the milk produced in the first experiment on the health of children (CON = control diet; COANT = diet with vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; OIL = diet with sunflower oil; OANT = diet with sunflower oil containing more vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; and SM = skim milk). One hundred children (8 to 10 years old) were evaluated in the second experiment. Blood samples were collected at 0 days of milk intake and 28 and 84 days after the start of milk intake. The cows fed the COANT and OANT diets showed greater selenium and vitamin E concentrations in their milk (p = 0.001), and the children who consumed the milk from those cows had higher concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in their blood (p = 0.001). The platelet (p = 0.001) and lymphocyte (p = 0.001) concentrations were increased in the blood of the children that consumed milk from cows fed the OANT diet compared to those in the children that consumed SM (p = 0.001). The children who consumed milk from cows fed the OIL diet treatment had increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol in their blood at the end of the supplementation period compared to children who consumed SM. The results of this study demonstrate that the consumption of biofortified milk increases the blood concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in children, which may be beneficial to their health.

Effects of different sources and levels of copper on lipid metabolism in Merino × Texel lambs.

The study was conducted with 40 lambs Merino × Texel in order to determine the effects of 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM of copper sulphate and copper-methionine on the lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The lambs were randomly distributed into 5 treatments, with 8 animals each. The treatments were: control, without cooper additions; 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate; 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM in the form of copper-methionine. The hepatic concentration of copper was higher in lambs supplemented with copper. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum, as well as the SFTU did not differ between treatments. The supplementation of copper regardless of source or level reduced the concentration of cholesterol in the LT muscle, and reduced the concentration of GSH and increased the concentration of GSSG in the liver. Additionally, there was a minimal effect on the fatty acid profile of lipid in lambs.

Net requirements of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulphur for growth of non-descript breed hair lambs of different sex classes in the Brazilian semiarid conditions.

The aim of this study was to determine the net requirements of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S) for weight gain of non-descript breed hair lambs (NDBL) of different sex classes reared under Brazilian semiarid conditions. Sixty NDBL (20 intact males, 20 castrated males, and 20 females), with an average initial body weight of 18.1 ± 0.4 kg and average age of 5 months were used. The macromineral requirements were determined by the differences in body composition through comparative slaughter direct method. The animals were confined for 58 days, and the average fasting body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) of lambs fed ad libitum were 29.2 ± 0.6 and 0.19 ± 0.01 kg, respectively. The net requirements of macrominerals for gain of NDBL did not differ between sex classes (P > 0.05), and ranged from 1.83 to 1.46 g/day of Ca, 1.21 to 1.01 g/day of P, 37 to 30 mg/day of Mg, and 0.31 to 0.28 g/day of S, for lambs with an ADG of 0.200 kg and 15 or 30 kg of FBW, respectively (P < 0.05). The N to S net ratio reduced and increased, respectively, as the body weight and ADG increase. The net requirements of Ca, P, Mg, and S for gain of NDBL slaughtered young and at the same age did not differ between sex classes and decreased as the body weight increased. The net requirements for gain of Ca and P were similar to those recommended by NRC (2007).

Avaliação e acompanhamento nutricional em idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência / Assessment, evaluation and nutrition monitoring in older people living in a rest home

Idosos institucionalizados apresentam um risco aumentado de alteração do estado nutricional. Sendo assim, são necessários indicadores sensíveis para identificação da alteração do estado nutricional. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar indicadores para análise do estado nutricional de idosos institucionalizados, em um período de três meses, por meio de exames bioquímicos e antropométricos. Foram selecionados 81 voluntários, com 78 ± 10 anos, sendo 53% do sexo feminino. Os dados antropométricos evidenciaram que as variáveisíndice de massa corporal, peso, massa gorda e ângulo de fase dos idosos institucionalizados diminuíram em três meses com diferença significativa no período. Dentre todos os exames bioquímicos e antropométricos, as variáveis índice de massa corporal, peso, massa gorda, ângulo de fase e lipidograma foram os indicadores da avaliação nutricional que identificaram alterações precoces e riscos nutricionais dos idosos institucionalizados no período de três meses. Vale ressaltar que indicadores nutricionais avaliados precocemente podem evitar os riscos nutricionais de idosos institucionalizados.

Institutionalized elderly have an increased risk of changes in nutritional status, therefore sensitive parameters are necessary for the identification of changes in nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for analysis of the nutritional status of institutionalized elderly in a period of three months by means of biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Eighty one volunteers were selected, with 78 ± 10 years old and 53% female. Anthropometric data showed that the variables body mass index, weight, fat mass, and phase angle of the institutionalized elderly in three months decreased with significant difference between the assessments. Among all the biochemical and anthropometric measurements, body mass index, weight, fat mass, phase angle and blood fat were the indicators of nutritional assessment that identified early changes and nutritional risks of institutionalized elderly in three months. It is noteworthy that the early evaluation of nutritional indicators can prevent nutritional risk among elderly in living in rest homes.

[Assessment, evaluation and nutrition monitoring in older people living in a rest home]. / Avaliação e acompanhamento nutricional em idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência.

Institutionalized elderly have an increased risk of changes in nutritional status, therefore sensitive parameters are necessary for the identification of changes in nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for analysis of the nutritional status of institutionalized elderly in a period of three months by means of biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Eighty one volunteers were selected, with 78 ± 10 years old and 53% female. Anthropometric data showed that the variables body mass index, weight, fat mass, and phase angle of the institutionalized elderly in three months decreased with significant difference between the assessments. Among all the biochemical and anthropometric measurements, body mass index, weight, fat mass, phase angle and blood fat were the indicators of nutritional assessment that identified early changes and nutritional risks of institutionalized elderly in three months. It is noteworthy that the early evaluation of nutritional indicators can prevent nutritional risk among elderly in living in rest homes.

Effects of supplementation with two sources and two levels of copper on meat lipid oxidation, meat colour and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities in Nellore beef cattle.

In the present study, thirty-five Nellore bulls were used to determine the effects of two levels and two sources (organic and inorganic) of Cu supplementation on the oxidative stability of lipids, measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) test, meat colour and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities. The following treatments were used: (1) control (C) - basal diet without supplementation of Cu (7 mg Cu/kg DM); (2) I10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate (inorganic form); (3) I40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate; (4) O10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate (organic form); (5) O40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate. Lipid oxidation was determined in meat samples exposed to display, modified atmosphere (MA) and vacuum packaging (VC) conditions and in liver samples using the TBARS test. These samples were also evaluated for meat discolouration after exposure to air. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes were determined in liver samples. In display, MA and VC conditions, the TBARS values of samples from animals supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM were lower than those of samples from control animals. There was no effect of treatment on the colour variables (L*, a*, b*). There was also no significant effect of treatment on hepatic TBARS concentrations and GSH-Px activity. Supplementation with Cu at 40 mg/kg, regardless of the source, induced higher hepatic SOD activity compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, Cu supplementation improved the oxidative stability of lipids in samples exposed to display, MA and VC conditions, demonstrating the antioxidant effect of this mineral.

Effects of dietary selenium, sulphur and copper levels on selenium concentration in the serum and liver of lamb.

Thirty-two lambs were distributed in eight treatments under 2×2×2 factorial experiment to compare the effects of two levels of selenium (0.2 to 5 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), sulphur (0.25% and 0.37%) and copper (8 and 25 mg/kg DM) levels on selenium concentration in liver and serum of lambs. A liver biopsy was done on all animals and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein prior to the beginning of the treatments. The blood was sampled every thirty days and the liver was sampled after 90 days, at the slaughter. Increasing differences were noticed during the data collection period for the serum selenium concentration, and it was found to be 0.667 mg/L in animals fed with 5 mg Se/kg DM and normal sulphur and copper concentrations in their diet. However, a three-way interaction and a reduction of selenium concentration to 0.483 mg/L was verified when increasing copper and sulphur concentration levels to 25 ppm and 0.37% respectively. The liver selenium concentration was also high for diets containing higher selenium concentrations, but the antagonist effect with the increased copper and sulphur levels remained, due to interactions between these minerals. Therefore, for regions where selenium is scarce, increasing its concentration in animal diets can be an interesting option. For regions with higher levels of selenium, the antagonistic effect of interaction between these three minerals should be used by increasing copper and sulphur dietary concentrations, thus preventing possible selenium poisoning.

Effects of copper and selenium supplementation on performance and lipid metabolism in confined brangus bulls.

Twenty-eight Brangus cattle were used to determine the effect of copper and selenium supplementation on performance, feed efficiency, composition of fatty acids in Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, and cholesterol concentration in serum and in LD muscle and enzymes activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The treatments were: i) Control, without copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) supplementation; ii) Se, 2 mg Se/kg of dry matter such as sodium selenite; iii) Cu, 40 mg Cu/kg of dry matter such as copper sulfate; iv) Se/Cu, 2 mg Se/kg of dry matter such as sodium selenite and 40 mg Cu/kg of dry matter such as copper sulfate. LD muscle fatty acid composition was not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05). The serum concentration of cholesterol was not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05), however, the concentration of cholesterol in LD was lower in cattle supplemented with copper and selenium (p<0.05). Oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione increased (p<0.05) with Cu, Se and Se/Cu supplementation. The supplementation of copper (40 mg/kg DM) and selenium (2 mg/kg DM) altered the metabolism of lipids in confined Brangus cattle, through a decrease in cholesterol deposition in the LD, possibly by changing the ratio between reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione. Copper and selenium supplementation improved animal performance and feed efficiency (p<0.05) when compared to the control group, providing advantages in the production system, while also benefiting consumers by reducing cholesterol concentration in the meat.

Effect of supplementation of two sources and two levels of copper on lipid metabolism in Nellore beef cattle.

UNLABELLED: This study was conducted with 35 Nellore beef cattle to determine the effect of supplementation of two levels and two copper sources (organic and inorganic) on metabolism of lipids and cholesterol of meat. The five treatments used were: CONTROL: without copper supplementation, I10 or I40: 10 or 40 mg/kg DM (as Cu sulfate), O10 or O40: 10 or 40 mg/kg DM (as Cu proteinate). In general, the copper supplementation changed the fatty acid profile of meat (p<0.05), with a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and reduction of saturated fatty acids. There was no effect of supplementation on blood cholesterol and triglycerides, however; in general, there was a reduction in cholesterol concentration in the L. dorsi (p<0.05) compared to the control treatment through the reduction (p<0.05) in the concentrations of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. The Cu supplementation did have an influence on metabolism of lipids. The production of healthier meat is beneficial to public health by reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Contagem de células somáticas no leite de vacas suplementadas no pré-parto com selênio e vitamina E / Milk somatic cell count of selenium and vitamin E prepartum supplemented cows

O selênio e a vitamina E são antioxidantes importantes na defesa de células e tecidos e atuam diretamente na manutenção da saúde do úbere, influenciando a contagem de células somáticas, indicador no leite da mastite. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação do selênio e da vitamina E sobre a contagem de células somáticas no leite de vacas da raça holandesa, durante o período das águas. Oitenta animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: controle; suplementação com 2,5mg Se dia-1; suplementação com 1000 UI vit. E dia-1 e suplementação com 2,5mg Se + 1000 UI vit. E dia-1. A suplementação foi iniciada 30 dias antes da provável data de parição, prolongando-se até o parto. Amostras do volumoso e do concentrado foram colhidas, quinzenalmente, para análise bromatológica completa e levantamento dos níveis de selênio. O sangue foi colhido antes do início da suplementação, no parto, 30 e 60 dias após o parto, para determinação dos níveis de Se no soro sangüíneo das vacas. O leite foi colhido semanalmente para determinação da contagem de células somáticas (CCS). O período de colheita iniciou-se logo após o período colostral, prolongando-se até a décima segunda semana de lactação. Um mês após a suplementação, as vacas que receberam selênio apresentaram níveis séricos superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle. O selênio e a vitamina E não afetaram (P>0,05) a CCS nas doze primeiras semanas de lactação e não foi encontrado efeito de interação entre os dois elementos.

Selenium and vitamin E are important antioxidants for cells and tissues protection acting directly as a support for the udder health. This experiment was aimed at evaluating the influence of prepartum selenium and vitamin E supplementation on milk somatic cell counts of Holstein cows during summer period. Eighty animals were allocated into four treatments: control; supplementation with 2.5mg Se day-1; supplementation with 1000 UI vitamin E day-1 and supplementation with 2.5mg Se day-1 + 1000 UI vitamin E day-1. The supplementation started thirty days before the probable parturition date until parturition. Forage and concentrate samples were taken every fifteen days for chemical and selenium analyses. Blood samples were taken before starting supplementation, right after parturition, thirty and sixty days after it to determine the selenium serum levels. Milk samples were taken to determine somatic sell count (SCC). Selenium supplemented cows had higher serum selenium concentration compared with control group (P<0.05). The selenium and vitamin E did not decrease (P>0.05) SCC up to 12th week of lactation.

Balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta na composição do leite / Dietary cation anion balance on milk composition

Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em um quadrado latino (4x4), replicado, num experimento conduzido durante o verão, por um período de 72 dias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar quatro níveis de dietas catiônicas sobre a composição e as propriedades físico-químicas do leite em vacas após o pico de lactação. Para a manipulação do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD), foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de bicarbonato de sódio nas dietas, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq kg-1 MS. Não houve diferença significativa para as variáveis: porcentagem de gordura, densidade e índice crioscópico do leite. O pH do leite aumentou linearmente e a acidez apresentou resposta cúbica com o aumento do BCAD.

Eight lactating Holsteins cows were distributed in a 4x4 replicated Latin square in the summer for 72 days. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four levels of cationic diets on the composition and physic-chemistries parameters of milk in cows after the lactation peak. For dietary cation anion balance manipulation, different concentrations of the sodium bicarbonate were added in the diets and the following treatments were obtainned: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq kg-1 DM. The diets did not affect fat percentage and variables, density and crioscopic indice in the milk. Milk pH increased linearly and acidity decreased cubically with increased of dietary CAB.

Balanco cátion-aniônico da dieta no metabolismo de cálcio em ovinos / Dietary cation anion balance on calcium metabolism in sheep

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do balanco cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) no balanco e concentracão sérica de cálcio em ovinos da raca Santa Inês. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos para controlar o efeito do peso inicial dos animais. Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos com níveis crescentes de BCAD (-160, -40, 140, 250 e 500mEq/kg de matéria seca) com cinco repeticões em 25 animais. O BCAD influencia o metabolismo de cálcio em ovinos machos da raca Santa Inês. Com a diminuicão do BCAD o cálcio sérico aumentou. Dietas aniônicas aumentaram a excrecão urinária de cálcio, entretanto a retencão não foi afetada.

Contagem de células somáticas no leite de vacas suplementadas com selênio e vitamina E / Milk somatic cell count of selenium and vitamin E supplemented cows

O selênio e a vitamina E são antioxidantes importantes na defesa de células e tecidos e atuam diretamente na manutenção da saúde do úbere, influenciando a contagem de células somáticas, indicador da mastite. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do selênio e da vitamina E sobre a contagem de células somáticas no leite de vacas da raça holandesa, durante o período das águas. Oitenta animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: controle; suplementação com 2,5 mg Se/dia; suplementação com 1000 UI vit. E/dia e suplementação com 2,5 mg Se + 1000 UI vit. E/dia. A suplementação foi iniciada 30 dias antes da provável data de parição, prolongando-se até o parto. Amostras do volumoso e do concentrado foram colhidas, quinzenalmente, para análise bromatológica completa e levantamento dos níveis de selênio. O sangue foi colhido antes do início da suplementação, no parto, 30 e 60 dias após o parto, para determinação dos níveis de Se no soro sangüíneo das vacas. O leite foi colhido semanalmente, para determinação da contagem de células somáticas (CCS). O período de colheita iniciou-se logo após o período colostral, prolongando-se até a décima segunda semana de lactação. Um mês após a suplementação, as vacas que receberam selênio apresentaram níveis séricos superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle. O selênio e a vitamina E não afetaram (P>0,05) a CCS nas doze primeiras semanas de lactação e não foi encontrado efeito de interação entre os dois elementos.

Selenium and vitamin E are important antioxidants for cells and tissues protection acting directly as a support for the udder health. This experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of prepartum selenium and vitamin E supplementation on milk somatic cell counts of Holstein cows during summer period. Eighty animals were allocated into four treatments: control; supplementation with 2.5 mg Se/day; supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin E/day and supplementation with 2.5 mg Se/day + 1000 IU vitamin E/ day. The supplementation started thirty days prior to probable parturition date until parturition. Forage and concentrate samples were taken every fifteen days for chemical and selenium analyses. B1ood samples were taken before starting supplementation, right after parturition, thirty and sixty days after it to determine the selenium serum levels. Milk samples were taken to determine SCC. Selenium supplemented cows had higher serum selenium concentration compared with control group (P<0.05). The selenium and vitamin E do not decrease (P>0.05) see up to 12th week of lactation.