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Introduction: Patient safety is a central principle of healthcare professional practice that requires a significant consideration within the teaching curricula; however, there is a lack of special courses that focus on patient safety concepts in an integrated way in many countries. This study aims to assess the knowledge of medical and pharmacy students regarding patient safety concepts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Alfaisal University during the 2018-2019 school year. A survey consisting of 15 questions was designed with the help of the quality and patient safety department at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh (KFSHRC). The survey was validated and then electronically distributed to all students enrolled in the College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy. Results: A total of 304 (22%) of 1368 students completed the survey. The survey revealed that 51% of students had an acceptable understanding of the types of human error; however, 53% of students had little knowledge about the factors that lead to these errors and 61% did not know how to report an error. Many students (41%) reported being directly involved in an unsafe situation that may cause patient harm, such as a healthcare-related error, adverse event, or inconsistent care. Most students (90%) agreed that hiding errors to avoid further implications is unethical and reporting errors is the responsibility of every healthcare provider. Conclusion: Most Alfaisal University students understand the significance of patient safety education and understand the types of human errors, yet the causes of errors and the protocols for reporting them were not well understood by most students.
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Flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia is standard for the surveillance of bladder cancer. Frequently, several reusable cystoscopes fail to reprocess. With the new grasper incorporated single-use cystoscope for retrieval of ureteric stents, we explored the feasibility of using it off-label for diagnosis and the detection of bladder cancer. Consecutive diagnostic flexible cystoscopies between Mar 2016 and Nov 2018 were reviewed comparing the reusable versus the disposable cystoscopes. A total of 390 patients underwent 1211 cystoscopies. Median age was 61.5 years (SD 14.2, 18.8-91.4), males 331 (84.9%) and females 59 (15.1%). Indication for cystoscopy was prior malignancy in 1183 procedures (97.7%), haematuria 19 (1.6%) or bladder mass 7 (0.6%). There were 608 reusable and 603 disposable cystoscopies. There was no significant difference between groups at baseline in age, sex, BMI, smoking status, or prior tumor risk category. There was no significant difference in positive findings (123/608, 20.2% vs 111/603, 18.4%, p = 0.425) or cancer detection rates (95/608, 15.6% vs 88/603, 14.4%, p 0.574) among the two groups, respectively. We conclude that the disposable grasper integrated cystoscope is comparable to reusable cystoscope in the detection of bladder cancer.