[Psychological nursing contributes to the prognosis of the male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation].

Objective： To explore the effect of psychological nursing on the prognosis of male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation (UCI). METHODS: This study included 63 male patients with urethral straddle injury treated in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from February 2020 to March 2023. We divided the patients into a control (n = 29) and an experimental group (n = 34) according to the odd- or even-numbered days of admission and treated them by ureteroscopic UCI. Meanwhile those of the former group received routine nursing care and the latter underwent psychological nursing intervention in addition. We obtained the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the patients, recorded their postoperative pain scores, catheter-removal time, hospitalization days, postoperative complications and overall recovery status, and compared the data collected between the two groups. RESULTS: At 3 days after surgery, both the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control (SAS: 45.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.4 ± 3.6, P< 0.05; SDS: 41.9 ± 2.5 vs 48.3 ± 4.0, P< 0.05), and so were the pain scores at 24 hours (6.2 ± 0.6 vs 6.8 ± 0.9, P< 0.05), 48 hours (4.9 ± 0.7 vs 6.1 ± 0.8, P< 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.9, P< 0.05). The hospitalization time was remarkably shorter in the experimental than in the control group (ï¼»14.1 ± 2.9ï¼½ vs ï¼»16.1 ± 3.4ï¼½ d, P< 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the time of postoperative catheterization between the two groups of patients (ï¼»19.3 ± 3.7ï¼½ vs ï¼»19.6 ± 4.4ï¼½ d, P > 0.05). A 30-day postoperative follow-up found 2 cases of difficult urination in the control group but no complications in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopic UCI is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment method for male urethral riding injury, and psychological nursing helps not only shorten the time of catheterization and hospitalization but also avoid postoperative complications.

A novel anticaries agent, honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) dendrimer, for simultaneous long-term antibacterial treatment and remineralization of demineralized enamel.

OBJECTIVE: Existing agents to induce enamel self-repair and inhibit the progression of dental caries in the early stage have been proven to be inadequate and far from satisfactory. In this study, a honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (PAMH) was constructed to combat early caries lesions in enamel. METHODS: PAMH was prepared via a codissolution method. Computational simulation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of honokiol release. The cytotoxicity of PAMH was tested. The antibacterial effects of PAMH were tested by planktonic growth assays and biofilm formation inhibition assays. The remineralization effect of PAMH was examined via transverse microradiography and scanning electron microscopy after a pH cycling model. The in vivo anti-caries effect of PAMH was carried out in a rat model. RESULTS: Honokiol released from PAMH was slower but more durable in a cariogenic pH environment than in a neutral pH environment, which could be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. Under electrostatic action, P3 beads with the same charge repelled each other and extended outwards, resulting in the rapid expansion of the PAMAM dendrimer and accelerating the release of the drug. At a low pH of 5.5, the protonated P3 beads were not charged and the protonated P1 beads were positively charged. However, the electrostatic repulsive interaction between protonated P1 beads was restricted by the P3 beads in the outermost layer of the PAMAM dendrimer, so the swelling rate was relatively slow, resulting in the slow release of drug molecules in the acidic environment. The cytotoxicity demonstration and the biocompatibility experiment in animal study showed that PAMH is biologically safe. PAMH showed excellent enamel remineralizing ability after pH cycling and showed a long-term antibacterial effect in vitro. Meanwhile, PAMH showed long-term anticaries efficacy in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicated that PAMH had great potential to combat early caries lesions in enamel for future clinical application.

Computer Simulations on a pH-Responsive Anticancer Drug Delivery System Using Zwitterion-Grafted Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Unimolecular Micelles.

Unimolecular micelles have attracted wide attention in the field of drug delivery because of their thermodynamic stability and uniform size distribution. However, their drug loading/release mechanisms at the molecular level have been poorly understood. In this work, the stability and drug loading/release behaviors of unimolecular micelles formed using generation-5 polyamidoamine-graft-poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PAMAM(G5)-PCBMA) were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. In addition, the unimolecular micelles formed using generation-5 polyamidoamine-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (PAMAM(G5)-PEGMA) were used as a comparison. The simulation results showed that PAMAM(G5)-PCBMA can spontaneously form core-shell unimolecular micelles. The PAMAM(G5) dendrimer constitutes a hydrophobic core to load the doxorubicin (DOX), while the zwitterionic PCBMA serves as a protective shell to improve the stability of the unimolecular micelle. The DOX can be encapsulated into the cavity of PAMAM(G5) at the physiological pH 7.4. The drug loading efficiency and drug loading content showed some regularities with the increase in the drug concentration. At the acidic pH 5.0, the loaded DOX can be released gradually from the hydrophobic core. The comparison of DOX-loaded morphologies between the PAMAM(G5)-PCBMA system and PAMAM(G5)-PEGMA system showed that the former has better monodisperse stability. This work could offer theoretical guidance for the design and development of promising unimolecular micelles for drug delivery.