RP11­619L19.2 promotes colon cancer development by regulating the miR­1271­5p/CD164 axis.

Colon cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer­related mortality in China and western countries. Several studies have demonstrated that long non­coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer development. However, the function of lncRNA RP11­619L19.2 in colon cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern, function and underlying mechanism of action of RP11­619L19.2 in CC development and metastasis. RP11­619L19.2 was found to be highly expressed in CC tissues and cell lines, and it was associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of RP11­619L19.2 inhibited CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial­to­mesenchymal transition (EMT). It was also observed that RP11­619L19.2 was reciprocally repressed by miR­1271­5p. Of note, miR­1271­5p negatively regulated CD164 expression by directly targeting the 3'­untranslated region of CD164. Overexpression of CD164 reversed the antimetastatic activity of RP11­619L19.2 knockdown in CC cells. Mechanistically, it was demonstrated that lncRNA RP11­619L19.2 played an oncogenic role and promoted CC development and metastasis by regulating the miR­1271­5p/CD164 axis and EMT. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that RP11­619L19.2 regulates CD164 expression and EMT by sponging miR­1271­5p, which may provide novel targets for lncRNA­directed diagnosis and therapy for patients with CC.

Magnoflorine inhibits human gastric cancer progression by inducing autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by JNK activation regulated by ROS.

The antitumor effect of magnoflorine (Mag), an alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma, in gastric cancer (GC) cells has not been reported. In the study, Mag suppressed the proliferation of GC cells, but showed no influence on normal gastric cells. Mechanistically, Mag induced autophagy in GC cells, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of LC3B-II and increased autophagosome formation. Furthermore, we found that Mag-triggered autophagic cell death was regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced suppression of serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT) signaling. What's more, Mag treatment led to apoptosis in GC cells through enhancing cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP expressions. In addition, up-regulated expression of p27 and p21, as well as down-regulated expression of Cyclin-A and Cyclin-B1 was detected in Mag-treated GC cells, contributing to the S/G2 cell cycle arrest. Importantly, Mag incubation resulted in a significant increase in jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation but not p38 and ERK1/2, which was involved in the modulation of apoptosis and S/G2 phase arrest. Moreover, ROS production was highly induced by Mag treatment, and Mag-exhibited these functions was largely dependent on the generation of ROS in GC cells. Consistently, the GC cell xenograft mouse model confirmed the anti-tumor role of Mag in vivo. Collectively, these results indicated that Mag showed anti-GC effects, which could be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.

[Effects of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition on gut epithelial tight junction and barrier function in rats after surgical stress].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) on gut mucosal barrier function and intestinal epithelial tight junctions in rats after surgical stress. METHODS: Fifty SD rats with surgical trauma were randomly divided into three groups: total parenteral nutrition (TPN) group and enteral nutrition (EN) group with isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition and placebo group. Nutrients were administered via the neck vein and needle jejunostomy for the TPN group. The homogenated tissues of liver, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocations rates. The transmembrane binding proteins (occludin) were measured with immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure and morphology of intestinal epithelial tight junctions were observed by electron microscope. The feces in cecum were cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth analyses. RESULTS: The EN group had more lactobacteria and bifydobacteria than the TPN group, but not statistical significant. The EN group had greater expression of occludin in the intestines than the TPN group. Furthermore, the intestinal epithelial tight junction and microvilli of the EN group were more intact compared with those of the TPN group. The bacterial translocations rates of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly lower in the EN group than in the TPN group. CONCLUSION: Neither EN nor standard PN maintains intestinal membrane barriers. But EN increases the expression of transmember binding proteins, maintains the gut epithelial tight junction, improves intestinal mucosal barrier and reduces gut bacterial translocation.

[Influence of ecoimmunonutrition supplement on intestinal mucosa morphology and gut barrier function in rats after operative stress].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ecoimmunonutrition supplement on intestinal microecology, epithelial tight junctions, and barrier function in rats with surgical stress. METHODS: Seventy SD rats after surgical trauma were randomly divided into four groups:(1) placebo group,(2)total parenteral nutrition(TPN) group,(3)enteral nutrition(EN) group and (4)ecoimmunonutrition (EEN)group respectively. Rats received isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition. Nutrients were administered via the neck vein and the needle jejunostomy for five days. The homogenated tissues of liver, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocation rate. The transmembrane binding proteins(occludin) was measured by immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure and morphology of intestinal epithelial tight junctions in the intestine were observed by electron microscope. The feces in cecum was cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth and analysed. RESULTS: The amounts of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria in EEN group were significantly higher than those in TPN group(P<0.05). The expression levels of occludin in the intestine was significantly higher in EEN group than that in TPN and EN group. Furthermore, the intestinal epithelial tight junction and microvilli of EEN group were more intact compared with those of TPN group. The bacterial translocation rates of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly lower in EEN and EN group than those in TPN group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Application of ecoimmunonutrition can protect intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with operative stress, increase the expression of occludin, maintain the gut epithelial tight junction, and eliminate gut bacterial translocation.

[Clinical comparison on the classical versus extensive Whipple's resection for adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of extensive Whipple's resection to the adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas on the survival, complications, and surgical mortality. METHOD: Ninety three patients who received Whipple's surgery between January 1995 and March 2003 were divided into classical group (n = 51) and extensive group (n = 42). Their short-term outcome and survival rate were compared retrospectively. RESULTS: The postoperative complication rate and mortality in classical group and extensive group were 19.61%/3.92% and 16.67%/2.38%, respectively. And 1- and 2- year survival rates in classical group and extensive group were 58.82%/20.59% and 63.33%/23.33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative complications and mortality will not increase in extensive Whipple's resection for adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas. However, whether extensive Whipple's resection will improve long-term survival still requires further investigation.