Effects of Different Aerobic Exercises on Blood Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials.

With increasing age, dyslipidemia becomes a common health problem in the middle-aged and elderly population, posing a significant risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, is considered to be effective in improving blood lipid levels, but the extent to which different types of aerobic exercise affect blood lipids is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of 12 different aerobic exercises on total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and over through systematic review and Bayesian network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We systematically searched relevant databases and included eligible randomized controlled trials. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to compare the effects of 12 types of aerobic exercise on lipid levels. A total of 487 randomized controlled trials involving middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that all types of aerobic exercise could reduce blood lipid levels compared with no intervention in middle-aged and elderly people. In terms of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, swimming had the most significant effect. For HDL cholesterol, dance showed a better effect. Studies have shown that swimming and dancing have a positive effect on improving blood lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly people. It is recommended to choose the appropriate type of exercise according to personal preference and physical condition.

Effects of Practicing Closed- vs. Open-Skill Exercises on Executive Functions in Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Previous studies have identified discrepancies in improvements in executive functioning in typically developing children when comparing closed- and open-skill exercise interventions. However, there is limited research on executive functioning in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of closed- and open-skill exercises on ADHD populations. (2) Methods: The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed to search seven databases to evaluate and analyze studies published from 2013 to 2023. Prospero: CRD42023460452. (3) Results: A meta-analysis of 578 subjects with ADHD in 11 RCTs (Randomized control trial) and 3 NRS (Non-randomized studies) revealed that closed-skill exercise significantly improved executive function subdomains, including inhibitory control (standardized mean differences (SMD) = -1.00), cognitive flexibility (SMD = -1.33), and working memory (SMD = -0.85). Furthermore, open-skill exercise was found to have a positive effect on inhibitory control (SMD = -1.98) and cognitive flexibility (SMD = -0.97) in ADHD patients. Both types of exercise interventions demonstrated an improvement in executive function compared to controls, with open-skill exercises exhibiting superior effects (Qb = 6.26). (4) Conclusions: The review recommends a 12-week intervention cycle with exercise at least twice a week of moderate or higher intensity as suitable for ADHD individuals. This review also encourages individuals with ADHD to engage in exercises involving multiple motor skill types.

A single-center observational study on the expression of circulating interleukin-20 levels and predicting outcomes in human chronic heart failure: A 2-year follow-up cohort study: Higher IL-20 levels suggest poorer outcomes in CHF patients.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is closely related to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The relevance of IL-20 expression in human chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the level of circulating IL-20 in CHF patients and observed its correlation with CHF outcomes. METHODS: A cohort study was performed with CHF patients. Blood samples of 180 CHF patients and 167 control subjects were collected, and the plasma IL-20 level of each patient was determined. In addition, the endpoints of cardiovascular events among the CHF patients were evaluated prospectively. The maximum follow-up time of these CHF patients was 24 months, and the median follow-up time was 21 months. RESULTS: IL-20 levels were high in CHF patients and gradually increased in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II, the NYHA III and the NYHA IV groups. According to the low, middle and high tertiles of IL-20 levels, the CHF patients were respectively divided into groups 1, groups 2, and groups 3. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that the group 3 exhibited significantly higher cardiac event morbidity than the other two groups after adjustment for confounding factors. The CHF patients were also divided into two groups according to plasma IL-20 levels, and higher rates of cardiovascular events were observed in the group with higher IL-20 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating IL-20 levels are significantly elevated in CHF patients, and higher IL-20 levels suggest poorer outcomes in CHF patients.