The impact of dietary acid load on super-agers with exceptional cognitive abilities: a propensity score analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

OBJECTIVES: 'Super-agers,' individuals over 80 with memory abilities comparable to those 20-30 years younger. The relationship between super-agers and dietary acid load (DAL) is an area that warrants further investigation. We aim to examine the link between DAL and super-agers and assess DAL's effects on cognitive functions across different age groups and cognitive domains. DESIGN: Employing a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we utilized propensity score analysis and multivariate-adjusted regression to mitigate confounding factors. SETTING: Older adults aged 60 and above in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Our primary analysis encompassed 985 older adults, supplemented by a sensitivity analysis with 2,522 participants. MEASUREMENTS: DAL was assessed through potential renal acid load (PRAL), estimated net acid excretion (NAEes), and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) indices. RESULTS: Super-agers demonstrate a preference for alkaline diets, shown by their lower DAL indices. After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), multivariate-adjusted logistic regression reveals that each unit reduction in NAEes and PRAL increases the chances of being a super-ager by 3.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The DAL's impact on cognitive function becomes more pronounced with age. Lower PRAL and NAEes scores are significantly linked to higher situational memory and overall cognitive performance scores in those over 70, with these effects being even more pronounced in participants over 80. CONCLUSION: This research pioneers in demonstrating that super-agers prefer an alkaline diet, highlighting the potential role of alkaline diet in countering cognitive decline associated with aging.

Comparison of lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index with traditional obesity indices in early-onset type 2 diabetes prediction: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of two novel obesity indices, lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI), with traditional obesity indices in predicting early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 744 participants, including 605 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and 139 non-diabetic control subjects, were enrolled from a tertiary care hospital in Tianjin, China. Participants with T2DM were divided into two groups based on their age at diagnosis, namely early-onset T2DM (age less than 40 years, n = 154) and late-onset T2DM (age 40 years or older, n = 451). The predictive power of each obesity index was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the independent relationship between LAP and VAI with early-onset T2DM risk. The relationship between novel obesity indices and the age of T2DM onset was also evaluated through correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: In males, LAP had the highest predictive power for early-onset T2DM with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.742 (95% CI 0.684-0.799, P < 0.001). In females, VAI had the highest AUC for early-onset T2DM with a value of 0.748 (95% CI 0.657-0.839, P < 0.001), which was superior to traditional indices. Patients in the 4th quartile of LAP and VAI had 2.257 (95% CI 1.116-4.563, P = 0.023) and 4.705 (95% CI 2.132-10.384, P < 0.001) times higher risk of T2DM before age 40, compared to those in the 1st quartile, respectively. A tenfold increase in LAP was associated with a decrease in T2DM onset age of 12.862 years in males (ß = -12.862, P < 0.001) and 6.507 years in females (ß = -6.507, P = 0.013). A similar decrease in T2DM onset age was observed for each tenfold increase in VAI in both male (ß = -15.222, P < 0.001) and female (ß = -12.511, P < 0.001) participants. CONCLUSIONS: In young Chinese individuals, LAP and VAI are recommended over traditional obesity indices for improved prediction of early-onset T2DM risk.

Thalidomide in the Treatment of Sweet's Syndrome and Eosinophilic Folliculitis Associated With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.

Sweet's syndrome and eosinophilic folliculitis are aseptic inflammatory dermatitis mainly because of infiltrated neutrophils and eosinophils on skin, respectively. These diseases rarely overlap or coexist in the same patient, especially co-occur in HIV infected patient. Here, we report a rare case of an AIDS patient who developed eosinophilic folliculitis and Sweet's syndrome within 1 month of initial antiretroviral therapy, presumably due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The CD4+ T cell counts increased dramatically from 70 to 249 cells/µL within a period of 1 month. Interestingly, the patient was rapidly and strikingly responsive to thalidomide, which has anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis etc. Moreover, we focused our attention on discussing the clinical, pathological, and possible pathogenic aspects of the rare overlap of HIV complicated with neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatosis.