Correlation between controlled lung collapse and early lung injury in dogs.

A new type of pulmonary sequestration ventilator was used to compare the relationship between controlled lung collapse and early lung injury in thoracic surgery for dogs. Eighteen experimental dogs were randomly divided into three groups (G1-G3 groups). After general anesthesia, the shunt balance in lung was controlled and the pulmonary sequestration tube was placed in the femoral artery and vein, and the Swan-Ganz tube was placed into the right internal jugular vein as well. Two-lung ventilation (TLV) was first performed for 20 min, followed by one-lung ventilation (OLV). The degree of collapse was 100% (G1), 90% (G2), and 50% (G3). Blood samples were extracted from femoral artery and jugular vein prior to collapse (T0), and at 30 (T1), 60 (T2), and 120 (T3) min after collapse for blood gas analysis to determine the shunt ratio (Qs/Qt). Blood samples were also subjected to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular immune adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure and other physiological indicators were monitored during the experiment. Lung tissues were collected at T3 to calculate the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D). Histopathological changes were observed and compared by microscopic observation and blind scoring of pathological section after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. There were no significant differences in the physiological indexes between the two groups during TLV (P>0.05). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) in G2 and G3 groups was significantly more stable than that in G1 group after OLV (P<0.05); shunt ratio Qs/Qt, W/D, and serum TNF-α, ICAM-1 and IL-6 levels in the lung were decreased; and the degrees of pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were also decreased. There was no statistically significant difference in each index at each time-point between G2 and G3 groups (P>0.05). Compared with complete lung collapse (collapse degree: 100%), controlled lung collapse (collapse degree: 90% and 50%) can better reduce the intraoperative lung injury, but there was no significant difference between the collapse degrees of 90 and 50%.

Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies across the world. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the pathology. This study was to compare the lncRNA and mRNA of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles, their related biological functions, and pathways in lung cancer. METHODS: Human lung cancer mRNA expression datasets were searched and downloaded from NCBI-GEO. LncRNA expression profiles in lung cancer were detected by the Agilent Human LncRNA Microarray V3.0. Differential expression analysis was conducted between cases and controls in mRNA and lncRNA. The starBase web server v2.0 was used to decipher lncRNA-protein interactions. DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 was used to perform GO Biological Processes and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these dysregulated mRNA and lncRNA target genes. RESULTS: The study showed that differentially expressed lncRNA target genes included almost all of the differential expression genes from mRNA. Furthermore, these dysregulated lncRNAs reflected more comprehensive impairment in functional enrichment than dysregulated mRNAs. In addition, five top downregulated lncRNAs had more remarkable fold changes than top downregulated mRNAs, especially FENDRR. CONCLUSIONS: Amount of lncRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed in lung cancer. The degrees of difference in lncRNAs were more than mRNAs. It may provide valuable help for an effective strategy in diagnosis and prevention.

Heavy metals in the gold mine soil of the upstream area of a metropolitan drinking water source.

Pinggu District is adjacent to the county of Miyun, which contains the largest drinking water source of Beijing (Miyun Reservoir). The Wanzhuang gold field and tailing deposits are located in Pinggu, threatening Beijing's drinking water security. In this study, soil samples were collected from the surface of the mining area and the tailings piles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties, as well as heavy metal contents and particle size fraction to study the relationship between degree of pollution degree and particle size. Most metal concentrations in the gold mine soil samples exceeded the background levels in Beijing. The spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was the same, while that of Cr and Ni was relatively similar. Trace element concentrations increased in larger particles, decreased in the 50-74 µm size fraction, and were lowest in the <2 µm size fraction. Multivariate analysis showed that Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, while Cr, Ni, and Sc were of natural origin. The geo-accumulation index indicated serious Pb, As, and Cd pollution, but moderate to no Ni, Cr, and Hg pollution. The Tucker 3 model revealed three factors for particle fractions, metals, and samples. There were two factors in model A and three factors for both the metals and samples (models B and C, respectively). The potential ecological risk index shows that most of the study areas have very high potential ecological risk, a small portion has high potential ecological risk, and only a few sampling points on the perimeter have moderate ecological risk, with higher risk closer to the mining area.