RESUMO
Gene therapies, which include viral-vector gene delivery, genome editing, and genetically modified cell therapy, are innovative treatments with the potential to address the underlying genetic causes of disorders and to provide life-changing value in terms of curing disease. Although adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is one of the most advanced types of gene therapy, far fewer AAV-based gene therapy studies have been conducted in Asia than in North America and Europe. The 6th Asia Partnership Conference of Regenerative Medicine (APACRM) was held on April 20, 2023 in Tokyo, Japan. APACRM Working Group 3 comprehensively analyzed the regulatory processes that occur prior to the initiation of clinical trials as well as the regulatory requirements for AAV-based gene therapies for six Asian countries or regions (China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan). In this article, we report the outcomes of this conference, summarizing the regulatory requirements for initiating clinical trials for AAV-based gene therapies in terms of the laws, regulations, and guidelines for gene therapy; consultations or reviews required by the health authorities; points to consider for scientific reviews by the health authorities; and specific challenges to address when developing gene therapy products in these locations. Finally, we present several policy recommendations, including simplifying the regulatory review system for multiple scientific review areas; simplifying the regulatory consultation system; and providing training programs and regulatory guidance to support the advancement of gene therapy development in Asia.
RESUMO
We describe the structural optimization of a lead compound 1 that exhibits dual inhibitory activities against FLT3 and CDK4. A series of pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized, and SAR analysis, using cell-based assays, led to the discovery of 28 (AMG 925), a potent and orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of CDK4 and FLT3, including many FLT3 mutants reported to date. Compound 28 inhibits the proliferation of a panel of human tumor cell lines including Colo205 (Rb(+)) and U937 (FLT3(WT)) and induced cell death in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD)) and even in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD, D835Y)), which exhibits resistance to a number of FLT3 inhibitors currently under clinical development. At well-tolerated doses, compound 28 leads to significant growth inhibition of MOLM13 xenografts in nude mice, and the activity correlates with inhibition of STAT5 and Rb phosphorylation.
Assuntos
Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/síntese química , Naftiridinas/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Quinase 6 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células U937 , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genéticaRESUMO
The discovery that certain long chain fatty acids potentiate glucose stimulated insulin secretion through the previously orphan receptor GPR40 sparked interest in GPR40 agonists as potential antidiabetic agents. Optimization of a series of ß-substituted phenylpropanoic acids led to the identification of (S)-3-(4-((4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)methoxy)phenyl)hex-4-ynoic acid (AMG 837) as a potent GPR40 agonist with a superior pharmacokinetic profile and robust glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in rodents.
Assuntos
Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Compostos de Bifenilo/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Estrutura Molecular , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/deficiência , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
This review chronicles original literature dating back to 1992 outlining the applications of parallel synthesis and combinatorial chemistry to the synthesis of compound libraries focused towards specific superfamilies of molecular targets. Target families that have received significant literature coverage include kinases, proteases, nuclear hormone receptors and cell surface receptors, notably GPCRs.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
A total synthesis of the vancomycin aglycon 1 has eluded synthetic chemists for so many years that the preparation of this molecule has become a vendetta for some groups. Finally, and almost simultaneously, research teams led by Evans and by Nicolaou have succeeded. Similarities and differences in their synthetic approaches are highlighted herein.