Revealing the origin of dendritic deposition regulated solid electrolyte interphase enabled by cation receptor in Zn-ion batteries.

Aqueous Zn-metal batteries open up promising prospects for large-scale energy storage due to the advantages of ample components, cost-effectiveness, and safety features. However, the notorious dendritic development and unavoidable hydrogen evolution reaction of Zn have grown to be one of the main barriers inhibiting its further commercialization. Despite substantial studies, the mechanism of nucleation and deposition of Zn2+ ions on zinc layer surfaces remains elusive. Here, inspired by additive, the SnCl2 additive is introduced to initiate the in-situ formation of the ZnS-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Zn anode, which creates a protective "shielding effect" that hinders direct contact between water and the zinc surface, suppressing the random growth of Zn dendrites in the whole process. The mechanism of Zn nucleation was revealed by employing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, consecutive electron diffraction coupled with finite element method (FEM) simulations. Moreover, spontaneously formed 3D architecture consists of micorsized hemispherical Sn particles not only suppresses the Zn dendrite growth by reducing the local current density, but also enables the lateral growth of Zn crystals by increasing the average surface energy. Such an electrolyte enables a long cycle life of over 2000 h in the Zn||Zn cell. Importantly, the assembled Zn||MnVO full cells with SnCl2 electrolyte also delivers substantial capacity (171.1mA h g-1 at 1 A h g-1), presenting a promising application. These discoveries not only deepen the comprehension of fundamental scientific knowledge regarding the microscopic reaction mechanism of the Zn anode but also offer significant insights for optimizing performance.

Predictive Model for Cell Positioning during Periodic Lateral Migration in Spiral Microchannels.

The periodic lateral migration of submicrometer cells is the primary factor leading to low precision in a spiral microchannel during cell isolation. In this study, a mathematical predictive model (PM) is derived for the lateral position of cells during the periodic lateral migration process. We analyze the relationship of migration period, migration width, and starting point of lateral migration with microchannel structure and flow conditions and determine the empirical coefficients in PM. Results indicate that the aspect ratio of the microchannel and the Reynolds number (Re) are key factors that influence the periodicity of the cell lateral migration. The lateral migration width is jointly affected by Re, the cell blockage ratio, and the microchannel curvature radius. The inlet structure of the microchannel and the ratio of the cell sample to the sheath flow rate are critical parameters for regulating the initial position. Moreover, the structure of the pressure field at the inlet constrains the distribution range of the starting point of the lateral migration. Regardless of whether the particles/cells undergo 0.5, 1, or multiple lateral migration cycles, the lateral positions predicted by PM align well with the experimental observations, thus verifying the accuracy of PM. This research helps to elucidate the characteristics of periodic lateral migration of cells in spiral microchannels and can provide practical guidance for the development and optimization of miniature spiral microchannel chips for precise cell isolation.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS), an advancement of transcranial magnetic stimulation, was created to reach wider and possibly more profound regions of the brain. At present, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of dTMS in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OBJECTIVE: This study used a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dTMS for treating OCD. METHODS: Four randomized controlled trials were found by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 2024. The fixed effects meta-analysis model was used for the purpose of data merging in Stata17. The risk ratio (RR) value was used as the measure of effect size to compare response rates and dropout rates between active and sham dTMS. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included four randomized-controlled trials involving 252 patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Active dTMS showed a notably greater rate of response on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) in comparison to sham dTMS after treatment (Y-BOCS: RR = 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06 to 6.69) and at the one-month follow-up (Y-BOCS: RR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.26). Subgroup analysis revealed that active dTMS with H-coils was more effective than sham dTMS (RR = 3.57, 95%CI 1.93 to 6.60). No serious adverse events were documented in the studies that were included. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that dTMS demonstrates notable efficacy and safety in treating patients with treatment-resistant OCD compared to sham dTMS, with sustained effectiveness noted throughout the one-month post-treatment period.

Exponential or Unimodal Relationships Between Nighttime Ecosystem Respiration and Temperature at the Eddy Covariance Flux Tower Sites.

Ecosystem respiration is a key flux in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is affected substantially by temperature. This work analysed the time series data of nighttime net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEEnight) from 196 FLUXNET2015 sites to re-evaluate the relationships between NEEnight and temperature. A total of 93 sites (48%) were identified to have a unimodal relationship between NEEnight and temperature. Site-specific apparent optimum temperature parameters were then estimated at these sites. We further assessed the impacts of using exponential or unimodal equations on NEEnight predictions. The predicted NEEnight values at high temperatures were substantially higher from the exponential-type equations (mean: ~200%) than from the unimodal equation (mean: ~30%), compared to the observed NEEnight. This study calls for using a unimodal equation to predict NEEnight (often considered as nighttime ecosystem respiration, ERnight), which could substantially improve the accuracy and reduce uncertainty in ER estimates, in particular under the scenario of global warming.

Dorsal CA1 NECTIN3 Reduction Mediates Early-Life Stress-Induced Object Recognition Memory Deficits in Adolescent Female Mice.

Early-life stress (ES) leads to cognitive dysfunction in female adolescents, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Recent evidence suggests that the cell adhesion molecules NECTIN1 and NECTIN3 play a role in cognition and ES-related cognitive deficits in male rodents. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether and how nectins contribute to ES-induced cognitive dysfunction in female adolescents. Applying the well-established limited bedding and nesting material paradigm, we found that ES impairs recognition memory, suppresses prefrontal NECTIN1 and hippocampal NECTIN3 expression, and upregulates corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and its receptor 1 (Crhr1) mRNA levels in the hippocampus of adolescent female mice. Genetic experiments revealed that the reduction of dorsal CA1 (dCA1) NECTIN3 mediates ES-induced object recognition memory deficits, as knocking down dCA1 NECTIN3 impaired animals' performance in the novel object recognition task, while overexpression of dCA1 NECTIN3 successfully reversed the ES-induced deficits. Notably, prefrontal NECTIN1 knockdown did not result in significant cognitive impairments. Furthermore, acute systemic administration of antalarmin, a CRHR1 antagonist, upregulated hippocampal NECTIN3 levels and rescued object and spatial memory deficits in stressed mice. Our findings underscore the critical role of dCA1 NECTIN3 in mediating ES-induced object recognition memory deficits in adolescent female mice, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric disorders in women.

Integrating Umpolung and CO2 Shuttling Strategies for the Synthesis of 12C- and 13C-α-Ketoacids from Aldehydes.

The direct carboxylation of aldehydes with CO2 is rare due to the polarity mismatch between these two electrophilic substrates. To address this challenge, we propose a sequential approach for synthesizing α-ketoacids from commercially available aldehydes by integrating umpolung and CO2 shuttling strategies. This transition metal-free shuttle carboxylation method enables the transfer of CO2 from triphenylacetic acid potassium salt to thioacetal, eliminating the need for handling pressurized CO2 gas or using specialized equipment, while also enhancing the reaction's functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the use of stoichiometric or slightly excess amounts of triphenylacetic acid potassium salt as a formal CO2 donor makes it suitable for complete 13C labeling of α-ketoacids.

Effects of orthogonal dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted treatment combined with bioactive coating containing Melissa officinalis L. essential oil on changes in quality, lipid, and protein of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) during cold storage.

How to reduce the quality loss of aquatic products during storage is a topic worth exploring. This study proposed a method combining orthogonal dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted treatment (20 kHz vertically, 40 kHz horizontally, 400 W) with bioactive coating (Melissa officinalis L. essential oil-carboxymethyl chitosan-locust bean gum) and discussed the effects of this combined treatment on the quality, lipid, and protein of large yellow croaker during cold storage (4 °C). The results showed that both ultrasound-assisted treatment (US) and bioactive coating (CMCS) significantly inhibited microbial growth and quality deterioration in the fish, with the combined treatment group (US+CMCS) showing the best effect. The shelf life of large yellow croaker in the control group (CK) was 6 d, while the shelf life for US, CMCS, and US+CMCS treatments was 12 d, 12 d, and 18 d, respectively. Additionally, the combined treatment inhibited lipid oxidation and effectively delayed the oxidative degradation of protein in the large yellow croaker during cold storage. Therefore, the method of orthogonal dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted treatment (20 kHz vertically, 40 kHz horizontally, 400 W) combined with bioactive coating (Melissa officinalis L. essential oil-carboxymethyl chitosan-locust bean gum) proposed in this study was a promising approach for the preservation of aquatic products during storage.

Mobile Apps for Vaccination Services: Content Analysis and Quality Assessment.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination services are increasingly in demand by the public, and mobile apps are an effective tool to meet that demand. However, the characteristics and quality of these apps are unknown. OBJECTIVE: Commonly used vaccination service apps on the market were surveyed with regard to quality, service content, and user experience to evaluate and guide users. METHODS: The Qimai Data mobile app data analytics platform was used to search for common vaccination service apps by keyword, and the WeChat and Alipay platforms were searched for apps. The apps included in the study were independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale, and the service content and user experience of the apps were analyzed. The intragroup correlation coefficient between raters was used to measure interrater reliability. RESULTS: In the app stores of the four major Android platforms and the iOS app store, 1092 and 207 apps were found, respectively; 189 WeChat applets and 30 Alipay applets were also found. A total of 29 apps was ultimately included in this study according to the inclusion criteria, including 21 independent apps, 4 WeChat applets, and 4 Alipay applets. Significant differences were found between independent apps and applets in terms of the quality score (t449.57=-5.301; P<.001) and the subjective quality score (z=-4.753; P<.001). No significant differences were found between iOS and Android platforms in terms of the quality score (t1404=-2.55; P=.80) and the subjective quality score (z=-0.137; P=.89). There was good intragroup consistency among the raters. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, independent apps and nonindependent apps that rely on social and payment platforms for implementation were included in the vaccination services category. The overall quality of these apps was acceptable. Nonindependent running apps were found to have slightly lower scores and showed room for improvement, and scores for the participatory apps were found to be generally low overall.

Periodontal conditions and salivary microbiota are potential indicators to distinguish silicosis: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Silicosis has always been a serious global occupational health problem. Oral microbiota plays important roles in the development of lung disease. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal conditions, oral bacteria and silicosis disease. METHOD: A single-center and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in Sichuan Province, China, including a small sample of silicosis patient group and healthy control group. Demographic data and periodontal examinations measured by clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal pocket (PD) were collected from each participant. Phenotypic changes were detected by histopathological staining. Next-generation sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was targeted to decipher the salivary microbiome of the two groups. Random forest, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to find potential indicators to distinguish silicosis. RESULTS: In general, 29 male healthy controls and 24 male silicosis patients were included. The proportion of CAL ≥ 3 mm in silicosis group was greater than control group, while the proportion of BOP (+) and PD ≥ 4 mm was reduced in silicosis group. The α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression increased in gingiva of patients. The composition of salivary microbiota exhibited significant differences between the two groups, with silicosis patients demonstrating a lower diversity of salivary microbiota. Genus of Aggregatibacter [odds ratio (OR) = 0.000, p = 0.003] and Catonella (OR = 0.000, p = 0.049) were identified as biomarkers to distinguish silicosis. CONCLUSIONS: The silicosis group exhibited worse CAL, improved BOP and PD, which may be related to the gingival fibrosis found in this study. The composition of the oral microbiota underwent significant changes, accompanied by a decrease in diversity, in patients with silicosis. Our study indicates that respirable crystalline silica exposure affects oral health, and alterations of oral microbiota might be implicated in silicosis. We primarily identified Aggregatibacter and Catonella as the potential indicators to distinguish silicosis patients from healthy controls.

Single molecule measurements of microRNAs in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) were recognized as a promising source of diagnostic biomarker. Herein, we aim to evaluate the performance of an ultrasensitive method for detecting serum miRNAs using single molecule arrays (Simoa). Methods: In this study, candidate miRNAs were trained and tested by RT-qPCR in a cohort of PTB patients. Besides that, ultrasensitive serum miRNA detection were developed using the Single Molecule Array (Simoa) platform. In this ultra-sensitive sandwich assay, two target-specific LNA-modified oligonucleotide probes can be simply designed to be complementary to the half-sequence of the target miRNA respectively. We characterized its analytical performance and measured miRNAs in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals. Results: We identified a five signature including three upregulated (miR-101, miR-196b, miR-29a) and two downregulated (miR-320b, miR-99b) miRNAs for distinguishing PTB patients from HCs, and validated in our 104 PTB patients. On the basis of Simoa technology, we developed a novel, fully automated digital analyser, which can be used to directly detect miRNAs in serum samples without pre-amplification. We successfully detected miRNAs at femtomolar concentrations (with limits of detection [LODs] ranging from 0.449 to 1.889 fM). Simoa-determined serum miR-29a and miR-99b concentrations in patients with PTB ((median 6.06 fM [range 0.00-75.22]), (median 2.53 fM [range 0.00-24.95]), respectively) were significantly higher than those in HCs ((median 2.42 fM [range 0.00-28.64]) (P < 0.05), (median 0.54 fM [range 0.00-9.12] (P < 0.0001), respectively). Serum levels of miR-320b were significantly reduced in patients with PTB (median 2.11 fM [range 0.00-39.30]) compared with those in the HCs (median 4.76 fM [range 0.00-25.10]) (P < 0.001). A combination of three miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-99b, and miR-320b) exhibited a good capacity to distinguish PTB from HCs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818 (sensitivity: 83.9%; specificity: 79.7%). Conclusions: This study benchmarks the role of Simoa as a promising tool for monitoring miRNAs in serum and offers considerable potential as a non-invasive platform for the early diagnosis of PTB.

[Accurate repair of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects with ulnar artery flap].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the clinical application of ulnar artery flap in the repair of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Methods: The clinical data of 12 patients with oral and maxillofacial defects repaired with ulnar artery flap between June 2021 and July 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 11 cases were male and 1 case was female; their ages ranged from 28 to 76 years, with a mean age of 54.8 years. The lesions were located in the lateral margin of the tongue in 3 cases, the root of the tongue in 2 cases, the base of the tongue in 4 cases, and the buccal region, upper gingiva, and lower lip in 1 case each. The pathological types were squamous cell carcinoma in 11 cases and adenoid cystic carcinoma in 1 case; according to the TNM staging of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), there were 5 cases of T 3N 0M 0, 2 cases of T 3N 1M 0, 1 case of T 4aN 0M 0, 1 case of T 4aN 1M 0, 1 case of T 4aN 2bM 0, and 2 cases of T 4aN 2cM 0. After complete resection of the lesion, the defect ranged from 6 cm×3 cm to 8 cm×5 cm. Preoperatively, colour Doppler ultrasound was used to detect the non-dominant forearm, measure the thickness of the subcutaneous fat in the donor area, confirm and mark the ulnar artery and reflux vein, and measure the diameter of the vessels, flow velocity, and the perforator position; intraoperatively, the flap was designed, prepared, anastomosed, and positioned according to the corresponding data. The vessels were all anastommosed with one artery and two veins to form a super-reflux. After complete hemostasis, the defects were repaired with sliding flap (2 cases), direct suture (4 cases), biomembrane (2 cases), or razor thin skin graft (4 cases). Results: No vascular crisis occurred after operation, and all the flaps survived in 12 cases. Wounds in the donor site healed by first intention in 10 cases and by second intention in 2 cases. Wounds in the recipient site healed by first intention in all cases. All 12 patients were followed up 5-18 months, with an average of 11.4 months. The colour and texture of the flap were normal. The function of hand and upper limb was evaluated according to the trial standard of upper limb function assessment of the Chinese Society of Hand Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association, and the score was 65-81 (mean, 71.3), and achieved excellent in 1 case and good in 11 cases. The score of Oral Health Impact Scale (OHIP) was 9-18, with an average of 14.2, and the oral function was satisfactory. During the follow-up, 1 case had local recurrence and underwent extended resection again, while the other patients had no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: For moderate soft tissue defects with complex oral and maxillofacial function, ulnar artery flap repair is effective.

Efficacy of a real-time intelligent quality-control system for the detection of early upper gastrointestinal neoplasms: a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) quality and identification of the early upper gastrointestinal (UGI) neoplasm play an important role in detecting the UGI neoplasm. However, the optimal method for quality control in daily OGD procedures is currently lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a real-time intelligent quality-control system (IQCS), which combines OGD quality control with lesion detection of early UGI neoplasms. Methods: We performed a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial at 6 hospitals in China. Patients aged 40-80 years old who underwent painless OGD were screened for enrolment in this study. Patients with a history of advanced UGI cancer, stenosis, or obstruction in UGI tract were excluded. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the routine or IQCS group to undergo standard OGD examination and OGD examination aided by IQCS, respectively. Patients were masked to the randomisation status. The primary outcome was the detection of early UGI neoplasms. All analyses were done on a per-protocol basis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04720924. Findings: Between January 16, 2021 and December 23, 2022, 1840 patients were randomised (IQCS group: 919, routine group: 921). The full analysis set consisted of 914 in the IQCS group and 915 in the routine group. The early UGI neoplasms detection rate in the IQCS group (6.1%, 56/914) was significantly higher than in the routine group (2.3%, 21/915; P = 0.0001). The IQCS group had fewer blind spots (2.3 vs. 6.2, P < 0.0001). The IQCS group had higher stomach cleanliness on cardia or fundus (99.5% vs. 87.9%, P < 0.0001), body (98.9% vs. 88.0%, P < 0.0001), angulus (99.8% vs. 88.4%, P < 0.0001) and antrum or pylorus (100.0% vs. 87.4%, P < 0.0001). The inspection time (576.2 vs. 574.5s, P = 0.91) and biopsy rate (57.2% vs. 56.6%, P = 0.83) were not different between the groups. The early UGI neoplasms detection rate in the IQCS group increased in both non-academic centres (RR = 3.319, 95% CI 1.277-9.176; P = 0.0094) and academic centres (RR = 2.416, 95% CI 1.301-4.568; P = 0.0034). The same improvements were observed for both less-experienced endoscopists (RR = 2.650, 95% CI 1.330-5.410; P = 0.0034) and experienced endoscopists (RR = 2.710, 95% CI 1.226-6.205; P = 0.010). No adverse events or serious adverse events were reported in the two groups. Interpretation: The IQCS improved the OGD quality and increased early UGI neoplasm detection in different hospital types and endoscopist experiences. IQCS could play an important role in primary basic hospitals and non-expert endoscopists to improve the diagnostic accuracy of early UGI neoplasms. The effectiveness of IQCS in real-world clinical settings needs a larger population validation. Funding: Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China (Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project), National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, the National Key Research and Development Program of China, and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation.

Efficacy and safety of berberine plus 5-ASA for ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of berberine(BBR) plus 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including Medline/PubMed, Sinomed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, through January 2024 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered BBR conjunction in standard therapy(5-ASA) for to support the treatment of UC. The data were synthesized using a meta-analysis approach with RevMan 5.4.1. The primary endpoint was the clinical efficacy rate. In contrast, the secondary endpoints included the Baron score, disease activity index (DAI) score, symptom relief latency, inflammatory markers, immunological indicators, and adverse events. RESULTS: In this analysis, 10 RCTs comprising 952 patients with UC were examined. BBR considerably improved the clinical efficacy rate (RR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.15, 1.30], P < 0.00001), attenuated the Baron score (SMD = -1.72, 95% CI [-2.30, -1.13], P < 0.00001) and reduced the DAI score (SMD = -2.93, 95% CI [-4.42, -1.43], P < 0.00001). Additionally, it ameliorated clinical symptoms (SMD = -2.74, 95% CI [-3.45, 2.02], P < 0.00001), diminished inflammatory responses (SMD = -1.59, 95% CI [-2.14, 1.04], P < 0.00001), and modulated immune reactions (SMD = 1.06,95% CI [0.24,1.87], P <0.00001). Nonetheless, the impact of BBR on reducing adverse reactions was not statistically significant (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.42, 1.33], P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: BBR demonstrates substantial efficacy in treating UC without causing severe adverse reactions and may serve as a viable complementary therapy. However, its clinical application warrants confirmation by additional high-quality, low-bias RCTs.

Designing neighboring-site activation of single atom via tunnel ions for boosting acidic oxygen evolution.

Realizing an efficient turnover frequency in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction by modifying the reaction configuration is crucial in designing high-performance single-atom catalysts. Here, we report a "single atom-double site" concept, which involves an activatable inert manganese atom redox chemistry in a single-atom Ru-Mn dual-site platform with tunnel Ni ions as the trigger. In contrast to conventional single-atom catalysts, the proposed configuration allows direct intramolecular oxygen coupling driven by the Ni ions intercalation effect, bypassing the secondary deprotonation step instead of the kinetically sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism. The strong bonding of Ni ions activates the inert manganese terminal groups and inhibits the cross-site disproportionation process inherent in the Mn scaffolding, which is crucial to ensure the dual-site platform. As a result, the single-atom Ru-Ni-Mn octahedral molecular sieves catalyst delivers a low overpotential, adequate mass activity and good stability.

Isolation, Identification and Antibacterial Characteristics of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus YT.

Pathogenic microorganisms have been detected in fermented food. Combining the enormous class of the pathogens and their continuously appearing mutants or novel species, it is important to select suitable and safe antibacterial agents for fermented food safety. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which produce diverse imperative antimicrobial metabolites have an immense number of applications in the food industry. Here, the human-derived strain YT was isolated due to its cell-free supernatant (CFS-YT) and cells (Cs-YT), respectively performed obvious inhibitory ring to Gram-positive and -negative spoilage bacteria. Strain YT was identified as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus by the 16s rDNA sequence and morphology. The antibacterial activity of CFS-YT was demonstrated to be growth-dependent, pHs-sensitive, broadly thermostable and enzyme-insensitive. Cs-YT displayed a broad antibacterial spectrum with the action mode of bacteriostasis. The antibacterial activity of Cs-YT was due to substances located at the cell surface which were sensitive to heat, stable at broad pH gradients and sensitive to specific enzymes. These data suggested that L. rhamnosus YT could be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent in fermented food biopreservation.

[Main nutrients content in different specifications of Gastrodiae Rhizoma].

Gastrodiae Rhizoma is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and was newly approved as a catalogue species of medicinal and food homologous substances in 2023. The consumption of Gastrodiae Rhizoma as a food has been increasing year by year, and its nutrients content has become a public concern. However, there is a lack of systematic research on its nutrients content. Gastrodiae Rhizoma is widely distributed and exhibits various specifications. The quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma varies among different varieties, origins, and grades. In this paper, 76 batches of samples were selected, involving 2 varieties(G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. qlauca), 6 origins(Anhui, Shaanxi, Hubei, Yunnan, Henan and Northeast China) and 5 grades(special grade, first grade, second grade, third grade, and fourth grade). The content of main nutrients of the above samples was determined and analyzed to explore the differences in the content of different specifications of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. The results show that Gastrodiae Rhizoma is rich in a variety of nutrients, including protein, fat, starch, crude fiber, total saponins, moisture, polysaccharides, mineral elements, amino acids, and volatile oils. The total mass of volatile oils reached about 96.00%. The percentages of starch, moisture and polysaccharides werethe highest, accounting for 64.52%, 10.45%, and 8.32%, respectively. There were also differences in nutrient content among different specifications, especially the polysaccharide content of different varieties. Therefore, the research direction of Gastrodiae Rhizoma medicinal and food homologous products can be inclined to the development of meal replacement staple food or polysaccharide functional food. This study provides a reference for the research of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in the field of medicinal and food homologous products.

[Review and prospects of pesticide use and residues in cultivation of medicinal and food homologous substances].

As people's living standards and awareness of health care are increasing in recent years, the demand for the medicinal and food homologous substances is rising. Promoting the healthy development of this industry to meet people's growing demand and popularizing the TCM concept of preventive treatment of diseases are essential for building a healthy China. The abuse of pesticides by some growers in the one-sided pursuit of economic benefits causes serious pesticide residue, which affects the safety and effectiveness of the medicinal and food homologous substances. Since pesticide residues has received increasing attention, the reasonable control of pesticide residues becomes an important part of the research on these herbs, which, however, is rarely studied. This paper reviewed the publications involving pesticide residues in the cultivation of medicinal and food homologous substances that were published in the last two decades, and put forward the problems faced by the cultivation. According to the current situation of this industry, this paper proposed the management suggestions for the control of pesticide residues in the cultivation. This review will provide the government with data and references for formulating relevant policies and standards to promote the high-quality development of the industry of medicinal and food homologous substances and guarantee the development of TCM and the building of a healthy China.

Conformation-Confined Organic Butterfly-Molecule with High Photoluminescence Efficiency, Deep-Blue Amplified Spontaneous Emission, and Unique Piezochromic Luminescence.

Organic fluorophores with tunable π-conjugated paths have attracted considerable attention owing to their diverse properties and promising applications. Herein, we present a tailored butterfly-like molecule, 2,2'-(2,5-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,4-phenylene)dinaphthalene (BDVPN), which exhibits diverse photophysical features in its two polymorphs. The BP phase crystal, with its "aligned wings" conformation, possesses emissive characteristics that are nearly identical to those in dilute solutions. In contrast, the BN phase crystal, which adopts an "orthogonal wings" conformation, exhibits an unusual hypsochromic-shifted emission compared to its dilute solution counterparts. This intriguing hypsochromic-shifted emission originates from the reduction in the effective conjugated length of the molecular skeleton. Notably, BN phase crystals also exhibit exceptional optical performance, featuring high-efficiency emission (76.6 %), low-loss optical waveguides (0.571 dB mm-1), deep-blue amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM: 6.4 nm), and a unique 200 nm bathochromic shift of piezochromic luminescence.

A Profile of Drug-Resistant Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Guangdong Province, China.

Guangdong Province, China's largest economy, has a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). At present, there are few reports on the distribution, transmission and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains in this region. In this study, we performed minimum inhibitory concentration testing for 14 anti-TB drugs and whole-genome sequencing of 713 clinical Mtb isolates from 20,662 sputum culture-positive tuberculosis patients registered at 31 tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance sites covering 20 cities in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2018. Moreover, we evaluated genome-wide associations between mutations and drug resistance, and further investigated the differences in the MICs of mutations. The epidemiology, drug-resistant phenotypes and whole genome sequencing data of 713 clinical Mtb isolates were analyzed, revealing the lineage distribution and drug-resistant gene profiles in Guangdong Province. WGS combined with quantitative MIC measurements identified several novel loci associated with resistance, of which 16 loci were found to be related to resistance to more than one drug. This study analyzed the lineage distribution, prevalence characteristics and resistance-corresponding gene profiles of Mtb isolates in Guangdong province, and provided a theoretical basis for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control policy in the province. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01236-3.

Design and Implementation of a Generalized Safety Fault Diagnosis System for China Space Station Scientific Experimental Rack.

As astronauts stay in the China Space Station for a long time during the operation phase, how to ensure the long-term safety of the scientific experimental rack (SER) in the field of space application is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Each SER in the field of space station applications is a complex system that faces risks from different hazards. At present, there is no generalized monitoring and diagnosis system for the common risks faced by the SER. In this paper, a generalized safety fault diagnosis system is proposed to ensure the long-term safe and stable work of SERs in orbit, considering the actual risks faced by the SER. With the design of a generalized main control board, a measurement and control board, and an SSPC (solid-state power controller) board, the software and hardware cooperate to realize the acquisition of various physical quantities, data processing, power supply and distribution management, and other functions. Combined with relevant fault detection algorithms, the real-time detection and diagnosis of the relevant risks, abnormality warnings, and fault disposal operations are realized, which can effectively ensure the safety of the payloads in the field of space application, astronauts, and the space-station system.