Diagnoses and Treatment of Acquired Undescended Testes: A Review.

Acquired undescended testes were once considered a sporadic disease. In recent years, reports suggest that they are not uncommon, with an incidence rate about 3 times that of congenital undescended testes. The etiology of acquired undescended testes remains inconclusive, clinical diagnostic standards are unclear, and treatment approaches are still controversial. There is ongoing debate about the mechanism of testicular ascent. The prevailing view is that acquired undescended testes occur due to the partial absorption of the gubernaculum, which forms part of the parietal peritoneum. The residual gubernacular fibers continuously pull on the spermatic cord, preventing the spermatic cord from elongating proportionately to somatic growth, leading to a re-ascent of the testis. Acquired undescended testes may increase the risk of testicular cancer, but this is still debated. The preferred treatment method is also controversial. However, surgical fixation has an immediate effect; no studies have proven that early surgery improves fertility in patients. The etiology of acquired undescended testes is closely related to the continuous pull of the residual gubernacular fibers on the spermatic cord, which prevents the cord from extending proportionately to body growth. There are no clear diagnostic standards for acquired undescended testes yet, and spontaneous descent is possible, so testicular fixation surgery may not be the preferred treatment method.

Testicular ectopia: A case report.

This paper mainly describes three cases of children with ectopic testis, of which two patients with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) and one with perineal ectopic testis (PET). All patients who underwent orchidopexy at the same pediatric surgical unit in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (Jining, China) between June 2010 and February 2021 were retrospectively evaluated (age range, 14-34 months). A total of two patients (67%) was admitted with asymptomatic unilateral inguinal masses and the contralateral testis missing; the first patient was diagnosed with TTE intraoperatively, whereas the other patient was diagnosed with TTE through physical examination and ultrasound preoperatively. The third patient (33%) was admitted with the right testis missing and a left perineal mass, which was confirmed using PET by physical and ultrasound examination before the operation. The first two patients underwent transseptal orchidopexy, whereas the third patient underwent simple orchidopexy. Postoperative complications were not observed (follow-up, 10-24 months). The low incidence and poor understanding of ectopic testis compels us to report our findings and further discuss this particular disease of testicular ectopia, including its pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment options.

Clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery concept in laparoscopic treatment of pediatric acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: This study assesses whether enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is beneficial in treating acute appendicitis in pediatrics by laparoscopic techniques. METHOD: The children with acute appendicitis (n = 116) were divided into the ERAS group (n = 54) and the control group (n = 62). Then the preoperative data, intraoperative observation indexes, and postoperative data were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative data and intraoperative observation indexes between the two groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group 3 days after the operation. Moreover, no significant difference in the visual analog score (VAS) between the two groups 3 days after the operation, but the other postoperative observation indexes in the ERAS group were significantly better than those in the control group. Nausea and vomiting in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with no significant difference in other complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: ERAS could improve children's comfort, reduce some postoperative complications, reduce hospitalization expenses, and speed up recovery from acute appendicitis treated by laparoscopy. Therefore, it has clinical application value.

Extent of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout in nursing: A meta-analysis.

AIMS: A meta-analysis was conducted of the prevalence rates of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout to identify the factors influencing these rates. BACKGROUND: The extents of compassion fatigue and burnout adversely affect nursing efficiency. However, the reported prevalence rates vary considerably. METHODS: Data were acquired from electronic databases. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates of the prevalence rates of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout and their respective instrumental scores. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing these rates. RESULTS: Data from 21 studies were used for the meta-analysis. The prevalence rates of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout were 47.55%, 52.55% and 51.98%, respectively. The possession of Bachelor's or Master's degrees by the nurses was significantly inversely associated with the percent prevalence of compassion fatigue (coefficient: -1.187) and burnout (coefficient: -0.810). The compassion fatigue score was also significantly inversely associated with nursing status as registered or licensed practical nurse (coefficient: -0.135). CONCLUSION: In nursing, the prevalence rates of compassion fatigue and burnout are high. Better education and training may have a moderating effect on compassion fatigue and burnout and could improve the quality of life of nurses.

[A brief report on effect of rhG-CSF in treating leukopenia after radio-and chemo-therapy of patients with breast cancer].

The study was to observe the effect of rhG-CSF (lishengsu) in treating leukopenia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. 100 cases of breast cancer received modified radical mastectomy were randomized into two groups with the same treatment of one cycle chemotherapy using the protocol of CAF at two weeks after the operations and then radiotherapy. The patients in treated group received rhG-CSF 75 micro g per day s.c. for 5 - 7 days constantly, and additional 3 - 5 days according to leukopenia during radiotherapy. The patients in control group did not receive rhG-CSF during the chemo- and radio-therapy. The results shows that nadir of WBC and neutrophil counts in the treated group was higher than that in control significantly. In conclusion, effect of lishengsu on leucopenia in process of chemotherapy and radiotherapy shows definite therapeutic effect, the side effects are not remarkable.