The magic of algae-based biochar: advantages, preparation, and applications.

Compared with other biomass sources, the use of algae as a raw material to prepare biochar (BC) has important advantages including safety, high yield and economy. The protein content of algae cells is as high as 3.2 mg DCW/L, and the graphitic-N and N-O functional groups generated by the pyrolysis of proteins could effectively activate free radicals. Combined with the generated pore structure, the electron transfer/exchange capability was enhanced, which is conducive to improving its catalytic performance. Algae as a natural N source, the manuscript analyzed the surface properties and physicochemical properties of algae-based BC, and investigated its degradation effect on organic/inorganic pollutants in wastewater. Subsequently, the effect of nitrogen-doped BC on the adsorption/catalysis capacity was discussed. Finally, the directed preparation of algae-based BC applied in different scenarios was summarized. Algae-based BC has the property of N doping, which broadens its application efficiency in the environmental field. Overall, this manuscript reviews how to achieve efficient utilization of algae-based BC in wastewater.

Toxin type and domain sequence affect accumulation of recombinant immunotoxins.Transient expression in plant cell packs and intact plants correlates well.IC50 values of toxicity correlate with the cell surface receptor concentration.

Effect of Graphene Oxide on Aging Properties of Polyurethane-SBS Modified Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture.

In order to clarify the effect of the new nano-material graphene oxide on the performance of Polyurethane-SBS modified asphalt and asphalt mixture under the effect of thermal aging, the cracking process of semicircular bending test (SCB) specimens was monitored in situ based on computer vision image processing technology (OpenCV), and the modified asphalt and the cracking characteristics of the modified asphalt and mixture were further analyzed by the tests of semicircular three-point bending and aggregate contact angle measurement. The test results showed that the thermal aging effect severely damaged the composite structure formed by the cross-linking effect of Polyurethane and SBS modifier in asphalt, which intensified the degradation of Polyurethane and SBS modifier and led to great changes in the rheological properties of asphalt after aging. However, the incorporation of the new nanomaterial Graphene oxide can slow down the degradation of Polyurethane and SBS modifiers and the change of asphalt cross-linked composite structure, making the anti-cracking and anti-aging properties of Graphene oxide-Polyurethane-SBS modified asphalt mixes better than those of Polyurethane-SBS modified asphalt mixes. Therefore, the new nano-material graphene oxide added to Polyurethane-SBS modified asphalt is meaningful and feasible. Graphene oxide-polyurethane-sbs composite modified asphalt, as a new nano-material modified asphalt, is stronger against the ultraviolet and light asphalt that is prone to aging. With regards to improving the application of road projects, the results are very promising.

A study on the rheological properties and modification mechanism of graphene oxide/polyurethane/SBS-modified asphalt.

To study the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt and reveal the modification mechanism, GO/TPU/SBS-modified asphalt was prepared by high-speed shearing Hongjuan et al. (2020). The physical properties of the modified asphalt were measured via a basic index test, and the dynamic rheological behavior of the modified asphalt was characterized by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), a bending beam rheometer (BBR), and other technical means. Moreover, double-beam UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to determine the mechanism of asphalt modification from the microscopic perspective. The experimental results reveal that the GO content can improve the basic mechanical properties, high-temperature stability, and low-temperature cracking resistance of TPU/SBS-modified asphalt. When the GO content is 0.5%, the ductility and softening point of the modified asphalt are found to be significantly increased, and the degree of penetration is slightly decreased. Moreover, with the increase of the GO content, the rutting resistance and crack resistance of the asphalt materials are improved. Via the joint action of physical modification and chemical reaction, GO can form a stable structure with asphalt molecules, enhance the stability between asphalt molecules, and increase the colloidal content of macromolecules in the modified asphalt components.

Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Low-Temperature Crack Resistance of Polyurethane-SBS-Modified Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures.

In this study, the novel nanomaterial graphene oxide (GO) was added as a modifier to polyurethane-styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt, and a graphene oxide/polyurethane/SBS composite-modified asphalt mix was prepared. The effect of the graphene oxide material on the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt and mixes was investigated by bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests, beamlet bending tests at different low temperatures, and characterization by scanning electron microscopy for its microscopic condition. OpenCV image processing was used to visually represent the low-temperature cracking of the mix. The results of the BBR tests showed that the incorporation of graphene oxide resulted in a reduction in creep stiffness S and an increase in creep rate m compared with the control asphalt. The best improvement in the low-temperature cracking resistance of the polyurethane/SBS-modified asphalt was achieved at 0.5% GO doping. The results of the small beam flexural tests showed that graphene oxide as a modifier improved the flexural strength and flexural strain of the mix, resulting in a mix with a lower stiffness modulus and a better relaxation stress capacity with the addition of graphene oxide, which is also expressed through the OpenCV images. Graphene oxide significantly improved the low-temperature crack resistance of polyurethane-SBS-modified asphalt and its mixes. As a new type of nanomaterial-modified asphalt, graphene oxide/polyurethane/SBS composite-modified asphalt shows promising applicability in cold zone roads.