Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and sight-threatening DR (STDR) based on a city-wide diabetes screening program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Diabetic patients were prospectively recruited between June 2016 and December 2022. All patients underwent dilated fundus photography centered on the disc and macula or macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan. Complete medical history was documented. Systematic examination, blood analysis, and urinalysis were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and sex was conducted. RESULTS: Out of 7274 diabetic patients, 6840 had gradable images, among which 3054 (42.0%) were graded as DR, 1153 (15.9%) as DME, and 1500 (20.6%) as STDR. The factors associated with DR, DME, and STDR included younger age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 0.97, and 0.96 respectively), lower BMI (OR: 0.97, 0.95, and 0.95 respectively), longer duration of diabetes (OR: 1.07, 1.03, and 1.05 respectively) and positive of urinary albumin (OR: 2.22, 2.56, and 2.88 respectively). Other associated factors included elevated blood urea nitrogen (OR: 1.22, 1.28, and 1.27 respectively), higher LDL-cholesterol, lower blood hemoglobin (OR: 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98), insulin intake, presence of diabetic foot pathologies and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We also identified novel risk factors, including high serum potassium (OR: 1.37, 1.46, and 1.55 respectively), high-serum sodium (OR: 1.02, 1.02, and 1.04 respectively). Better family income was a protective factor for DR, DME, and STDR. Alcohol consumption once a week was also identified as a protective factor for DR. CONCLUSIONS: Similar risk factors for DR, DME, and STDR were found in this study. Our data also indicates high serum sodium, high serum potassium, low blood hemoglobin, and level of family income as novel associated factors for DR, DME, and STDR, which can help with DR monitoring and management.

Rational synthesis of methylsilsesquioxane aerogels addressing thermal load and compression recovery issues in Li-ion batteries.

Li-ion batteries suffer from two key safety issues: thermal overload and compression recovery, which may lead to flammability and mechanical failure. Silica aerogels are promising solutions to both these issues owing to their excellent thermal stability and tailored mechanical properties. However, finding the optimum sol composition in sol-gel-based aerogel synthesis is needed to address these issues at industry-relevant scales. Here, we propose an innovative approach to determine the optimum sol composition for methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) aerogel sheets, which is based on the mechanisms of the effects of molar ratios of hydrolysis water and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) on the physical properties of MSQ aerogel sheets and according to the ternary contour distribution of their properties. The synthesized MSQ aerogels exhibited a soft, light, and powderless texture and featured superhydrophobic properties (150.2°), low thermal conductivity of 33.6 mW/(m·K), high thermal stability temperature in nitrogen atmosphere at 479.3 °C and moderate short-term (<6 h) service temperature of 120.0 °C. Significantly, the structural stability and elasticity of the aerogels surpassed the current state-of-the-art, showing recovery to 81.3 % of the original thickness and 85.2 % of the original stress after being subjected to 400 cycles of high-speed and high-strain consecutive compression, respectively. These excellent properties make the MSQ aerogel sheets promising for applications in thermal load and compression recovery management of diverse energy storage devices, including batteries for next-generation electric vehicles.

The Mechanical Performance and Reaction Mechanism of Slag-Based Organic-Inorganic Composite Geopolymers.

A series of organic-inorganic composite geopolymer paste samples were prepared with slag-based geopolymer and three types of hydrophilic organic polymers, i.e., PVA, PAA, and CPAM, by ordinary molding and pressure-mixing processes. The reaction mechanism between slag-based geopolymer and organic polymers was studied by FT-IR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The experimental results showed that the slag-based geopolymer with the addition of 3% PVA presented the highest 28-day flexural strength of 19.0 MPa by means of a pressure-mixing process and drying curing conditions (80 °C, 24 h) compared with the geopolymers incorporating PAA and CPAM. A more homogeneous dispersion morphology was also observed by BSE and SEM for the 3% PVA-incorporated slag-based geopolymer. The FT-IR testing results confirmed the formation of a C-O-Si (Al) bond between PVA and the slag-based geopolymer. The deconvolution of the Q3 and Q2(1Al) species obtained by 29Si NMR testing manifested the addition of PVA and increased the length of the silicon backbone chain in the geopolymer. These findings confirmed that a composite geopolymer with high toughness can be produced based on the interpenetrating network structure formed between organic polymers and inorganic geopolymer.

Transcription factor ZIC2 regulates the tumorigenic phenotypes associated with both bulk and cancer stem cells in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in North America. Current therapeutic regimens are ineffective against advanced EOC. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the biology of EOC will be a critical step toward developing more efficacious therapies against EOC. Herein, we demonstrate that elevated expression of transcription factor ZIC2 was associated with lower survival of EOC patients. Knockout of endogenous ZIC2 in EOC cells attenuated the tumorigenic phenotypes associated with both bulk and cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating a pro-tumorigenic role of ZIC2 in EOC. On the other hand, however, overexpression of ZIC2 in EOC cells that do not express endogenous ZIC2 promoted cell migration and sphere formation, but inhibited cell growth and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, indicating that the role for ZIC2 in EOC is context dependent. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that ZIC2-regulated genes were involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways associated with tumor progression. In conclusion, our findings reveal a context-dependent role for ZIC2 in regulating tumorigenic phenotypes in EOC, providing evidence that ZIC2 can be a potential therapeutic target for EOCs that express a high level of ZIC2.

Magnetically separable Pd-iron-oxides composites as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for ultra-rapid degradation and debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

When precious nano-metals are used as environmental catalysts, it is important to tune the particle sizes and the reusability of the nano-metals for achieving their highly efficient catalytic performance at a low cost. In the present work, magnetic iron oxides (FeOx-Y) nanoparticles were pre-prepared as supports of nano-metals, where Y represented the mole percentage of Fe(III) in the total iron (Y ≥ 50 %). FeOx-Y (support), PdCl42- (Pd source) and NaBH4 (reducing agent) were added into the organic pollutant solution containing 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47). After the NaBH4 was added, the followed reaction realized not only the rapid in-situ preparation of a Pd-loaded FeOx-Y composite catalyst (Pd-FeOx-Y), but also the ultra-fast and complete debromination of BDE47 within 30 s. Comparing the case without adding FeOx-Y, the debromination efficiency of BDE47 was much promoted in the presence of FeOx-Y. The support-induced enhancing effect on the catalytic ability of Pd nanoparticles was improved by increasing the Fe(III) content in the support, being attributed to the much more hydroxyl groups on the support surface. Considering both the catalytic and recovery abilities of Pd-FeOx-Y, Pd-FeOx-75 was the optimal choice because it could be magnetically recovered and re-used for multiple cycles with high catalytic activities. The presently developed "catalyst preparation-pollutant degradation" one-pot system could be applied to conduct complete debromination of all the PBDEs.

Nitrogen and phosphorus addition promote invasion success of invasive species via increased growth and nutrient accumulation under elevated CO2.

In the context of the resource allocation hypothesis regarding the trade-off between growth and defence, compared with native species, invasive species generally allocate more energy to growth and less energy to defence. However, it remains unclear how global change and nutrient enrichment will influence the competition between invasive species and co-occurring native species. Here, we tested whether nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition under elevated CO2 causes invasive species (Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata) to produce greater biomass, higher growth-related compounds and lower defence-related compounds than native plants (Paederia scandens and Eupatorium chinense). We grew these native and invasive species with similar morphology with the addition of N and P under elevated CO2 in open-top chambers. The addition of N alone increased the relative growth rate (RGR) by 5.4% in invasive species, and its combination with P addition or elevated CO2 significantly increased the RGR of invasive species by 7.5 or 8.1%, respectively, and to a level higher than that of native species (by 14.4%, P < 0.01). Combined N + P addition under elevated CO2 decreased the amount of defence-related compounds in the leaf, including lipids (by 17.7%) and total structural carbohydrates (by 29.0%), whereas it increased the growth-related compounds in the leaf, including proteins (by 75.7%), minerals (by 9.6%) and total non-structural carbohydrates (by 8.5%). The increased concentrations of growth-related compounds were possibly associated with the increase in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase content and mineral nutrition (magnesium, iron and calcium), all of which were higher in the invasive species than in the native species. These results suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and N deposition combined with nutrient enrichment will increase the growth of invasive species more than that of native species. Our result also suggests that invasive species respond more readily to produce growth-related compounds under an increased soil nutrient availability and elevated CO2.

Oral Immunization with Attenuated Salmonella Choleraesuis Expressing the FedF Antigens Protects Mice against the Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Challenge.

Edema disease (ED) is a severe and lethal infectious ailment in swine, stemming from Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). An efficient, user-friendly, and safe vaccine against ED is urgently required to improve animal welfare and decrease antibiotic consumption. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV) administered orally induce both humoral and mucosal immune responses to the immunizing antigen. Their potential for inducing protective immunity against ED is significant through the delivery of STEC antigens. rSC0016 represents an enhanced recombinant attenuated vaccine vector designed for Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis. It combines sopB mutations with a regulated delay system to strike a well-balanced equilibrium between host safety and immunogenicity. We generated recombinant vaccine strains, namely rSC0016 (pS-FedF) and rSC0016 (pS-rStx2eA), and assessed their safety and immunogenicity in vivo. The findings demonstrated that the mouse models immunized with rSC0016 (pS-FedF) and rSC0016 (pS-rStx2eA) generated substantial IgG antibody responses to FedF and rStx2eA, while also provoking robust mucosal and cellular immune responses against both FedF and rStx2eA. The protective impact of rSC0016 (pS-FedF) against Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli surpassed that of rSC0016 (pS-rStx2eA), with percentages of 83.3%. These findings underscore that FedF has greater suitability for vaccine delivery via recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASVs). Overall, this study provides a promising candidate vaccine for infection with STEC.

A Magnetically Driven Tandem Chip Enables Rapid Isolation and Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles.

The protein phenotypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, the technical challenges in rapid isolation and multiplexed molecular detection of EVs have limited their clinical practice. Herein, we developed a magnetically driven tandem chip to achieve streamlined rapid isolation and multiplexed profiling of surface protein biomarkers of EVs. Driven by magnetic force, the magnetic nanomixers not only act as tiny stir bars to promote mass transfer and enhance reaction efficiency of EVs, but also transport on communicating vessels of the tandem chip continuously and expedite the assay workflow. We designed cyclic surface enhancement of Raman scattering (SERS) tags to bind with target EVs and then release them by exonuclease I, eliminating steric hindrance and amplifying the SERS signal of multiple protein biomarkers on EVs. Due to the excellent assay performance, six breast cancer biomarkers were detected simultaneously on EVs using only 10 µL plasma within 1.5 h. The unweighted SUM signature offers great accuracy in discriminating breast cancer patients from healthy donors. Overall, the dynamic magnetic driving tandem chip offers a new avenue to advance the clinical application of EV-based liquid biopsy.

Simultaneous subset tracing and miRNA profiling of tumor-derived exosomes via dual-surface-protein orthogonal barcoding.

The clinical potential of miRNA-based liquid biopsy has been largely limited by the heterogeneous sources in plasma and tedious assay processes. Here, we develop a precise and robust one-pot assay called dual-surface-protein-guided orthogonal recognition of tumor-derived exosomes and in situ profiling of microRNAs (SORTER) to detect tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa). The SORTER uses two allosteric aptamers against exosomal marker CD63 and tumor marker EpCAM to create an orthogonal labeling barcode and achieve selective sorting of tumor-specific exosome subtypes. Furthermore, the labeled barcode on tumor-derived exosomes initiated targeted membrane fusion with liposome probes to import miRNA detection reagents, enabling in situ sensitive profiling of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs. With a signature of six miRNAs, SORTER differentiated PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia with an accuracy of 100%. Notably, the diagnostic accuracy reached 90.6% in the classification of metastatic and nonmetastatic PCa. We envision that the SORTER will promote the clinical adaptability of miRNA-based liquid biopsy.

High-Performance Methylsilsesquioxane Aerogels: Hydrolysis Mechanisms and Maximizing Compression Properties.

Synthesis of methylsilsesquioxane aerogels by ambient pressure drying instead of supercritical drying has recently emerged as a major trend, but the issues of low mechanical strength and unstable performance still need to be resolved. This work reveals the microscopic formation mechanisms of gel skeleton based on the kinetic characteristics of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) precursor hydrolysis and the associated sol-gel reactions. The effects of oxalic acid concentration (cOA) and hydrolysis time of MTMS solution (th) on the gelation time, morphologies, microstructures, chemical structure, and compression properties of the as-synthesized methylsilsesquioxane aerogels are investigated. The optimal cOA and th are 38.4 mmol/L and 120 min, respectively, endowing the methylsilsesquioxane aerogels with a compression strength of 0.170 MPa and a maximum compression strain of 61.2%. Precise control of the hydrolysis conditions ensures the formation of branched particle-to-particle networks, which is crucial for maximizing the compression properties of methylsilsesquioxane aerogels synthesized under industry-relevant conditions.

Development and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Mycoplasma synoviae infection.

Mycoplasma synoviae is an extremely significant avian pathogen, causing substantial financial harm to poultry farmers worldwide, and impacting both chicken and turkey production. Multi-epitope vaccines offer higher immunity and lower allergenicity compared to conventional vaccines. In this study, our objective is to develop a multi-epitope vaccine for M. synoviae (MSMV) and to evaluate the immune responses and protective efficacy of MSMV in chickens. We successfully identified a total of 14 B-cell, 5 MHC-I, and 16 MHC-II binding epitopes from the immunodominant proteins RS01790, BMP, GrpE, RS00900, and RS00275. Subsequently, we synthesized the multi-epitope vaccine by connecting all conserved epitopes using appropriate linkers. The resulting MSMV demonstrated notable antigenicity, non-allergenic properties, and stability. Notably, the MSMV effectively stimulated high levels of antibody production in chickens. Furthermore, MSMV the vaccine elicited a robust cellular immune response in chickens, characterized by a well-balanced Th1/Th2-type cytokine profile and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. In immune protection experiments, the vaccinated chickens exhibited reduced air sac lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness compared to their non-vaccinated chickens. Additionally, vaccinated chickens displayed lower M. synoviae loads in throat swabs. These findings collectively suggested that the MSMV holds significant potential as a promising vaccine candidate for managing M. synoviae infections.

Examining the influence of information overload on consumers' purchase in live streaming: A heuristic-systematic model perspective.

In recent years, the number of live streaming platforms and the number of viewers have exploded. For example, in China, there are already more than 100 live streaming platforms as well as more than 300 million consumers. In live commerce, streamers use 'information overload' to affect purchase decisions, by making it difficult for consumers to think systematically; however, the mechanism of impact in this way has not been confirmed. In order to clarify how information overload affects users' purchasing decisions in live commerce, this study introduces information overload from the perspective of "Heuristic-systematic model" to develop a research model. And 400 respondents were randomly recruited through various SNS platforms in Guangdong Province, China from July 1 to July 20, 2022 using a random survey method, and finally 297 valid sample data were obtained. To verify the validity of the model and to illustrate the impact of information overload marketing on consumer purchase decisions in live commerce this study conducted an empirical analysis using Smart PLS 3.0. The findings show that perceived product quality and fit, and streamer influence and expertise, positively affect consumers' purchase intentions. The information overload strategy can significantly reduce consumers' perceptions of merchandise fit and enhance their perceptions of streamer influence and expertise. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for marketing strategies in live commerce, and enrich literature in the field of marketing.

Screening of immunogenic proteins and evaluation of vaccine candidates against Mycoplasma synoviae.

Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) is a serious avian pathogen that causes significant economic losses to chicken and turkey producers worldwide. The currently available live attenuated and inactivated vaccines provide limited protection. The objective of this study was to identify potential subunit vaccine candidates using immunoproteomics and reverse vaccinology analyses and to evaluate their preliminary protection. Twenty-four candidate antigens were identified, and five of them, namely RS01790 (a putative sugar ABC transporter lipoprotein), BMP (a substrate-binding protein of the BMP family ABC transporter), GrpE (a nucleotide exchange factor), RS00900 (a putative nuclease), and RS00275 (an uncharacterized protein), were selected to evaluate their immunogenicity and preliminary protection. The results showed that all five antigens had good immunogenicity, and they were localized on the M. synoviae cell membrane. The antigens induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and the vaccinated chickens exhibited significantly greater body weight gain and lower air sac lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thicknesses. Additionally, the vaccinated chickens had lower M. synoviae loads in throat swabs than non-vaccinated chickens. The protective effect of the RS01790, BMP, GrpE, and RS00900 vaccines was better than that of the RS00275 vaccine. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of subunit vaccines as a new approach to developing M. synoviae vaccines, providing new ideas for controlling the spread of M. synoviae worldwide.

Establishment and validation of preclinical models of SMARCA4-inactivated and ARID1A/ARID1B co-inactivated dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Dedifferentiated endometrial cancer (DDEC) is an uncommon and clinically highly aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer characterized by genomic inactivation of SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex protein. It responds poorly to conventional systemic treatment and its rapidly progressive clinical course limits the therapeutic windows to trial additional lines of therapies. This underscores a pressing need for biologically accurate preclinical tumor models to accelerate therapeutic development. METHODS: DDEC tumor from surgical samples were implanted into immunocompromised mice for patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line development. The histologic, immunophenotypic, genetic and epigenetic features of the patient tumors and the established PDX models were characterized. The SMARCA4-deficienct DDEC model was evaluated for its sensitivity toward a KDM6A/B inhibitor (GSK-J4) that was previously reported to be effective therapy for other SMARCA4-deficient cancer types. RESULTS: All three DDEC models exhibited rapid growth in vitro and in vivo, with two PDX models showing spontaneous development of metastases in vivo. The PDX tumors maintained the same undifferentiated histology and immunophenotype, and exhibited identical genomic and methylation profiles as seen in the respective parental tumors, including a mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient DDEC with genomic inactivation of SMARCA4, and two MMR-deficient DDECs with genomic inactivation of both ARID1A and ARID1B. Although the SMARCA4-deficient cell line showed low micromolecular sensitivity to GSK-J4, no significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in the corresponding PDX model. CONCLUSIONS: These established patient tumor-derived models accurately depict DDEC and represent valuable preclinical tools to gain therapeutic insights into this aggressive tumor type.

Azelaic acid and guanosine in tears improve discrimination of proliferative from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetes patients: A tear metabolomics study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the microvascular ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead to irreversible blindness and visual impairment if not properly treated. Tears can be collected non-invasively, and the compositions of tears could be the potential biomarkers for ocular diseases. Here we aimed to delineate the metabolomics signature in tears collected from Chinese type-2 DM patients with DR. Methods: The metabolomics profiles of tear samples from 41 Chinese type-2 DM patients with DR and 21 non-diabetic subjects were determined by the untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The associated pathways of the differentially abundant metabolites were delineated, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to identify the metabolites differentiating non-proliferative DR (NPDR) from proliferative DR (PDR). Results: Total 14 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between total DR and non-diabetic subjects, and 17 differentially abundant metabolites were found between the NPDR and PDR subjects. Moreover, total 18 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the NPDR and PDR subjects with stratification in DR duration and blood glucose level. d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism was significantly highlighted in the PDR group as compared to the non-diabetic group. For the predictive performance, azelaic acid combined with guanosine achieved the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.855 in the comparison between NPDR and PDR groups. Conclusion: This study revealed the metabolomics changes in tear samples of DR patients. The metabolites in tears could be the potential biomarkers in the DR analysis.

Evaluation and comparison of ocular biometric parameters obtained with Tomey OA-2000 in silicone oil-filled aphakic eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a new non-contact instrument (OA-2000) measuring the ocular biometry parameters of silicone oil (SO)-filled aphakic eyes, as compared with IOLMaster 700. METHODS: Forty SO-filled aphakic eyes of 40 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional clinical trial. The axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry ((flattest keratometry) Kf and (steep keratometry, 90° apart from Kf) Ks), and axis of the Kf (Ax1) were measured with OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was calculated to assess the repeatability. The correlation was evaluated by the Pearson coefficient. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t test were used to analyze the agreements and differences of parameters measured by the two devices, respectively. RESULTS: The mean AL obtained with the OA-2000 was 23.57 ± 0.93 mm (range: 21.50 to 25.68 mm), and that obtained with the IOLMaster 700 was 23.69 ± 0.94 mm (range: 21.85 to 25.86 mm), resulting in a mean offset of 0.124 ± 0.125 mm (p < 0.001). The mean offset of CCT measured by OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700 was 14.6 ± 7.5 µm (p < 0.001). However, the Kf, Ks and Ax1 values from the two devices were comparable (p > 0.05). All the measured parameters of the two devices showed strong linear correlations (all r ≥ 0.966). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of Kf, Ks and AL, but 95%LoA of CCT and Ax1 was wide, which were - 29.3 ~ 0.1 µm and-25.9 ~ 30.7°respectively. The CoVs of the biometric parameters obtained with OA-2000 were lower than 1%. CONCLUSION: In SO-filled aphakic eyes, the ocular parameters (including AL, Kf, Ks, Ax1, and CCT) measured by the OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700 had a good correlation. Two devices had an excellent agreement on ocular biometric measurements of Kf, Ks and AL. The OA-2000 provided excellent repeatability of ocular parameters in SO-filled aphakic eyes.

Effects of vitamin C combined with rbFGF on inflammatory factors and oxygen environment in patients with high-voltage electrical burns.

To investigate the effect of vitamin C combined with recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rbFGF) on inflammatory factors and oxygen environment in patients with high-voltage electrical burns. A retrospective analysis of 98 patients with high-voltage electrical burns admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to April 2022. A total of 98 patients were divided into research group and control group, including 49 cases treated with vitamin C combined with rbFGF and 49 cases treated with only rbFGF. The disappearance time of clinical symptoms, wound healing rate, area of granulation tissue growth, level of inflammatory factors, oxygen environment were compared between two groups after one and three courses of treatment. After treatment, the disappearance time of erythema, pain, swelling, blisters, exudate symptoms, wound healing time, scab formation time, and hospitalisation time in the research group were significantly better than those in control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the wound healing rate and area of granulation tissue growth between the two groups after one course of treatment (P > .05), while it is significantly better than those in control group after three courses of treatment (P < .05). The inflammatory factors, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) scores in research group were significantly better than that in control group after three courses of treatment (P < .05). Vitamin C combined with rbFGF may be worthy to reduce inflammatory factors, regulate oxygen environment, which can be popularised and applied in clinical practice.

Quantitatively Visualizing the Thermal Dehydration Process and Isotope Effect in Single HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework Particles.

Quantitatively visualizing the thermal dehydration in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), especially at the single-particle level, is still challenging, hindering a deeper understanding of the reaction dynamics. Using in situ dark-field microscopy (DFM), we image the thermal dehydration process of single water-containing HKUST-1 (H2O-HKUST-1) metal-organic framework (MOF) particles. DFM maps the color intensity of single H2O-HKUST-1, which is linearly correlated with the water content in the HKUST-1 framework, enabling a direct quantification of several reaction kinetic parameters of single HKUST-1 particles. Interestingly, when H2O-HKUST-1 is transformed into deutoxide (D2O)-containing HKUST-1, the corresponding thermal dehydration reaction displays higher temperature parameters and activation energy but shows a lower rate constant and diffusion coefficient, revealing the isotope effect. The significant variation of the diffusion coefficient is also confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. The present operando results are anticipated to provide valuable guidelines for the design and development of advanced porous materials.

Upregulation of Formaldehyde in Parkinson's Disease Found by a Near-Infrared Lysosome-Targeted Fluorescent Probe.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases caused by complex pathological processes. As a signal molecule, formaldehyde is closely linked to nervous systems, but the relationship between PD and formaldehyde levels remains largely unclear. We speculated that formaldehyde might be a potential biomarker for PD. To prove it, we constructed the first near-infrared (NIR) lysosome-targeted formaldehyde fluorescent probe (named NIR-Lyso-FA) to explore the relationship between formaldehyde and PD. The novel fluorescent probe achieves formaldehyde detection in vitro and in vivo, thanks to its excellent properties such as NIR emission, large Stokes shift, and fast response to formaldehyde. Crucially, utilizing the novel probe NIR-Lyso-FA, formaldehyde overexpression was discovered for the first time in cellular, zebrafish, and mouse PD models, supporting our guess that formaldehyde can function as a possible biomarker for PD. We anticipate that this finding will offer insightful information for PD pathophysiology, diagnosis, medication development, and treatment.