A general strategy for the enhanced H2 production performance of CdS/noble metal sulfide nanorods photocatalysts by cation exchange.

In this work, we report a series of noble metal (Ag, Au, Pt, etc.) sulfides that act as co-catalysts anchoring on CdS nanorods (NRs) obtained via a cation exchange strategy to promote photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. CdS NRs are first generated via a hydrothermal routine, noble metal sulfides are then in-situ grown on CdS NRs by a cation exchange method. CdS/Ag2S, CdS/Au2S and CdS/PtS NRs show improved hydrogen production rates (2506.88, 1513.17 and 1004.54 µmol g-1h-1, respectively), approximately 18, 11 and 7 times higher than CdS NRs (138.27 µmol g-1h-1). Among CdS/noble metal sulfide NRs, CdS/Ag2S NRs present the best H2 production performance. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of CdS/Ag2S NRs achieves 3.11 % at λ = 370 nm. The improved photocatalytic performance of CdS/noble metal sulfide NRs dues to the following points: i) Noble metal sulfides on CdS NRs are beneficial for elevating light-absorbing and light-utilizing capacities, contributing to generating more photoexcited charges; ii) Noble metal sulfides are in-situ grown on CdS NRs as electron acceptors by a cation exchange method, thus the photoexcited electrons generated by CdS NRs rapidly migrate to the surface of noble metal sulfides, successfully accelerating the carriers separation efficiency. This series of noble metal sulfides acting as co-catalysts anchoring on CdS NRs offer new insights into the construction principles of high-performance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalysts.

Hybrid organic frameworks: Synthesis strategies and applications in photocatalytic wastewater treatment - A review.

Hybrid organic framework materials are a class of hierarchical porous crystalline materials that have emerged in recent years, composed of three types of porous crystal materials, namely metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). The combination of various organic framework properties in hybrid organic frameworks generates synergistic effects, which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. The synthesis methods of hybrid organic frameworks are also an intriguing topic, enabling the formation of core-shell heterostructures through epitaxial growth, template conversion, medium growth, or direct combination. These hybrid organic framework materials have demonstrated remarkable performance in the application of photocatalytic wastewater purification and have developed various forms of applications. This article reviews the preparation principles and methods of various hybrid organic frameworks and provides a detailed overview of the research progress of photocatalytic water purification hybrid organic frameworks. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of hybrid organic framework synthesis and their application in water purification are briefly discussed.

Suture Tape Augmentation Improves Posterior Stability After Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Autograft With Single-Bundle Transtibial Technique.

PURPOSE: To assess whether posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR) with suture tape augmentation can yield more stability after isolated PCLR. METHODS: A prospective database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent primary isolated PCLR (control group) or isolated PCLR with suture tape augmentation (study group) from January 2016 to September 2020. We analyzed subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm, and Tegner knee scores; posterior drawer test findings; posterior stress radiographs; and return-to-sports activity rates. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was used to evaluate clinical relevance (subjective IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner scores). RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were included in this analysis (28 in control group and 31 in study group). The average length of follow-up was similar between the study and control groups (48.6 months vs 47.9 months, P = .800). Knee function was significantly improved in the study group in terms of subjective IKDC scores (85.1 ± 6.4 in study group vs 79.8 ± 6.4 in control group, P = .002), Lysholm scores (86.3 ± 7.4 vs 80.8 ± 7.4, P = .005), and Tegner scores (7.0 ± 1.4 vs 5.6 ± 1.7, P = .006). However, the differences between the control and study groups were less than the MCID for the subjective IKDC score and Lysholm score. In the control and study groups, 21.4% of patients (6 of 28) and 48.4% of patients (15 of 31), respectively, returned to their preinjury sports activity levels (P = .031). At last follow-up, the mean side-to-side difference in posterior laxity was significantly improved in the study group compared with the control group (1.52 ± 0.70 mm in study group vs 3.17 ± 2.01 mm in control group, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Primary isolated PCLR with suture tape augmentation provides better posterior stability than PCLR without suture tape augmentation at a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. No differences between the groups were observed in the percentage of patients who met or exceeded the MCID for the subjective IKDC and Lysholm scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Review of Bi-based catalysts in piezocatalytic, photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

Photocatalysis, as an effective advanced oxidation process, has been widely carried out in water waste treatment, especially in the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the photocatalytic process is limited by the high recombination rate of photo-generated carriers. To improve photocatalytic efficiency, piezocatalysis has attracted increasing attention, especially that using lead-free piezoelectric materials, which avoids the secondary pollution of lead toxicity in the environment. Bi-based materials have both photocatalytic activity and piezocatalytic activity, which can perfectly combine the advantages of these two catalytic processes to promote the degradation of organic pollutants. Under an external mechanical action, the Bi-based catalyst produces a polarized electric field due to the piezoelectric effect, and the photo-generated carriers can be effectively separated under electrostatic attraction, thus obtaining more efficient photocatalytic performance. However, there are still many gaps in the design, reaction mechanism, and development prospects of Bi-based piezo-photocatalysts. Therefore, to acquire a deeper understanding of the research status of Bi-based piezo-photocatalysts, we summarize the existing literature to provide effective ways to improve piezo-photocatalytic performance. Moreover, this paper points out the developmental direction of piezo-photocatalysis in the future. Last but not least, we also look forward to the prospect of piezo-photocatalysis in the degradation of organic pollutants.

Optimizing the performance of Fe-based metal-organic frameworks in photo-Fenton processes: Mechanisms, strategies and prospects.

Contaminants in water pose a significant challenge as they are harmful and difficult to treat using conventional methods. Therefore, various new methods have been proposed to degrade organic pollutants in water, among which the photo-Fenton process is considered promising. In recent years, Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) have gained attention and found applications in different fields due to their cost-effectiveness, non-toxic nature, and unique porous structure. Many researchers have applied Fe-MOFs to the photo-Fenton process in recent years and achieved good results. This review focuses on describing different strategies for enhancing the performance of Fe-MOFs in the photo-Fenton process. Also, the mechanism of MOF in the photo-Fenton process is described in detail. Finally, prospects for the application of Fe-MOFs in photo-Fenton systems for the treatment of organic pollutants in water are presented. This study provides information and ideas for researchers to use Fe-MOFs to remove organic pollutants from water by photo-Fenton process.

Recent Progress of Transition Metal Compounds as Electrocatalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting.

Hydrogen has enormous commercial potential as a secondary energy source because of its high calorific value, clean combustion byproducts, and multiple production methods. Electrocatalytic water splitting is a viable alternative to the conventional methane steam reforming technique, as it operates under mild conditions, produces high-quality hydrogen, and has a sustainable production process that requires less energy. Electrocatalysts composed of precious metals like Pt, Au, Ru, and Ag are commonly used in the investigation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nevertheless, their limited availability and expensive cost restrict practical use. In contrast, electrocatalysts that do not contain precious metals are readily available, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and possess electrocatalytic performance equal to that of noble metals. However, considerable research effort must be devoted to create cost-effective and high-performing catalysts. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the reaction mechanism involved in electrocatalytic water splitting in both acidic and basic environments. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in catalysts for both the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions are also discussed. The structure-activity relationship of the catalyst was deep-going discussed, together with the prospects of current obstacles and potential for electrocatalytic water splitting, aiming at provide valuable perspectives for the advancement of economical and efficient electrocatalysts on an industrial scale.

Application of Co3O4 nanocrystal/rGO for simultaneous electrochemical detection of cadmium and lead in environmental waters.

Sensing of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in environmental samples is crucial for identifying potential health risks associated with exposure to these heavy metals as well as understanding the extent of heavy metal contamination in different environments and its impact on the ecosystem. The present study elucidates the development of a novel electrochemical sensor that can detect Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions simultaneously. This sensor is fabricated using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and cobalt oxide nanocrystals (Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO). The characterization of Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO was done by using various analytical techniques. The incorporation of cobalt oxide nanocrystals with intense absorption properties results in an amplification of the electrochemical current generated on the surface of the sensor by heavy metals. This, when coupled with the unique properties of the GO layer, enables the identification of trace levels of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in the surrounding environment. The electrochemical testing parameters were meticulously optimized to obtain high sensitivity and selectivity. The Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO sensor exhibited exceptional performance in detecting Cd (II) and Pb (II) within a concentration range of 0.1-450 ppb. Notably, the limits of detection (LOD) for Pb (II) and Cd (II) were found to be highly impressive at 0.034 ppb and 0.062 ppb, respectively. The Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO sensor integrated with the SWASV method displayed notable resistance to interference and exhibited consistent reproducibility and stability. Therefore, the suggested sensor has the potential to serve as a technique for detecting both ions in aqueous samples using SWASV analysis.

[Study on protective effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder against liver injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by regulating FXR/Nrf2/ARE pathway].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder(CHSG) on liver injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by regulating farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE) pathway. Eighty-four SD rats were classified into normal group, model group, CHSG-L group(0.5 g·kg~(-1)), CHSG-H group(2.5 g·kg~(-1)), ursodeoxycholic acid group(UDCA group, 100 mg·kg~(-1)), CHSG-H+sh-NC group(2.5 g·kg~(-1) CHSG+subcutaneous injection of sh-NC lentivirus), CHSG-H+sh-FXR group(2.5 g·kg~(-1) CHSG+subcutaneous injection of sh-FXR lentivirus), with 12 rats in each group. Rats were treated with corresponding drugs except for the normal group and the model group, once a day, for 7 days. On 5 th day, rats, except the normal group, were given α-naphthalene isothiocyanate(ANIT) at a dose of 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for 3 days to induce intrahepatic cholestasis, and the normal group was given the same amount of normal saline. Rats were anesthetized 1 h after the last administration and the 2 h bile flow was measured. Aeroset chemistry analyzer was employed to detect the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total bilirubin(TBIL), and total bile acid(TBA) in rat serum. Based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining, the pathological changes of rat liver tissue were observed. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in rat liver tissue homogenate were monitored with corresponding kits. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FXR, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) proteins in rat liver tissue. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed many spots or concentrated necrotic areas in the liver tissue, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, swelling liver cells with nuclear shrinkage. The 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and relative expression of FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were significantly lower, and the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA and MDA were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group. Compared with the model group, CHSG-L group, CHSG-H group, and UDCA group demonstrated significant alleviation of pathological damage of the liver tissue, significantly high 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and expression of FXR, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and significantly low levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA and MDA. Compared with the CHSG-H group, the CHSG-H+sh-FXR group had worse liver pathological damage, significantly low levels of 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and expression of FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins, and significantly high levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA, and MDA. CHSG may protect against liver injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by activating the FXR/Nrf2/ARE pathway.

[Comparative study of transosseous suture and suture anchor technique in medial patellofemoral ligament double bundle reconstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of transosseous suture in medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) double bundle reconstruction. METHODS: The clinical data of 75 patients with recurrent patella dislocation who met the selection criteria between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were treated with MPFL double bundle reconstruction, and divided into study group (39 cases, using new transosseous suture technique) and control group (36 cases, using traditional suture anchor fixation) depending on the intraoperative fixation technique. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, affected knee side, preoperative tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance, Insall-Salvati ratio, knee range of motion, Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, congruence angle, and tilt angle between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Kujala score, IKDC score, and knee range of motion were used to evaluate the functional improvement of patients before and after operation. The congruence angle and tilt angle were measured on X-ray films. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 24-36 months, with an average of 29.4 months. There was no complication such as incision infection, fat liquefaction, patellar redislocation, and prepatellar pain during follow-up. At last follow-up, the Kujala score, IKDC score, knee range of motion, congruence angle, and tilt angle of two groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The application of suture anchor or transosseous suture to complete MPFL double bundle reconstruction can restore patellar stability, and there is no significant difference in the short-term effectiveness between them.

Vancomycin lavage for the incidence of acute surgical site infection following primary total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is a rare but serious complication associated with total joint arthroplasty (TJA). There are limited data on the effectiveness of intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution (1000 mg/L; 2 L) before wound closure for preventing acute surgical site infection following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic intraoperative application of vancomycin (1000 mg/L; 2 L) solution vs. plain irrigation in reducing the incidence of acute surgical site infection following primary THA and TKA. METHODS: A retrospective review of 2725 consecutive patients undergoing THA or TKA from January 2012-December 2019 was performed. These patients received either intrawound irrigation with normal saline before wound closure between January 2012 and December 2015 (group 1, 1018 patients; 453 undergoing THA and 565 undergoing TKA) or intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution (1000 mg/L) before wound closure between January 2016 and December 2019 (group 2, 1175 patients; 512 undergoing THA and 663 undergoing TKA). The outcomes were the incidences of postoperative surgical site infection and wound healing complications within 3 mo of primary TJA. RESULTS: There were no significant demographic differences between the 2 groups. There was a significantly higher incidence of acute infection at the surgical site in patients who received intrawound irrigation with normal saline before wound closure than in those who received intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution (1000 mg/L; 2 L) before wound closure (overall incidence of infection: group 1, 2.46% vs group 2, 0.09%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound healing complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic irrigation with vancomycin solution (1000 mg/L; 2 L) significantly decreases the incidence of acute surgical site infection after primary TJA. This strategy is a safe, efficacious, and inexpensive method for reducing the incidence of acute surgical site infection after TJA.

Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Patellar Fixation Techniques in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: Transosseous Sutures vs Suture Anchors.

BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques for fixing a graft to the patella in medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have been described; however, no single technique has been shown to be superior to another. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance of 2 different patellar fixation techniques: suture anchor (SA) and transosseous suture (TS) fixation. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences between the groups in ultimate failure load, stiffness, or elongation. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: In this study, a new TS technique was biomechanically compared with the SA technique for MPFL reconstruction using 24 fresh-frozen mature porcine patellae and porcine flexor profundus tendons. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups undergoing MPFL reconstruction using either the SA technique or the TS technique (n = 12 per group). Fixation with TS was completed using 3 No. 2 UltraBraid sutures and three 2-mm transosseous tunnels. SA reconstruction was completed using 2 parallel 3.5-mm titanium SAs with 2 No. 2 UltraBraid sutures. We preconditioned each graft using a force between 5 and 20 N before cyclic loading. Then, the specimens were biomechanically tested (1000 cycles; 5-100 N; 1 Hz) and loaded under tension at 200 mm/min until failure. The ultimate failure load, stiffness, elongation, and failure mode were recorded for each specimen. The Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t tests were used to assess the data. RESULTS: The TS technique resulted in a significantly higher mean failure load than did the SA technique (496.18 ± 93.15 vs 399.43 ± 105.35 N; P = .03). The TS technique resulted in less stiffness than did the SA technique (55.42 ± 7.92 vs 72.11 ± 10.64 N/mm; P < .01). There was no significant difference between the groups in elongation. None of the graft fixation/patellar complexes failed during cyclic testing in either group. During the load-to-failure test, the most common mode of failure in the SA group was an anchor being pulled out of the bone, whereas that in the TS group was rupture of the suture material. CONCLUSION: MPFL reconstruction with 3 TSs provided a higher load to failure than did the commonly used fixation method involving SAs.

Biomechanical evaluation of a novel transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using high-strength sutures in a porcine bone model.

BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques are commonly used for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, the optimum method regarding the fixation of PCL reconstruction after PCL tears remains debatable. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties among three different tibial fixation procedures for transtibial single-bundle PCL reconstruction. METHODS: Thirty-six porcine tibias and porcine extensor tendons were randomized into three fixation study groups: the interference screw fixation (IS) group, the transtibial tubercle fixation (TTF) group, and TTF + IS group (n = 12 in each group). The structural properties of the three fixation groups were tested under cyclic loading and load-to-failure. The slippage after the cyclic loading test and the stiffness and ultimate failure load after load-to-failure testing were recorded. RESULTS: After 1000 cycles of cyclic testing, no significant difference was observed in graft slippage among the three groups. For load-to-failure testing, the TTF + IS group showed a higher ultimate failure load than the TTF group and the IS group (876.34 ±â€Š58.78 N vs. 660.92 ±â€Š77.74 N [P < 0.001] vs. 556.49 ±â€Š65.33 N [P < 0.001]). The stiffness in the TTF group was significantly lower than that in the IS group and the TTF + IS group (92.77 ±â€Š20.16 N/mm in the TTF group vs. 120.27 ±â€Š15.66 N/m in the IS group [P = 0.001] and 131.79 ±â€Š17.95 N/mm in the TTF + IS group [P < 0.001]). No significant difference in the mean stiffness was found between the IS group and the TTF + IS group (P = 0.127). CONCLUSIONS: In this biomechanical study, supplementary fixation with transtibial tubercle sutures increased the ultimate failure load during load-to-failure testing for PCL reconstruction.

[Biomechanical research of anterior cruciate ligament fixation by tibial interfacial screw combined with bone tunnel crossing technology].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the strength difference between the interfacial screw and the interfacial screw combined with bone tunnel crossing technology to fix the tibial end of ligament during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through the biomechanical test. METHODS: Twenty fresh frozen pig tibia were randomly divided into two groups ( n=10) to prepare ACL reconstruction models. The graft tendons in the experimental group were fixed with interfacial screw combined with bone tunnel crossing technology, and the graft tendons in the control group were fixed with interfacial screw. The two groups of specimens were fixed in the high-frequency dynamic mechanics test system M-3000, and the length change (displacement), ultimate load, and stiffness of graft tendons were measured through the reciprocating test and load-failure test. RESULTS: The results of reciprocating test showed that the displacement of the experimental group was (3.06±0.58) mm, and that of the control group was (2.82±0.46) mm, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.641, P=0.529). The load-failure test results showed that the stiffness of the experimental group and the control group were (95.39±13.63) and (91.38±14.28) N/mm, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=1.021, P=0.321). The ultimate load of the experimental group was (743.15±173.96) N, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (574.70±74.43) N ( t=2.648, P=0.016). CONCLUSION: In ACL reconstruction, the fixation strength of tibial end with interface screw combined with bone tunnel crossing technology is obviously better than that of interface screw alone.

Biomechanical Comparison of a Novel Tibial Fixation Technique Versus Interference Screw Fixation for ACL Reconstruction Using Soft Tissue Grafts.

BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the optimal technique for tibial fixation of soft tissue grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: To compare the biomechanical outcomes of a novel transtibial tubercle fixation technique with those of a commonly utilized interference screw fixation at the tibial site. Our hypothesis was that transtibial tubercle fixation achieves higher ultimate failure loads than interference screw fixation. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: We used 24 matched porcine tibias and digital extensor tendons, from which 12 grafts and tibial tunnels were prepared using the novel transtibial tubercle fixation technique and 12 were prepared using the interference screw fixation technique. The specimens underwent a cyclic loading test (50-250 N applied for 1000 cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz), followed by a load-to-failure test. The slippage, stiffness, and ultimate failure loads were compared between the techniques. RESULTS: No differences in slippage were found during the cyclic loading test, and no graft fixation or tibial complex failures occurred during cyclic testing in either group. The transtibial tubercle fixation technique had higher ultimate failure loads (mean ± SD, 756.28 ± 123.43 N) as compared with interference screw fixation (602.15 ± 81.62 N; P < .05). The grafts in the transtibial tubercle fixation group were less stiff than those in the interference screw fixation group (84.43 vs 101.23 N/mm; P < .05). CONCLUSION: Transtibial tubercle fixation achieved higher ultimate failure loads than interference screw fixation in the load-to-failure test. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The novel transtibial tubercle fixation technique compared favorably with interference screw fixation during ACL reconstruction. This technique does not require hardware, has a low cost, theoretically eliminates the risk of complications associated with hardware implantation (eg, graft damage and pain attributed to retained hardware requiring removal), and is relatively easy to perform.

Synthesis of potential Ca-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides coated graphene oxide composites for simultaneous uptake of europium and fulvic acid from wastewater systems.

High background electrolyte and natural organic matter are favorable to migration of hazardous radionuclides in geochemical repository. Herein, Ca-Mg-Al layered double hydroxide coated onto graphene oxide (Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO) composites were successfully synthesized, characterized and adopted to decontaminate Eu(III) and fulvic acid (FA) under diverse experimental conditions. Diverse concentration gradients and different addition sequences on Eu(III) and FA were also obtained, which revealed different interaction mechanisms. The experimental results displayed that the coexistence of FA and Eu(III) respectively promoted adsorption performance of Eu(III) and FA under the ternary systems. The acquired Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites were adopted to remove Eu(III) and FA, which further illustrated excellent chemo-physical stability and adsorption capacity of 1.12 × 10-3 mol/g and 3.54 × 10-4 mol/g, respectively. The remarkable adsorption performances of Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO were confirmed through kinetic procedures and depending-temperature isotherms, illustrating that the kinetics processes were simulated using pseudo-second-order pattern, and the adsorption isotherms were splendidly simulated using Langmuir pattern. XPS spectrum analysis revealed that these containing oxygen groups took significant part in the restricting of Eu(III) and FA onto the surfaces of Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites. In view of experimental results, the Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites can be as potential adsorbents with availably recycled reusability for the decontamination of Eu(III) and FA from nuclear fuel partition or nuclear wastewater systems.

Clinical Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using Transosseous Sutures Versus Suture Anchors: A Prospective Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patellar instability remains a challenging problem for orthopaedic surgeons. Recurrent patellar instability is traditionally treated with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a suture anchor or bone tunnel technique. Although the use of transosseous sutures was recently described for MPFL reconstruction, relevant clinical data have not been reported. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to compare a new transosseous suture fixation technique with the suture anchor technique for MPFL reconstruction. The hypothesis was that reconstruction with transosseous sutures would show similar clinical results to reconstruction with suture anchors. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: There were 65 patients with recurrent lateral patellar dislocations from January 2014 to December 2016 who were included in this prospective nonrandomized controlled trial. In total, 31 patients underwent MPFL reconstruction with suture anchors at the patella site (suture anchor group), while the other 34 patients underwent MPFL reconstruction with transosseous sutures (transosseous suture group). The main outcome variable (patellar redislocation) was recorded at follow-up (range, 25-60 months). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Kujala score, range of motion, congruence angle, patellar tilt, redislocation rate, and complications were collected preoperatively and/or postoperatively. RESULTS: No recurrent dislocations or other complications were observed in any of the patients. No significant differences were found at follow-up between the suture anchor and transosseous suture groups for subjective IKDC score, Kujala score, congruence angle, patellar tilt, redislocation rate, or range of motion. CONCLUSION: This short-term study showed that after MPFL reconstruction (suture anchors or transosseous sutures), patellar stability could be restored. With the numbers available, no significant differences in outcome scores were observed between patients in the transosseous suture and suture anchor groups.

Clinical Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Suture Fixation of the Gracilis Tendon via Transosseous Tunnels.

BACKGROUND: Several fixation methods have been introduced in medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. However, the optimal management of patients with recurrent patellar dislocation remains controversial. PURPOSE: To present a case series with a minimum 2-year follow-up of 29 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation who underwent a new transosseous suture fixation technique for MPFL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: From January 2014 through February 2016, a total of 29 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation for which the MPFL was reconstructed with transosseous suture patellar fixation were studied. All patients were available for follow-up (mean, 37.52 months; range, 26-48 months). The patellar attachment was fixed by transosseous patellar sutures. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, Kujala score, Tegner score, range of motion, congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, and complications were assessed both pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: No recurrent dislocation was observed in any of the 29 patients for a minimum of 2 years. All outcome scores improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively: the average IKDC subjective knee evaluation score from 53 to 87, Kujala from 54 to 90, Lysholm from 50 to 89, and Tegner from 3 to 5 (P < .001 for all). The congruence angle significantly decreased from 22° preoperatively to -3° postoperatively, and the patellar tilt angle (Merchant) decreased from 23° preoperatively to 5° postoperatively (P < .001 for both). In total, 25 patients (25/29; 86.21%) were completely pain-free when performing activities of daily living at the last follow-up, and 27 patients (93.1%) rated themselves as very satisfied or satisfied with the results. CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic recurrent patellar dislocation, transosseous patellar suture fixation for MPFL reconstruction can significantly improve patellar stability and achieve good results at short-term follow-up.