Biomass-Based Carbon-Supported Sulfate Catalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Dimethoxymethane from Direct Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether.

The synthesis of dimethoxymethane (DMM) from direct oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) is a green and competitive route with good atomic economy and low carbon emission and is also an urgent need. In this work, biomass-based carbon-supported sulfate catalysts were designed and prepared for the efficient synthesis of DMM from DME oxidation. The prepared carbon support from cellulose displayed much larger specific surface area and a developed microporous structure, which effectively benefited a high dispersion of sulfate components, leading to mainly weak acid sites and more oxygen functional groups on the catalyst surface. The Ti(SO4)2/PC-H2SO4 catalyst exhibits excellent performance for DME oxidation with DMM1-2 selectivity up to 96.7%, and DMM selectivity reaches 89.1%, notably higher than that of previously reported results. The distinctive surface structure and chemical properties of the carbon support have important impacts on the dispersion state of sulfate species, affecting the acidic and redox properties of the catalysts.

The serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2 and vWF in patients with low doses of urokinase peritoneal dialysis decreased uremia complicated with cerebral infarction.

To investigate the effect of MMP-9, MMP-2 and vWF in patients with low doses of urokinase peritoneal dialysis decreased uremia complicated with cerebral infarction. 112 cases of uremia complicated with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the peritoneal dialysate with urokinase treatment group (66 cases) and the conventional treatment group (46 cases). At the same time, 50 cases of healthy people who were more than 45 years old were enrolled in the control group. The basic treatment in both treatment groups was the same. In urokinase therapy group based on the conventional treatment, urokinase was added into peritoneal dialysis fluid, and changes of serum MMP-9, MMP-2 and vWF were observed by drawing blood at different time points within 8 weeks. The changes of serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and vWF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the time of the onset of uremia complicated with cerebral infarction patients the serum MMP-9, MMP-2, vWF were significantly higher (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01). Conventional antiplatelet therapy in brain protection only reduce MMP-9 to the normal range (P>0.05) within 8 weeks. But the MMP-2 and vWF cannot be reduced to the normal range (P<0.01, P<0.01). Low doses of urokinase can reduce MMP-9 (7 d) and MMP-2 (14 d) to the normal range (P>0.05, P>0.05) at the early stage and decrease the vWF to a normal range within 8 weeks (P>0.05). At the time of the onset of uremia complicated with cerebral infarction patients the serum MMP-9, MMP-2 and vWF increased significantly. Low doses of urokinase dialysis can reduce serum MMP-9, MMP-2, and vWF in acute uremia complicated with cerebral infarction without recurrence of cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhagic transformation, indicating that low dose of urokinase peritoneal dialysis may have a certain effect on the early treatment of this disease.

Impact of low-dose urokinase in peritoneal dialysis on serum oxidative stress, nitric oxide and endothelin in cerebral infarction complicated with uremia.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular accident is an important cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. METHODS: This study evaluated the interference of low-dose urokinase in peritoneal dialysis solution on uremic serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) dynamics in patients with a cerebral infarction complicated by uremia. RESULTS: Both the urokinase and conventional treatment groups showed decreased SOD activities, increased MDA content, and elevated serum NO and ET levels at the initiation stage of treatment. Antiplatelet and cerebral protection therapy slightly reduced body MDA content and increased SOD activity at the early stage of treatment, and its effects on reducing serum NO and ET-1 are also limited. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that a small amount of urokinase in peritoneal dialysis can reduce body MDA content, increase SOD activity and decrease serum levels of NO and ET-1 at the early stage of cerebral infarction complicated by uremia. We also found that continuous treatment for 8 weeks may provide a potential treatment of cerebral infarction complicated with uremia.

[Expression of the skeletal muscle Tx-TnT during the different developmental stages between avian broiler and Hongshan chicken].

Tropnin T (TnT) is the troponin complex subunit that most strongly binds to tropomyosin (Tm). Various TnT isoforms through alternative mRNA splicing are specifically expressed during development and/or in different muscle types, indicating that these forms have specialized functions in muscle contraction. The Tx structure has been identified in TnT isoforms specifically expressed in the breast of Galliformes and Craciformes. In the present study, monoclonal antibody 6B8 that recognizes Tx epitope was used to detect the expression of Tx-TnT isoforms during the different developmental stages of breast and leg muscles between Hongshan chicken and Avian broiler. The results confirmed that the Tx epitope is only present in the breast but not leg muscles of both chickens. The least square analysis showed the quantum of Tx-TnT expressed in the breast muscles increased during development and had significant difference (P < 0.05) between Hongshan chicken and Avian broiler. The correlations between the expression quantum of Tx-TnT and the breast muscle weight were 0.91236 for Hongshan chicken and 0.87624 for Avian broiler, respectively, and significant at 0.05 level.