Effect of compound dietary fiber of soybean hulls on the gel properties of myofibrillar protein and its mechanism in recombinant meat products.

Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum ratio of rice husk dietary fiber, soybean hull dietary fiber, and inulin as 1.40, 1.42, and 3.24%. The effects of compound and single dietary fiber on water holding capacity, gel strength, secondary structure, rheological properties, chemical action force, and microstructure of myofibrillar proteins (MP) gel were investigated. The application of composite dietary fiber significantly (P < 0.05) improved the gel strength, water holding capacity and storage modulus (G') of MP gel. Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis shows that the addition of compound dietary fiber can make the gel structure more stable. The effect of dietary fiber complex on the chemical action of MP gel was further studied, and it was found that hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bond could promote the formation of compound gel. By comparing the microstructure of the MP gel with and without dietary fiber, the results showed that the MP gel with compound dietary fiber had smaller pores and stronger structure. Therefore, the rice hull dietary fiber, the soybean hull dietary fiber and the inulin are compounded and added into the low-fat recombinant meat product in a proper proportion, so that the quality characteristics and the nutritional value of the low-fat recombinant meat product can be effectively improved, the rice hull dietary fiber has the potential of being used as a fat substitute, and a theoretical basis is provided for the development of the functional meat product.

Determination of ribose and phosphorus contents in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide by a quantitative NMR method using a single internal standard.

The ribose and phosphorus contents in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) are two important chemical indexes for the development and quality control of Hib conjugate vaccine. A quantitative 1H- and 31P-NMR method using a single internal standard was developed for simultaneous determination of ribose and phosphorus contents in Hib CPS. Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) was successfully utilized as an internal standard in quantitative 1H-NMR method for ribose content determination. The ribose and phosphorus contents were found to be affected by the concentration of polysaccharide solution. Thus, 15-20 mg·L-1 was the optimal concentration range of Hib CPS in D2O solution for determination of ribose and phosphorus contents by this method. The ribose and phosphorus contents obtained by the quantitative NMR were consistent with those obtained by traditional chemical methods. In conclusion, this quantitative 1H- and 31P-NMR method using a single internal standard shows good specificity, accuracy and precision, providing a valuable approach for the quality control of Hib glycoconjugate vaccines.

Combined LIM kinase 1 and p21-Activated kinase 4 inhibitor treatment exhibits potent preclinical antitumor efficacy in breast cancer.

LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) are often over-expressed in breast tumors, which causes aggressive cancer phenotypes and unfavorable clinical outcomes. In addition to the well-defined role in regulating cell division, proliferation and invasion, the two kinases promote activation of the MAPK pathway and cause endocrine resistance through phosphorylating estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). PAK4 specifically phosphorylates LIMK1 and its functional partners, indicating possible value of suppressing both kinases in cancers that over-express PAK4 and/or LIMK1. Here, for the first time, we assessed the impact of combining LIMK1 inhibitor LIMKi 3 and PAK4 inhibitor PF-3758309 in preclinical breast cancer models. LIMK1 and PAK4 pharmacological inhibition synergistically reduced the survival of various cancer cell lines, exhibiting specific efficacy in luminal and HER2-enriched models, and suppressed development and ERα-driven signals in a BT474 xenograft model. In silico analysis demonstrated the cell lines with reliance on LIMK1 were the most prone to be susceptible to PAK4 inhibition. Double LIMK1 and PAK4 targeting therapy can be a successful therapeutic strategy for breast cancer, with a unique efficiency in the subtypes of luminal and HER2-enriched tumors.

[Spectral properties of light migration in apple fruit tissue].

The present paper simulates laser wavelength 632 and 750 nm Gaussian beam migration in apple fruit tissue using Monte-Carlo method, and researches the spectral properties of absorption and scattering. It was shown that the special energy distribution characteristics of Gaussian beam influenced the diffusion of the laser in the tissue, the reflection, absorption and transmittance of 750 nm by tissue are lower, there are more photons interacting with tissue within the tissue, and they can more clearly reflect the information within the tissue. So, the transmission characteristics of the infrared light were relatively strong in biology tissue, which was convenient for researching biology tissue.

Berberine inhibits HEp-2 cell invasion induced by Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection.

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of berberine on Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae infection-induced HEp-2 cell invasion and explored the possible mechanisms involved in this process. C. pneumoniae infection resulted in a significant increase in HEp-2 cell invasion when compared with the control cells (P<0.01) in a Matrigel invasion assay. This enhanced cell invasion was strongly suppressed by berberine (50 µM) (P<0.01). In a cell adhesion assay, the infection-induced HEp-2 cell adhesion to Matrigel was also significantly inhibited by berberine (P<0.01). C. pneumoniae infection was found to promote HEp-2 cell migration remarkably (P<0.01), which was markedly suppressed by berberine (P<0.01) in the cell migration assays. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-9 in the infected cells and berberine did not change the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9. These data suggest that berberine inhibits C. pneumoniae infection-induced HEp-2 cell invasion through suppressing HEp-2 cell adhesion and migration, but not through changing the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9.