Two new cassane diterpenoids from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia sinensis.

Two new cassane diterpenoids, sucupiranin MN (1) and sucupiranin ML (2), together with two known compounds sucutinirane C (3) and deacetylsucutinirane C (4) were isolated from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia sinensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data, especially HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 are typical furan-type cassane derivatives with an aromatized C ring. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 1-4 at the concentration of 10 µM could inhibit the overproduction of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

[Treatment of humeral shaft fractures in children with closed reduction and external fixation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of closed reduction and minimally invasive treatment of humeral shaft fractures in children. METHODS: From July 2011 to April 2015, 39 cases of pediatric humeral shaft fractures were treated by closed reduction and external fixation, including 27 males and 12 females with a mean age of 8.6 years old ranging from 3 to 14 years old. Time from injury to the treatment was 2 h to 7 days with an average of 2.7 days. There were 6 cases of upper fracture, 21 cases of middle fracture and 12 cases of lower fracture. All children were closed injury, appeared pain, swelling, local deformity and limited mobility and other symptoms after injury. X-ray examination showed humeral shaft fracture. Neer score of shoulder joint function and HSS score of elbow joint function were used to record and analyze the pain, function and activity of shoulder and elbow joint before and after treatment. RESULTS: All the 39 cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months with a mean of 8.6 months. Two cases appeared postoperative superficial infection of the needle, and healed after dress; other cases gained good pinhole healing. There were significant differences in the pain, function and activity of the shoulder of Neer score before and after the treatment (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the pain and function of the elbow of HSS before and after treatment (P<0.05). According to the evaluation of Neer score of shoulder function, the total score was 88.82±2.50, 29 cases were excellent, 9 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. According to the evaluation of HSS score of elbow joint function evaluation, the total score was 91.51±5.09, 30 cases were excellent, 7 cases were good, 2 cases were general. CONCLUSIONS: Manual closed reduction combined with external fixation for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures in children has advantages of less trauma, definite reduction effect, reliable fixation and benefit for early functional exercise of the shoulder and elbow joint. This therapy can be used as one of clinical methods for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures in children.

[Bone setting manipulative reduction for the treatment of children's distal radioulnar fracture and dorsal dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different manipulative reduction for children's distal radioulnar fracture and dorsal dislocation. METHODS: From June 2013 to June 2014, 80 children with distal radioulnar fracture and dorsal dislocation were treated by bone setting manipulative reduction including 51 males and 29 females with an average age of 6.5 years old ranging from 3 to 14 years old. Time from injury to treatment was 1 h to 6 d, 31 cases were on the right, 49 cases were on the left. Among them, 45 cases were type I of overlapping displacement, 35 cases were type II. The displacement of the fracture was observed by clinical manifestations and X-ray examination. Under fluoroscopy, different techniques were used for reduction and fixation. After 3 weeks of over wrist fixation, the splints were overturned and fixed again for 1 to 2 weeks, then were removed. The wrist joint function was evaluated based on Dienst criteria. RESULTS: Eighty cases of fracture were successfully operated one time, all reached anatomic reduction or near anatomic reduction. Eighty children were followed up for 3 months to 1 year. All the fractures healed, and the healing time was 4 to 5 weeks with an average of 4.6 weeks. All patients removed the splint 3 months later, the results were excellent in 72 cases, good in 7 cases and fair in 1 case, the excellent and good rate was 98.75%. CONCLUSIONS: Bone setting manipulation for children's distal radioulnar fracture and dorsal dislocation can get good reduction. At 1 month after the removal of the splint, wrist function and finger strength gradually recovered and returned to normal after 3 months.