Symbiotic defect-reinforced bimetallic MOF-derived fiber components for solar-assisted atmospheric water collection.

Conversion of atmospheric water to sustainable and clean freshwater resources through MOF-based adsorbent has great potential for the renewable environmental industry. However, its daily water production is hampered by susceptibility to agglomeration, slow water evaporation efficiency, and limited water-harvesting capacity. Herein, a solar-assisted bimetallic MOF (BMOF)-derived fiber component that surmounts these limitations and exhibits both optimized water-collect capacity and short adsorption-desorption period is proposed. The proposed strategy involves utilizing bottom-up interface-induced assembly between carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube and hygroscopic BMOF on a multi-ply glass fiber support. The designed BMOF (MIL-100(Fe,Al)-3) skeleton constructed using bimetallic-node defect engineering exhibits a high specific surface area (1,535.28 m2/g) and pore volume (0.76 cm3/g), thereby surpassing the parent MOFs and other reported MOFs in capturing moisture. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure of fiber rods and the solar-driven self-heating interface of photothermal layer, the customized BMOF crystals realize efficient loading and optimized water adsorption-desorption kinetics. As a result, the resultant fiber components achieve six adsorption-desorption cycles per day and an impressive water collection of 1.45 g/g/day under medium-high humidity outdoor conditions. Therefore, this work will provide new ideas for optimizing the daily yield of atmospheric water harvesting techniques.

A Functionally Asymmetric Janus Hygro-Photothermal Hybrid for Atmospheric Water Harvesting in Arid Regions.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are high-performance adsorbents for atmospheric water harvesting but have poor water-desorption ability, requiring excess energy input to release the trapped water. Addressing this issue, a Janus-structured adsorbent with functional asymmetry is presented. The material exhibits contrasting functionalities on either face - a hygroscopic face interfaced with a photothermal face. Hygroscopic aluminum fumarate MOF and photothermal CuxS layers are in-situ grown on opposite sides of a Cu/Al bimetallic substrate, resulting in a CuxS-Cu/Al-MOF Janus hygro-photothermal hybrid. The two faces serve as independent "factories" for photothermal conversion and water adsorption-desorption respectively, while the interfacing bimetallic layer serves as a "heat conveyor belt" between them. Due to the high porosity and hydrophilicity of the MOF, the hybrid exhibits a water-adsorption capacity of 0.161 g g-1 and a fast adsorption rate (saturation within 52 min) at 30% relative humidity. Thanks to the photothermal CuxS, the hybrid can reach 71.5 °C under 1 Sun in 20 min and desorb 97% adsorbed water in 40 min, exhibiting a high photothermal conversion efficiency of over 90%. CuxS-Cu/Al-MOF exhibits minimal fluctuations after 200 cycles, and its water-generation capacity is 3.21 times that of powdery MOF in 3 h in a self-designed prototype in one cycle.

A hierarchical carbon foam-hosted Co2P nanoparticles monolithic electrode for ampere-level and super-durable electrocatalytic hydrogen production.

In this work, we develop a hierarchical carbon foam-based monolithic electrode (Co2P@HCF) from Co2+-adsorbed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge via the successive carbonization and phosphorization. Owing to the 3D hierarchical porous structure, excellent electrolyte wettability, good mechanical strength, and intimate embedding of highly dispersed Co2P nanoparticles, the Co2P@HCF electrode delivers a high current density of 1.0 A cm-2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at ultralow overpotentials of 189.6 and 218.6 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH solutions, respectively, with remarkable durability for 100 h.

A Cu hollow fiber with coaxially grown Bi nanosheet arrays as an integrated gas-penetrable electrode enables high current density and durable formate electrosynthesis.

While high current density formate (HCOO-) electrosynthesis from CO2 reduction has been achieved in a flow cell assembly, the inevitable flooding and salt precipitation of traditional gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) severely limit the overall energy efficiency and stability. In this work, an integrated gas-penetrable electrode (GPE) for HCOO- electrosynthesis was developed by coaxially growing vertically aligned high density Bi nanosheet arrays on a porous Cu hollow fiber (Bi NSAs@Cu HF) via controllable galvanic replacement. The interior porous Cu HF serves as a robust gas-penetrable and conductive host for continuously delivering CO2 gas to surface-anchored Bi NSAs, resulting in numerous well-balanced triphase active interfaces for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The most active Bi NSAs@Cu HF GPE exhibits a high HCOO- faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO-) of over 80% in a wide potential window (330 mV) with a linearly increased partial current density (jHCOO-) up to -261.6 mA cm-2 at -1.11 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The Bi NSAs@Cu HF GPE also sustains a FEHCOO- of >80% at a high total current density of -300 mA cm-2, corresponding to a jHCOO- of >-240 mA cm-2, for more than 60 h. This work provides new perspectives on designing efficient and durable integrated GPEs for a sustainable CO2RR on a large scale.

Exosomes derived from bladder epithelial cells infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli increase the severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by impairing macrophage function.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. Moreover, as one of the most common bacterial pathogens, UPEC imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Epithelial cells and macrophages are two major components of the innate immune system, which play critical roles in defending the bladder against UPEC invasion. Yet, the routes of communication between these cells during UTI pathogenesis are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of membrane-bound nanovesicles (exosomes) in the communication between bladder epithelial cells and macrophages during UPEC infection, using an array of techniques such as flow cytometry, miRNA profiling, RNA sequencing, and western blotting. Moreover, our in vitro findings were validated in a mouse model of UPEC-induced cystitis. We found that UPEC infection induced the bladder epithelial MB49 cell line to secrete large numbers of exosomes (MB49-U-Exo), which were efficiently absorbed by macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Assimilation of MB49-U-Exo induced macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. Exposure of macrophages to MB49-U-Exo reduced their phagocytic activity (by downregulating the expression of phagocytosis-related genes) and increased their rate of apoptosis. Mechanistically, we showed that MB49-U-Exo were enriched in miR-18a-5p, which induced TNFα expression in macrophages by targeting PTEN and activating the MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, administration of the exosome secretion inhibitor GW4869 or a TNFα-neutralizing antibody alleviated UPEC-mediated tissue damage in mice with UPEC-induced cystitis by reducing the bacterial burden of the bladder and dampening the associated inflammatory response. Collectively, these findings suggest that MB49-U-Exo regulate macrophage function in a way that exacerbates UPEC-mediated tissue impairment. Thus, targeting exosomal -release or TNFα signaling during UPEC infection may represent promising non-antibiotic strategies for treating UTIs.

An in situ exsolved Cu-based electrocatalyst from an intermetallic Cu5Si compound for efficient CH4 electrosynthesis.

A Cu-based electrocatalyst (e-Cu5Si) is developed by in situ exsolving ultrathin SiOx layer-coated CuO/Cu nanoparticles (<100 nm) on the surface of a conductive intermetallic Cu5Si parent. This specially designed e-Cu5Si catalyst exhibits high performance for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), which affords an excellent CH4 faradaic efficiency (FE) of 49.0% with partial current density of over 140.1 mA cm-2 at -1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in a flow cell, with outstanding stability. The strongly coupled multiphase interfaces among the SiOx layer, CuO/Cu species, and substrate contribute to fast interfacial electron transfer for the CO2RR. Moreover, in situ Raman analysis suggests that the ultrathin SiOx layer simultaneously stabilizes the active Cu1+ species and promotes the protonation of *CO to form *CHxO, thereby greatly improving overall selectivity and activity of CH4 production.

Water-soluble fullerenol-mediated electron transfer in molecular systems toward enhanced solar hydrogen production.

We present here that visible-light-induced electron transfer from an excited dye to an in situ generated Pt cocatalyst can be promoted by employing water-soluble fullerenol (C60(OH)24) as an electron mediator, and as a result, the fullerenol-based molecular system shows a 3 times higher H2 evolution activity than C60(OH)24-free system.

[Dumai moxibustion combined with low-dose tadalafil for erectile dysfunction: Evaluation of therapeutic effect].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of dumai (governor meridian) moxibustion combined with low-dose tadalafil in the treatment of ED with decline of vital gate fire. METHODS: We enrolled in this study 130 ED patients with decline of vital gate fire who met the inclusion criteria and equally randomized them into a control and an experimental group, the former treated with low-dose tadalafil tablets at 5 mg once a day while the latter by dumai moxibustion once a week in addition, all for 4 weeks. Of the total number of subjects, 62 in the control group and 63 in the experimental group completed the experiment. We recorded the scores on IIEF-5, Erection Quality Scale (EQS), Erection Hardness Scale (EHS), TCM symptoms and Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS) as well as the penile hemodynamic parameters peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) before and after treatment and compared them between the two groups. RESULTS: The total response rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control (87.30% vs 66.13%, P < 0.05). IIEF-5, EQS, EHS and TSS scores, PSV and RI were markedly increased while TCM symptoms and EDV remarkably decreased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05), even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dumai moxibustion combined with low-dose tadalafil can improve erectile function, increase penile blood flow velocity and alleviate clinical symptoms in ED patients with decline of vital gate fire, with definite clinical effect and safety.

Bimetallic MOF-Derived Solar-Triggered Monolithic Adsorbent for Enhanced Atmospheric Water Harvesting.

The development of economical, energy-saving, and efficient metal-organic framework (MOF)-based adsorbents for atmospheric water collection is highly imperative for the rapid advancement of renewable freshwater resource exploitation. Herein, a feasible one-step solvothermal formation strategy of bimetallic MOF (BMOF) is proposed and applied to construct a solar-triggered monolithic adsorbent for enhanced atmospheric water collection. Benefiting from the reorganization and adjustment of topology structure by Al atoms and Fe atoms, the resultant BMOF(3) consisting of Al-fumarate and MIL-88A has a higher specific surface area (1202.99 m2  g-1 ) and pore volume (0.51 cm3  g-1 ), thereby outperforming the parental MOFs and other potential MOFs in absorbing water. Expanding upon this finding, the solar-triggered monolithic adsorbent is further developed through a bottom-up assembly of polyaniline/chitosan layers and hybridized BMOF(3) skeletons on a glass fiber support. The resultant monolithic adsorbent exhibits superior sorption-desorption kinetics, leading to directional water transport and rapid solar-assisted vapor diffusion. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, an exquisite water harvester is constructed to emphasize a high water yield of 1.19 g g-1 per day of the designed monolithic adsorbent. Therefore, the design and validation of bimetallic MOF-derived solar-triggered adsorbent in this work are expected to provide a reference for the large-scale applications of MOF-based atmospheric water harvesting.

Lignin as a quasi-homogenous electron mediator enables efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution in molecular systems.

We report that the biomass-derived lignosulfonate (LS) can function as a quasi-homogenous electron mediator to efficiently promote the electron transfer from the excited erythrosin B (ErB) to the in situ generated Pt cocatalyst under visible light, thus enhancing the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity by over 10 fold as compared to the LS-free system.

θ-[Mo8O26]4--based multifunctional hybrid material for high catalytic performance on the cycloaddition of CO2, esterification and knoevenagel condensation.

Developing materials with excellent properties has become the norm in the field of basic research, prompting us to explore highly robust hybrid materials based on electron-rich POMs and electron-deficient MOFs. Herein, a θ-[Mo8O26]4--based hybrid material of [Cu2(BPPP)2]{θ-[Mo8O26]} (NUC-62) with excellent physicochemical stability was self-assembled under acidic solvothermal conditions from Na2MoO4 and CuCl2 in the presence of a designed chelated ligand of 1,3-bis(3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl)propane (BPPP), which has sufficient coordination sites, spatial self-regulation and great deformation ability. In NUC-62, each of two tetra-coordinated CuII ions and two BPPP are unified into one dinuclear unit serving as the cation, which is interactively linked to θ-[Mo8O26]4- anions via rich hydrogen bonds of C-H⋯O. Because of the unsaturated Lewis acidic CuII sites, NUC-62 exhibits high catalytic performance on the cycloaddition reactions of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions with a high turnover number and turnover frequency. Furthermore, NUC-62, as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, shows high catalytic activity for the esterification of aromatic acid under refluxing, which is much better than the inorganic acid catalyst of H2SO4 in terms of turnover number and turnover frequency. Moreover, because of open metal sites and rich terminal oxygen atoms, NUC-62 shows high catalytic activity for Knoevenagel condensation reactions of aldehydes and malononitrile. Hence, this study lays the groundwork for constructing heterometallic cluster-based microporous MOFs with excellent Lewis acidic catalysis and chemical stability. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for the construction of functional polyoxometalate complexes.

In situ self-exsolved ultrasmall Fe2P quantum dots from attapulgite nanofibers as superior cocatalysts for solar hydrogen evolution.

Developing highly active, stable, and cost-efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution is pivotal in the area of renewable energy conversion. Herein, we present a straightforward, low-temperature phosphidation strategy for in situ exsolving doped Fe ions from natural attapulgite (ATP) nanofibers into a supported Fe2P cocatalyst for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER). The resulting Fe2P QDs/ATP features highly dispersed Fe2P QDs with an average size of <2 nm and a strong interfacial interaction between self-exsolved Fe2P QDs and the ATP substrate, thus providing ample and stable active sites for the photocatalytic HER. When employed as a cocatalyst, Fe2P QDs/ATP exhibits superior catalytic activity and notable stability in a molecular system with low-cost xanthene dyes as the photosensitizer under visible light irradiation. More importantly, Fe2P QDs/ATP can also efficiently and stably catalyze the photocatalytic HER when simply combined with various semiconductor photocatalysts (g-C3N4, TiO2, and CdS). This strategy of exsolving transition metal ions from substrates is an effective yet simple approach for the development of highly active supported HER cocatalysts for renewable and clean energy conversion.

Incorporating paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules with abundant surface hydroxyl groups into polydimethylsiloxane to develop composites with enhanced interfacial heat conductance for chip heat dissipation.

Incorporating phase change capsules into polymeric matrices is an effective approach for developing flexible composites with both heat storage capacity and good thermal reliability, while the interfacial heat conductance between the capsules and the matrix has seldom been considered. Herein, paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules synthesized by an interfacial polycondensation process using a basic catalyst were incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix for the first time to prepare phase change composites at different loadings. Furthermore, the composites containing the nanocapsules were systematically compared with the composites containing the paraffin@SiO2 microcapsules synthesized using an acidic catalyst. It is shown that, at every identical mass fraction, the composites containing the nanocapsules not only possessed larger latent heat than those containing the microcapsules, but also exhibited higher thermal conductivity and lower hardness. The enhancement in thermal conductivity as well as the decline in hardness for the composite containing the nanocapsules are revealed to originate from a larger amount of hydroxyl groups at the surfaces of the nanocapsules than the microcapsules, which could form more hydrogen bonds with the polymer matrix. This bonding favored the interfacial heat conductance between the nanocapsules and the matrix together with decreasing the crosslinking density of the matrix. Subsequently, composites with enhanced thermal conductivity were developed by combining the nanocapsules with a BN filler. By evaluating the performance for chip heat dissipation, it was found that, when the chip was heated at a power of 10 W, the incorporation of the paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules at a loading of 36 wt% into the polymer matrix made a remarkable decrease in the chip equilibrium temperature by 31.7 °C, and a further decline by 8.9 °C occurred when combined with 16 wt% BN. This work sheds light on facilitating the interfacial heat conductance between phase change capsules and the polymer matrix by hydrogen bonding.

Boosting CO2 electroreduction on a Zn electrode via concurrent surface reconstruction and interfacial surfactant modification.

Herein, we report an effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) performance of a Zn foil electrode via concurrent surface reconstruction and interfacial surfactant modification. The oxide-derived and CTAB-modified Zn electrode (OD-Zn-CTAB) prepared by electrochemically reducing the air-annealed Zn foil electrode in the presence of CTAB exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for CO production with a CO partial current density (jCO) of 8.2 mA cm-2 and a CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 90% at -1.0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), greatly outperforming the pristine Zn foil (FECO = 32.0%; jCO = 0.5 mA cm-2) and OD-Zn (FECO = 77.6%; jCO = 5.0 mA cm-2) obtained by electroreduction of annealed Zn. The greatly enhanced CO2RR performance of OD-Zn-CTAB can be attributed to the increased number of active sites originating from the surface reconstruction and the formation of a favorable CTAB-modified electrode/electrolyte (E/E) interface that can efficiently adsorb and activate CO2 while inhibiting the competitive H2 evolution reaction.

Cellular nanomechanics derived from pattern-dependent focal adhesion and cytoskeleton to balance gene transfection of malignant osteosarcoma.

Gene transfection was supposed to be the most promising technology to overcome the vast majority of diseases and it has been popularly reported in clinical applications of gene therapy. In spite of the rapid development of novel transfection materials and methods, the influence of morphology-dependent nanomechanics of malignant osteosarcoma on gene transfection is still unsettled. In this study, cell spreading and adhesion area was adjusted by the prepared micropatterns to regulate focal adhesion (FA) formation and cytoskeletal organization in osteosarcoma cells. The micropattern-dependent FA and cytoskeleton could induce different cellular nanomechanics to affect cell functions. Our results indicated that transfection efficiency was improved with enlarging FA area and cell nanomechanics in micropatterned osteosarcoma. The difference of gene transfection in micropatterned cells was vigorously supported by cellular internalization capacity, Ki67 proliferation ability and YAP mechanotranduction through the regulation of focal adhesion and cytoskeletal mechanics. This study is an attempt to disclose the relationship of cell nanomechanics and gene transfection for efficient gene delivery and develop multifunctional nanomedicine biomaterials for accurate gene therapy in osteosarcoma cells.

Facilitating charge transfer through an atomic coherent interface of a novel direct Z-scheme BiVO4@Cu3SnS4 heterojunction to boost photocatalytic performance.

Direct Z-scheme photocatalytic systems are very promising composite photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic performance is highly associated with the quality of the interface within them. Herein, a novel direct Z-scheme heterojunction with a coherent interface has been presented for the first time. Specifically, the heterojunction was constructed by dispersing pre-prepared BiVO4 crystals into the reaction system to synthesize Cu3SnS4, followed by a hydrothermal reaction. It is shown that Cu3SnS4 was deposited on the surface of each pre-prepared BiVO4 crystal as a thin layer via heterogeneous nucleation to acquire a core-shell heterojunction. The BiVO4@Cu3SnS4 heterojunction was found to possess an atomic coherent interface, which is formed through the bonding between the (121) plane of BiVO4 and the (112) plane of Cu3SnS4, originating from the matching in the crystalline lattice between the two planes. The coherent interface facilitated the charge transfer from Cu3SnS4 to BiVO4 owing to the difference in their Fermi levels, thereby forming a built-in electric field pointing from Cu3SnS4 to BiVO4. Reduced fluorescence emission and a shortened carrier lifetime reveal an obvious reduction in the inter-band charge recombination for the optimal BVO@CTS-0.19 sample. Consequently, BVO@CTS-0.19 shows remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance in MO degradation, Cr6+ reduction and oxygen evolution. The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism for BVO@CTS-0.19 was verified by a suite of techniques. This work provides a universal strategy for building a coherent interface to develop high-performance direct Z-scheme heterojunctions.

Ni single atoms supported on hierarchically porous carbonized wood with highly active Ni-N4 sites as a self-supported electrode for superior CO2 electroreduction.

Powdery N-doped carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) can be prepared on a large scale and are highly selective in converting CO2 to CO, but their practical application is restricted by their powdery texture. Herein, we report Ni single atoms supported on hierarchically porous N-doped carbonized wood (Ni SAs-NCW) as a self-supported electrode for efficient and durable CO2 electroreduction. The porous NCW matrix possesses an abundance of open aligned microchannels that allow unimpeded CO2 diffusion and electrolyte transportation while the uniformly dispersed Ni SAs in the NCW matrix in the Ni-N4 configuration afford ample highly active sites for CO2 electroreduction. This Ni SAs-NCW electrode exhibits a high CO2-to-CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 92.1% and a CO partial current density (jCO) of 11.4 mA cm-2 at -0.46 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains a stable FECO and jCO over a period of 9 h of electrolysis. This work provides an effective strategy to develop efficient SACs with potential to be integrated into flow cell systems for large-scale CO2 reduction.

Ni2P nanowire arrays grown on Ni foam as an efficient monolithic cocatalyst for visible light dye-sensitized H2 evolution.

Nanostructured H2 evolution cocatalysts are able to promote charge separation and thus enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER). However, the nanosized cocatalyst particles are easily detached from the surfaces of semiconductors or severely aggregated in reaction systems, which not only greatly reduces the photocatalytic HER efficiency during long-term use but also greatly increases the difficulty of recovery. Moreover, powdery cocatalysts have poor compatibility with the scale-up photoelectrochemical devices. In this paper, a monolithic cocatalyst is developed by controllably growing Ni2P nanowire arrays on Ni foam substrate (Ni2P NWAs/NF) via a direct vapor-phase phosphorization method. The grown Ni2P NWAs with high specific surface areas can not only offer ample active sites for the HER, but also serve as scaffolds for anchoring dye molecules to maximize the light utilization efficiency, which endows the Ni2P NWAs/NF monolithic cocatalyst with excellent HER activity. When sensitized with Erythrosin B (ErB) in triethanolamine (TEOA) solution, the turnover number (TON) of H2 evolution based on ErB reaches 9.7 in 5 h under visible light. Notably, the good structural integrity and inherent magnetism enable the Ni2P NWAs/NF to be easily separated from the reaction solution and excellent catalytic H2 evolution stability over a 45 h cycling reaction. This work presents a new strategy of fabricating monolithic cocatalysts with controllable microstructure and functionalities as well as high activity, durability, and device-compatibility for large-scale solar energy conversion applications.

A Shorter-Bout of HIIT Is More Effective to Promote Serum BDNF and VEGF-A Levels and Improve Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Men.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with different duration on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels and cognitive function in healthy young men. Methods: Twelve healthy young men were participated in two HIIT treatments (20 min HIIT and 30 min HIIT) in a random order. BDNF, VEGF-A, cortisol, testosterone, blood lactic acid were measured and cognitive function was assessed by Stroop test (CWST) and Digital Span test (DST) before, immediately after, and 30 min after HIIT. Results: 20 and 30 min HIIT increased BLa (both p < 0.01), cortisol (20 min HIIT: p < 0.05; 30 min HIIT: p < 0.01), and testosterone (both p < 0.05) levels immediately when compared with their baselines. While BLa and cortisol were significantly higher in 30 min HIIT group than in 20 min HIIT group. Moreover, BDNF concentration (p < 0.01), DST-F (p < 0.01) and DST-B (p < 0.05) were increased and response time of Stroop was decreased immediately after HIIT only in 20 min HIIT group. VEGF-A concentration was increased immediately after HIIT in both groups (p < 0.01), but after 30 min recovery, it was returned to the baseline in the 20 min HIIT group and was lower than the baseline in 30 min HIIT group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Twenty minutes HIIT is more effective than 30 minutes HIIT for promoting serum levels of BDNF and VEGF-A as well as cognitive function in healthy young men.

From pure water to hydrogen peroxide on a novel 2,5,8-triamino-tri-s-triazine (melem)-derived photocatalyst with a high apparent quantum efficiency.

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is a green process but remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel photocatalyst with high activity for H2O2 production, is developed based on 2,5,8-triamino-tri-s-triazine (melem) by linking it with 2, 3-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride (NDA). The obtained melem/NDA hybrid not only exhibited narrowed band gap and obviously enhanced visible light absorption, but also showed reduced charge recombination originated from its spatial distribution in HOMO and LUMO induced by the introduction of NDA as verified by DFT calculations. More significantly, the sufficient LUMO and HOMO positions for the optimal sample, melem/NDA0.5, ensured efficient H2O2 production from pure water via both the oxygen reduction reactions mainly through the two-step one-electron path and the water oxidation reaction through the one-step two-electron path. Consequently, melem/NDA0.5 achieves an apparent quantum efficiency of as high as 6.9 % at 420 nm. This work sheds light on developing high-performance organic photocatalysts for boosting photocatalytic H2O2 production.