Mining the Micro-Trajectory of Two-Wheeled Non-Motorized Vehicles Based on the Improved YOLOx.

Two-wheeled non-motorized vehicles (TNVs) have become the primary mode of transportation for short-distance travel among residents in many underdeveloped cities in China due to their convenience and low cost. However, this trend also brings corresponding risks of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the driving behavior characteristics of TNVs through their trajectory data in order to provide guidance for traffic safety. Nevertheless, the compact size, agile steering, and high maneuverability of these TNVs pose substantial challenges in acquiring high-precision trajectories. These characteristics complicate the tracking and analysis processes essential for understanding their movement patterns. To tackle this challenge, we propose an enhanced You Only Look Once Version X (YOLOx) model, which incorporates a median pooling-Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism (M-CBAM). This model is specifically designed for the detection of TNVs, and aims to improve accuracy and efficiency in trajectory tracking. Furthermore, based on this enhanced YOLOx model, we have developed a micro-trajectory data mining framework specifically for TNVs. Initially, the paper establishes an aerial dataset dedicated to the detection of TNVs, which then serves as a foundational resource for training the detection model. Subsequently, an augmentation of the Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism (CBAM) is introduced, integrating median pooling to amplify the model's feature extraction capabilities. Subsequently, additional detection heads are integrated into the YOLOx model to elevate the detection rate of small-scale targets, particularly focusing on TNVs. Concurrently, the Deep Sort algorithm is utilized for the precise tracking of vehicle targets. The process culminates with the reconstruction of trajectories, which is achieved through a combination of video stabilization, coordinate mapping, and filtering denoising techniques. The experimental results derived from our self-constructed dataset reveal that the enhanced YOLOx model demonstrates superior detection performance in comparison to other analogous methods. The comprehensive framework accomplishes an average trajectory recall rate of 85% across three test videos. This significant achievement provides a reliable method for data acquisition, which is essential for investigating the micro-level operational mechanisms of TNVs. The results of this study can further contribute to the understanding and improvement of traffic safety on mixed-use roads.

The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells is involved in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, chronic liver disease worldwide. Recent studies have shown that T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells play critical roles in various disorders of liver inflammation. Here, we explored the value of polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (PPC) for regulating the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in the pathogenesis of mice with NAFLD. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows:normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HF),and HF plus PPC(HF + PPC). The frequencies of splenic Th17 and Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry, and their related cytokines were analyzed by CBA and real-time PCR. RESULTS: At the end of 24 weeks, mice in the HF group had a higher frequency of intrahepatic Th17 cells,and a lower proportion of Treg cells compared with the ND group. The levels of Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23) in serum and in liver tisse were increased,and the hepatic mRNA levels of RORγt, STAT3 and IL-6 were also increased. By contrast,the FoxP3 mRNA level was decreased in the HF group. Moreover, significant pathological and biochemical changes in the liver, as well as serum biochemical changes, were found in mice with NAFLD. Interestingly, following treatment with PPC, the levels of liver inflammation,frequencies of Th17/Treg cells and associated cytokines,and biochemical data were significantly altered. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate a critical role for PPC in partially attenuating liver inflammatory responses in mice with NAFLD that involves the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells and associated cytokines.

[Effects of shuxuening injection on the levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Shuxuening Injection (SI) on the levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with acute exacerbated COPD were randomly assigned to the treatment group (39 cases) and the control group (40 cases). Routine therapies for COPD were given to patients in the control group, while 15 mL SI was given to those in the treatment group by intravenous dripping, twice daily for total 14 days. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were detected by Spirometer. The FEV1/FVC (%) and the FEV1% were calculated. The levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected using ELISA before and after treatment, and compared with 20 healthy subjects as the control. RESULTS: The FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC (%), and FEV1% were significantly improved after treatment in the treatment group when compared with before treatment and with the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). When compared with before treatment and with the control group, the levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 decreased more significantly in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.01). Correlation analyses showed that obvious negative correlation existed between the levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and FEV1/FVC (%) (r = -0.677, -0.629, P < 0.01). Obvious negative correlation existed between the levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and FEV1% (r = -0.562, -0.661, P < 0.01). Furthermore, obvious negative correlation also existed between the ratio of MMP-9/ TIMP-1 and FEV1%, as well as FEV1/FVC (%) (r = -0.732, -0.891, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SI could improve the pulmonary ventilation function of acute exacerbated COPD patients. One of its mechanisms might be correlated with lowering the serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, and correcting the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1.

[The protective effect of shenfu injection on myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Panax Ginseng (PG), Aconitum Carmichaeli (AC), and their combination (PG-AC) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Rat's ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 240 min. Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups, the sham operation group, the model group, the three treated groups. The three treated groups were treated with PG, AC and PG-AC respectively by given the drugs 10 min before ischemia reperfusion, and to the sham operation group and the model group, saline was given instead. The infarction area, pathologic changes of myocardial tissue (under light and electron microscopy), activity of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in myocardial tissue were observed to evaluate the protective effect of treatment. RESULTS: The area of acute myocardial infarction was lesser, activity of LDH and CK were lower in the three treated groups than those in the model group. Content of SOD was significantly higher and that of MDA was markedly lower in the former three than those in the model group. Light and electron microscopic examination showed that the necrotic degeneration and pathologic changes of myocardiocytes in the treated groups were significantly milder than that of the model group. As comparing the effect between the three treated groups, PG-AC showed the best, and insignificant difference was shown between PG and AC. CONCLUSION: Both PG and AC, and their combination have obviously protective effects on myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury, which of PG-AC is superior to that of PG or AC used singly.