Tether-entangled conjugated helices.

A new design concept, tether-entangled conjugated helices (TECHs), is introduced for helical polyaromatic molecules. TECHs consist of a linear polyaromatic ladder backbone and periodically entangling tethers with the same planar chirality. By limiting the length of tether, all tethers synchronously bend and twist the backbone with the same manner, and change it into a helical ribbon with a determinate helical chirality. The 3D helical features are customizable via modular synthesis by using two types of synthons, the planar chiral tethering unit (C 2 symmetry) and the docking unit (C 2h symmetry), and no post chiral resolution is needed. Moreover, TECHs possess persistent chiral properties due to the covalent locking of helical configuration by tethers. Concave-type and convex-type oligomeric TECHs are prepared as a proof-of-concept. Unconventional double-helix π-dimers are observed in the single crystals of concave-type TECHs. Theoretical studies indicate the smaller binding energies in double-helix π-dimers than conventional planar π-dimers. A concentration-depend emission is found for concave-type TECHs, probably due to the formation of double-helix π-dimers in the excited state. All TECHs show strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with dissymmetric factors (|g lum|) generally over 10-3. Among them, the (P)-T4-tBu shows the highest |g lum| of 1.0 × 10-2 and a high CPL brightness of 316 M-1 cm-1.

Towards Stable Helical Structures with Enhanced Molecular Conductance by Strengthening Through-Space Conjugation.

Developing long-chain molecules with stable helical structures is of significant importance for understanding and modulating the properties and functions of helical biological macromolecules, but challenging. In this work, an effective and facile approach to stabilize folded helical structures by strengthening through-space conjugation is proposed, using new ortho-hexaphenylene (o-HP) derivatives as models. The structure-activity relationship between the through-space conjugation and charge-transport behavior of the prepared folded helical o-HP derivatives is experimentally and theoretically investigated. It is demonstrated that the through-space conjugation within o-HP derivatives can be strengthened by introducing electron-withdrawing pyridine and pyrazine rings, which can effectively stabilize the helical structures of o-HP derivatives. Moreover, scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction measurements reveal that the stable regular helical structures of o-HP derivatives open-up dominant through-space charge-transport pathways, and the single-molecule conductance is enhanced by more than 70 % by strengthening through-space conjugation with pyridine and pyrazine. However, the through-bond charge transport pathways contribute much less to the conductance of o-HP derivatives. These results not only provide a new method for exploring stable helical molecules, but also provide a stepping stone for deciphering and modulating the charge-transport behavior of helical systems at the single-molecule level.

Phototherapeutic applications of benzophenone-containing NIR-emitting photosensitizers based on different receptor modulations.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a crucial role in treating cancer and major infectious diseases. However, the hypoxic microenvironment and deep-seated tumors often compromise the effectiveness of photosensitizers (PSs). PSs primarily generate type-II reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are limited under hypoxic conditions. Pyridinium salts frequently exhibit critical dark toxicity in vitro. Moreover, PDT alone often fails to achieve optimal anti-tumor effects compared to its combined application with photothermal therapy (PTT). To address these issues, we replaced pyridinium with quinolinium, significantly reducing dark toxicity. Additionally, the incorporation of benzophenone enhanced ROS generation, achieving a synergistic effect of type-I and type-II PDT. Fine-tuning the conjugated structure enhanced the donor-acceptor (D-A) intensity, while the stretching vibrations of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-nitrogen triple bonds red-shifted the excitation wavelength to the near-infrared (NIR) region and improved the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). This strategy provides a molecular design approach for achieving synergy between PDT and PTT. The synthesized four NIR-emitting aggregation-induced emission quinolinium salts exhibited mitochondrial targeting ability and low dark toxicity. Among them, FCN-TPAQ-BP showed excellent ROS generation capability, a PCE of 39.2%, good biocompatibility, and low dark toxicity, making it an ideal candidate for enhancing PDT's antitumor efficacy.

Molecular Engineering Towards Efficient Aggregation-Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens as Emitters and Sensitizers for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Exploring efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence materials having maximum external quantum efficiencies (ηext,maxs) exceeding 30 % for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) still remains challenging because it generally requires efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL), and large optical out-coupling efficiency (Φout) simultaneously. Herein, two green aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) luminogens, named XTCz-2 and XTCz-3, are designed and constructed by using xanthone (XT) as electron acceptor and phenylcarbazole-substituted carbazole as donors. XTCz-2 and XTCz-3 exhibit distinguished advantages of high thermal stability (439-560 °C), excellent ΦPLs (84-88 %) and fast RISC rates (1.9×105-4.2×105 s-1), and prefer horizontal dipole orientation and thus have high Φouts. Consequently, they can achieve the state-of-the-art electroluminescence (EL) performances with ηext,maxs of up to 35.0 %. Moreover, XTCz-3 is selected as a sensitizer for sky-blue multi-resonance delayed fluorescence emitter in hyperfluorescence OLEDs, providing narrow EL spectra and excellent ηext,maxs of up to 33.8 % with low efficiency roll-offs. The splendid comprehensive performances demonstrate the significant application potential of these AIDF luminogens as both light-emitting materials and sensitizers for OLEDs.

Robust Sandwich-Structured Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules Utilizing 11,12-Dihydroindolo[2,3-a]carbazole as Bridge.

Constructing folded molecular structures is emerging as a promising strategy to develop efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Most folded TADF materials have V-shaped configurations formed by donors and acceptors linked on carbazole or fluorene bridges. In this work, a facile molecular design strategy is proposed for exploring sandwich-structured molecules, and a series of novel and robust TADF materials with regular U-shaped sandwich conformations are constructed by using 11,12-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]carbazole as bridge, xanthone as acceptor, and dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, 9-phenylcarbazole and indolo[3,2,1-JK]carbazole as donors. They hold outstanding thermal stability with ultrahigh decomposition temperatures (556-563 °C), and exhibit fast delayed fluorescence and excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (86 %-97 %). The regular and close stacking of acceptor and donors results in rigidified molecular structures with efficient through-space interaction, which are conducive to suppressing intramolecular motion and reducing reorganized excited-state energy. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using them as emitters exhibit excellent electroluminescence performances, with maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 30.6 %, which is a leading value for the OLEDs based on folded TADF emitters. These results demonstrate the proposed strategy of employing 11,12-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]carbazole as bridge for planar donors and acceptors to construct efficient folded TADF materials is applicable.

Highly efficient pure-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on rationally designed heterocyclic phenophosphazinine-containing emitters.

Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorophores have been actively studied for high-resolution photonic applications due to their exceptional color purity. However, these compounds encounter challenges associated with the inefficient spin-flip process, compromising device performance. Herein, we report two pure-blue emitters based on an organoboron multi-resonance core, incorporating a conformationally flexible donor, 10-phenyl-5H-phenophosphazinine 10-oxide (or sulfide). This design concept selectively modifies the orbital type of high-lying excited states to a charge transfer configuration while simultaneously providing the necessary conformational freedom to enhance the density of excited states without sacrificing color purity. We show that the different embedded phosphorus motifs (phosphine oxide/sulfide) of the donor can finely tune the electronic structure and conformational freedom, resulting in an accelerated spin-flip process through intense spin-vibronic coupling, achieving over a 20-fold increase in the reverse intersystem crossing rate compared to the parent multi-resonance emitter. Utilizing these emitters, we achieve high-performance pure-blue organic light-emitting diodes, showcasing a top-tier external quantum efficiency of 37.6% with reduced efficiency roll-offs. This proposed strategy not only challenges the conventional notion that flexible electron-donors are undesirable for constructing narrowband emitters but also offer a pathway for designing efficient narrow-spectrum blue organic light-emitting diodes.

Integration of Wallach's Rule into Intermolecular Charge Transfer: A Visual Strategy for Chiral Purification.

Exploring the molecular packing and interaction between chiral molecules, no matter single enantiomer or racemates, is important for recognition and resolution of chiral drugs. However, sensitive and non-destructive analysis methods are lacking. Herein, an intermolecular-charge transfer (ICT) based spectroscopy is reported to reveal the differences in interaction between the achiral acceptor 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) and the chiral donors, including S, R, and racemic naproxen (S/R/rac-NAP). In this process, S-NAP+TCNB and R-NAP+TCNB display a narrower band gap attributed to the newly formed ICT state. In contrast, the mixed rac-NAP and TCNB exhibit almost no significant change due to the strong affinity between the stereoisomers according to the Wallach's rule. Thus, S/R-NAP can be easily distinguished from rac-NAP based on significantly different optical behavior. The single crystal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation of naproxen confirm the importance of carboxyl for this differentiation in molecular packing and interaction. In addition, the esterification derivatization of naproxen achieves the manipulation of the intermolecular interaction model of racemates from the absolute Wallach's rule to a coexisting form of Wallach's rule and ICT. Further, visualized chiral purification of naproxen by the simple cocrystallization method is achieved through the collaboration of ICT and Wallach's rule.

Promising interlayer sensitization strategy for the construction of high-performance blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs.

Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials are promising candidates for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrow electroluminescence (EL) spectra. Current researches focus on fabricating hyperfluorescence OLEDs to improve EL efficiencies of MR-TADF emitters by co-doping them with TADF sensitizers in a single host layer. However, in many cases, the polarity of the single host could be not suitable for both blue MR-TADF emitters and blue TADF sensitizers, resulting in broadened EL spectra in high-polar hosts or decreased EL efficiencies in low-polar hosts. Herein, we wish to report an efficient sensitization strategy for blue MR-TADF emitters by constructing an interlayer-sensitizing configuration, in which the blue TADF sensitizers and blue MR-TADF emitters are separated into two closely aligned host layers with high polarity and low polarity, respectively. Based on this strategy, efficient blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs are realized and verified by employing various TADF sensitizers and different MR-TADF emitters, furnishing outstanding external quantum efficiencies of up to 38.8% and narrow EL spectra. These results validate the feasibility and universality of this interlayer sensitization strategy, which provides an effective alternative to high-performance blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs.

Homochiral Tetraphenylethene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Circularly Polarized Luminescence for Enantioselective Recognition.

A pair of water-stable and highly porous homochiral fluorescent silver-organic framework enantiomers, namely, R-Ag-BPA-TPyPE (R-1) and S-Ag-BPA-TPyPE (S-1), had been prepared as enantioselective fluorescence sensors. Combining homochiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate (BPA) with an AIE-based ligand tetrakis[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]ethene (TPyPE) in complexes R-1 and S-1 made them possess favorable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, and their CPL spectra were almost mirror images of each other. The luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum) are ±2.2 × 10-3 for R-1 and S-1, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFs) are 32.0% for R-1 and S-1, respectively. Complex R-1 could enantioselectively recognize two enantiomers of amino acids in water or DMF with high Stern-Volmer constants of 236-573 M-1 and enantioselectivity ratios of 1.40-1.78.

Switchable Dual Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Through-Space Conjugated Chiral Foldamers.

Organic materials with switchable dual circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are highly desired because they can not only directly radiate tunable circularly polarized light themselves but also induce CPL for guests by providing a chiral environment in self-assembled structures or serving as the hosts for energy transfer systems. However, most organic molecules only exhibit single CPL and it remains challenging to develop organic molecules with dual CPL. Herein, novel through-space conjugated chiral foldamers are constructed by attaching two biphenyl arms to the 9,10-positions of phenanthrene, and switchable dual CPL with opposite signs at different emission wavelengths are successfully realized in the foldamers containing high-polarizability substitutes (cyano, methylthiol and methylsulfonyl). The combined experimental and computational results demonstrate that the intramolecular through-space conjugation has significant contributions to stabilizing the folded conformations. Upon photoexcitation in high-polar solvents, strong interactions between the biphenyl arms substituted with cyano, methylthio or methylsulfonyl and the polar environment induce conformation transformation for the foldamers, resulting in two transformable secondary structures of opposite chirality, accounting for the dual CPL with opposite signs. These findings highlight the important influence of the secondary structures on the chiroptical property of the foldamers and pave a new avenue towards efficient and tunable dual CPL materials.

Self-Adaptive Photodynamic-to-Photothermal Switch for Smart Antitumor Photoimmunotherapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) possess different merits in cancer phototherapy, but the tumor microenvironment becomes unfavorable during the phototheranostic progress. Herein, we report a self-adaptive cyanine derivative Cy5-TPA with the PDT-dominated state to PTT-dominated state autoswitch feature for enhanced photoimmunotherapy. The incorporation of rotatable triphenylamine (TPA) moiety renders Cy5-TPA with the temperature or intramolecular-motion regulated photoactivities, which shows preferable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at lower temperature while stronger photothermal conversion at higher ones. Such a promising feature permits the in situ switch from PDT-dominated state to PTT-dominated state along with intratumoral temperature increase during laser irradiation, which also works in line with the concurrently reduced intratumoral oxygen level, exhibiting a self-adaptive phototherapeutic behavior to maximize the phototherapeutic antitumor outcome. Most importantly, the self-adaptive PDT-dominated state to PTT-dominated state switch also facilitates the sequential generation and release of damage-associated molecular patterns during immunogenic cell death (ICD). Hence, Cy5-TPA demonstrates excellent photoimmunotherapy performance in ICD induction, dendritic cell maturation, and T cell activation for tumor eradication and metastasis inhibition.

Purely Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Molecule for High-Performance Non-Doped Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Purely organic molecules with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are potential luminescent materials with high exciton utilization for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but those exhibiting superb electroluminescence (EL) performances are rarely explored, mainly due to their long phosphorescence lifetimes. Herein, a robust purely organic RTP molecule, 3,6-bis(5-phenylindolo[3,2-a]carbazol-12(5H)-yl)-xanthen-9-one (3,2-PIC-XT), is developed. The neat film of 3,2-PIC-XT shows strong green RTP with a very short lifetime (2.9 µs) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (72 %), and behaviors balanced bipolar charge transport. The RTP nature of 3,2-PIC-XT is validated by steady-state and transient absorption and emission spectroscopies, and the working mechanism is deciphered by theoretical simulation. Non-doped multilayer OLEDs using thin neat films of 3,2-PIC-XT furnish an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.91 % with an extremely low roll-off (1.6 %) at 1000 cd m-2. High-performance non-doped top-emitting and tandem OLEDs are also achieved, providing remarkable EQEs of 24.53 % and 42.50 %, respectively. Delightfully, non-doped simplified OLEDs employing thick neat films of 3,2-PIC-XT are also realized, furnishing an excellent EQE of 17.79 % and greatly enhanced operational lifetime. The temperature-dependent and transient EL spectroscopies demonstrate the electrophosphorescence attribute of 3,2-PIC-XT. These non-doped OLEDs are the best devices based on purely organic RTP materials reported so far.

Precise molecular engineering for the preparation of pyridinium photosensitizers with efficient ROS generation and photothermal conversion.

Organic photosensitizers (PSs) with aggregation-induced emission properties have great development potential in the integrated application of multi-mode diagnosis and treatment of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, preparing high-quality PSs with both optical and biological properties, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photothermal conversion ability are undoubtedly a great challenge. In this work, a series of pyridinium AIE PSs modified with benzophenone have been synthesized. A wide wavelength range of fluorescent materials was obtained by changing the conjugation and donor-acceptor strength. TPAPs5 has a significant advantage over similar compounds, and we have also identified the causes of high ROS generation and high photothermal conversion in terms of natural transition orbitals, excited state energy levels, ground-excited state configuration differences and recombination energy. Interestingly, migration of target sites was also found in biological imaging experiments, which also provided ideas for the design of double-targeted fluorescent probes. Therefore, the present work proposed an effective molecular design strategy for synergistic PDT and PTT therapy.

Simultaneously Realizing High Efficiency and High Color Rendering Index for Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Ultra-Thin Design of Delayed Fluorescence Sensitized Phosphorescent Layers.

In consideration of energy economization and light quality, concurrently attaining high external quantum efficiency (ηext ) and high color rendering index (CRI) is of high significance for the commercialization of hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) but is challenging. Herein, a blue luminescent molecule (2PCz-XT) consisting of a xanthone acceptor and two 3,6-diphenylcarbazole donors is prepared, which exhibits strong delayed fluorescence, short delayed fluorescence lifetime, and excellent electroluminescence property, and can sensitize green, orange, and red phosphorescent emitters efficiently. By employing 2PCz-XT as sensitizer and phosphorescent emitters as dopants, efficient two-color and three-color WOLED architectures with ultra-thin phosphorescent emitting layers (EMLs) are proposed and constructed. By incorporating a thin interlayer to modulate exciton recombination zone and reduce exciton loss, high-performance three-color hybrid WOLEDs are finally achieved, providing a high ηext of 26.8% and a high CRI value 83 simultaneously. Further configuration optimization realizes a long device operational lifetime. These WOLEDs with ultra-thin phosphorescent EMLs are among the state-of-the-art hybrid WOLEDs in the literature, demonstrating the success and applicability of the proposed device design for developing robust hybrid WOLEDs with superb efficiency and color quality.

Exploring Robust Delayed Fluorescence Materials via Structural Rigidification for Realizing Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with High Efficiencies and Small Roll-Offs.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been widely studied for the fabrication of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the serious efficiency roll-offs still remain unsolved in most cases. Herein, it is wish to report a series of robust green TADF compounds containing rigid xanthenone acceptor and acridine-based spiro donors. The enhancement in molecular rigidity not only endows the compounds with improved thermal stability but also results in reduced geometric vibrations and thus lowered reorganization energies. These compounds exhibit distinct merits of high thermal stabilities, excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (96%-97%), large horizontal dipole orientation ratios (87.4%-92.1%) and fast TADF rates (1.4-1.5 × 106 s-1 ). The OLEDs using them as emitters furnish superb electroluminescence performances with outstanding external quantum efficiencies (ηext s) of up to 37.4% and very small efficiency roll-offs. Moreover, highly efficient hyperfluorescence OLEDs are obtained by using them as sensitizers for the green mutilresonance TADF emitter BN2, delivering excellent ηext s of up to 34.2% and improved color purity. These results disclose the high potential of these TADF compounds as emitters and sensitizers for OLEDs.

Boosting Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Alkyl-Locked Axial Chirality Scaffold by Restriction of Molecular Motions.

Boosting the circularly polarized luminescence of small organic molecules has been a stubborn challenge because of weak structure rigidity and dynamic molecular motions. To investigate and eliminate these factors, here, we carried out the structure-property relationship studies on a newly-developed axial chiral scaffold of bidibenzo[b,d]furan. The molecular rigidity was finely tuned by gradually reducing the alkyl-chain length. The environmental factors were considered in solution, crystal, and polymer matrix at different temperatures. As a result, a significant amplification of the dissymmetry factor glum from 10-4 to 10-1 was achieved, corresponding to the situation from (R)-4C in solution to (R)-1C in polymer film at room temperature. A synergistic strategy of increasing the intramolecular rigidity and enhancing the intermolecular interaction to restrict the molecular motions was thus proposed to improve circularly polarized luminescence. The though-out demonstrated relationship will be of great importance for the development of high-performance small organic chiroptical systems in the future.

Creating Efficient Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Cyano-Substituted 11,12-Diphenyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine Acceptors.

Red luminescent materials are essential components for full color display and white lightening based on organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology, but the extension of emission color towards red or deep red region generally leads to decreased photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiencies. Herein, we wish to report two new luminescent molecules (2CNDPBPPr-TPA and 4CNDPBPPr-TPA) consisting of cyano-substituted 11,12-diphenyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine acceptors and triphenylamine donors. As the increase of cyano substituents, the emission wavelength is greatly red-shifted and the reverse intersystem crossing process is promoted, resulting in strong red delayed fluorescence. Meanwhile, due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the molecular structures become rigidified and planarized, which brings about large horizontal dipole ratios. As a result, 2CNDPBPPr-TPA and 4CNDPBPPr-TPA can perform as emitters efficiently in OLEDs, furnishing excellent external quantum efficiencies of 28.8 % at 616 nm and 20.2 % at 648 nm, which are significantly improved in comparison with that of the control molecule without cyano substituents. The findings in this work demonstrate that the introduction of cyano substituents to the acceptors of delayed fluorescence molecules could be a facile and effective approach to explore high-efficiency red or deep red delayed fluorescence materials.

Rational Medium-Range Charge Transfer Strategy Toward Highly Efficient Violet-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Narrowed Emission.

The spectral narrowing engineering of pure-organic emitters attracts great research interests in realizing high color purity. Here, the adjusted medium-range charge transfer (MCT) strategy of TIC-BO with rigid planar structure by fusing two typical UV-emitting multiple resonance (MR) fragments via the ingenious double-halide cyclized coupling reaction is reported. The resulting TIC-BO with MCT nature shows efficient violet-blue emission in dilute toluene and evaporated host-guest films, and desirably narrowed spectra are achieved by the suppression of structural relaxation and the shortened charge transfer states. The single-doped device with TIC-BO as emitter shows narrowed violet-blue electroluminescence peaked at 428 nm with full-width at half-maximum of 43 nm (0.28 eV), and the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.160, 0.050). A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 20.50% is achieved, which is among the best results of the corresponding violet-blue emitting region. Further introduction of a stronger electron-donating carbazole group makes TIC-BNO exhibit red-shifted sky-blue emission with MR-dominant properties, and good device performance is received with EQEmax of 34.58%. The outstanding performances of TIC-BO successfully demonstrate the significance and prospect of the proposed molecular design strategy.

Interfacial Modulation of Ti3C2Tx MXene by Cellulose Nanofibrils to Construct Hybrid Fibers with High Volumetric Specific Capacitance.

The intrinsic poor rheological properties of MXene inks result in the MXene nanosheets in dried MXene microfibers prone to self-stacking, which is not conducive to ion transport and diffusion, thus affecting the electrochemical performance of fiber-based supercapacitors. Herein, robust cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)/MXene hybrid fibers with high electrical conductivity (916.0 S cm-1) and narrowly distributed mesopores are developed by wet spinning. The interfacial interaction between CNF and MXene can be enhanced by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction due to their rich surface functional groups. The interfacial modulation of MXene by CNF can not only regulate the rheology of MXene spinning dispersion, but also enhance the mechanical strength. Furthermore, the interlayer distance and self-stacking effect of MXene nanosheets are also regulated. Thus, the ion transport path within the fiber material is optimized and ion transport is accelerated. In H2SO4 electrolyte, a volumetric specific capacitance of up to 1457.0 F cm-3 (1.5 A cm-3) and reversible charge/discharge stability are demonstrated. Intriguingly, the assembled supercapacitors exhibit a high-volume energy density of 30.1 mWh cm-3 at 40.0 mW cm-3. Moreover, the device shows excellent flexibility and cycling stability, maintaining 83% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. Practical energy supply applications (Power for LED and electronic watch) can be realized.

Cooperative supramolecular polymerization of styrylpyrenes for color-dependent circularly polarized luminescence and photocycloaddition.

Developing facile and efficient methods to obtain circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with a large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and fluorescence quantum yield (ΦY) is attractive but still challenging. Herein, supramolecular polymerization of styrylpyrenes (R/S-PEB) is utilized to attain this aim, which can self-assemble into helical nanoribbons. Benefiting from the dominant CH-π interactions between the chromophores, the supramolecular solution of S-PEB shows remarkable blue-color CPL property (glum: 0.011, ΦY: 69%). From supramolecular solution to gel, the emission color (blue to yellow-green) and handedness of CPL (glum: -0.011 to +0.005) are concurrently manipulated, while the corresponding supramolecular chirality maintains unchanged, representing the rare example of color-dependent CPL materials. Thanks to the supramolecular confine effect, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction rate of the supramolecular solution is 10.5 times higher than that of the monomeric solution. In contrast, no cycloaddition reaction occurs for the gel and assembled solid samples. Our findings provide a vision for fabricating multi-modal and high-performance CPL-active materials, paving the way for the development of advanced photo-responsive chiral systems.