Machine learning approach reveals microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome profiles in type 1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The gut microbiome, the serum metabolome, and the serum lipidome have been identified as key environmental factors contributing to the pathophysiological mechanisms of T1D. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the gut microbiota, serum metabolite, and serum lipid signatures in T1D patients by machine learning. METHODS: We evaluated 137 individuals in a cross-sectional cohort involving 38 T1D patients, 38 healthy controls, and 61 T1D patients for validation. We characterized gut microbiome, serum metabolite, and serum lipid profiles with machine learning approaches (logistic regression, support vector machine, Gaussian naive Bayes, and random forest). RESULTS: The machine learning approaches using the microbiota composition did not accurately diagnose T1D (model accuracy = 0.7555), while the accuracy of the model using the metabolite composition was 0.9333. Based on the metabolite composition, 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 9-oxo-ode (area under curve = 0.70 and 0.67, respectively, both increased in T1D) were meaningful overlap metabolites screened by multiple bioinformatics methods. We confirmed the biological relevance of the microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome features in the validation group. CONCLUSION: By using machine learning algorithms and multi-omics, we demonstrated that T1D patients are associated with altered microbiota, metabolite, and lipidomic signatures or functions.

Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With Insulin Resistance by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) and explore the possible mechanism of modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of PCOS-IR. Methods: A total of 17 specific pathogen-free (SPF) female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, aged 21 days, were selected and randomly divided into the control group (group Z, n = 6), model group (group M, n = 6), and treatment group (group A, n = 5). Letrozole combined with a high-fat diet was used to induce the PCOS-IR model. Rats in group A were treated with modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction for 2 weeks after the end of modeling; then the characteristics of reproductive, metabolic, inflammatory, and intestinal microbiota were compared among three groups. Results: The PCOS-IR model had an imbalance of intestinal microbiota, and the enriched microbiota was mainly class Coriobacteria, order Clostridiales, and genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction can regulate the disorder of intestinal microbiota diversity, significantly increase the abundance of phyla Verrucomicrobiota Proteobacteria and genera Akkermansia and Blautia, and decrease the abundance of genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Conclusion: Genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 might be the pivotal pathogenic bacteria of PCOS-IR. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction may ameliorate PCOS-IR by regulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and improving metabolic disorders.

Dose-effect analysis of treatment by modified Zhibaidihuang decoction on polycystic ovary syndrome hyperandrogenism.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of different dosages of modified Zhibaidihuang decoction (MZBDD) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) hyperandrogenism (HA) patients. METHODS: Ninety PCOS HA patients and 30 infertile patients due to tubal factor were selected. Ninety PCOS HA patients were randomly divided into three groups: low dosage group (LDG), medium dosage group (MDG) and high dosage group (HDG) and infertile patients were selected as normal control group (NCG). PCOS HA patients were treated with different dosage of MZBDD for 4 weeks. For HA patients, serum total testosterone (T), estrodial (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolatin (PRL), alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate amino transferase (AST) were determined before and after treatment, while acne scores (Rosenfield) were signed. Basal body temperatures (BBT) were asked to be measured every day. And for the else, T, E2, FSH, LH, PRL, AST, and AST were determined before treatment. RESULTS: Totally 111 patients completed the clinical research. There were no differences among the four groups on serum T before treatment (P = 0.221). Serum T concentration of both MDG and HDG after treatment significantly were lower than that of before treatment (P = 0.039, P = 0.000), while there was no obvious difference in LDG (P = 0.829). Serum T concentration of both MDG and HDG were significantly lower than that of LDG after treatment (P = 0.048, P = 0.006). To compared with before treatment, there were no differences in Serum FSH, LH, E2, P and PRL among the three groups (LDG, MDG, HDG) (as for FSH, P = 0.136, P = 0.503, P = 0.062; as for LH, P = 0.473, P = 0.513, P = 0.096; as for E2, P = 0.206, P = 0.927, P = 0.076; as for PRL, P = 0.120, P = 0.903, P = 0.407, as for P, P = 0.308, P = 0.866, P = 0480). Acne scores of all the three groups were obviously lower than that of before treatment (P = 0.031; P = 0.033; P = 0.002). 39.5% of the patients had biphasic BBT, but there were no differences among the three groups (P = 0.510). There were no differences with ALT and AST between after and before treatment among the three groups (LDG, MDG, HDG) (as for ALT, P = 0.742, P = 0.383, P = 0.053; as for AST, P = 0.732, P = 0.519, P = 0.120). CONCLUSION: Different dosage of MZBDD has dose-effect relationship in treating PCOS HA.

[Correction of severe alar retraction with alar rotation flap].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of alar rotation flap for severe alar retraction. METHODS: Patients with severely retracted alar underwent ala reconstruction using alar rotation flaps and autogenous cartilage batten grafts. First, costal cartilage was used to reshape the nasal tip and nasal dorsum. Then cartilage patch was used to extend and thicken the retracted alar. Then the alar rotation flap was transferred to correct retracted alar. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with severe alar retraction underwent alar reconstruction with alar rotation flap and alar batten grafts. The alar retraction was corrected in all cases, with improvements functionally and aesthetically. No recurrence of alar retraction was noted. The incision healed with acceptable cosmetic results, with obvious scar in only one patient (one side). CONCLUSIONS: The alar rotation flap is an effective and reliable surgical option to correct severe alar retraction. Scar can be kept inconspicuous by precise placement of the incision within the junction of the ala and the nasal dorsum, following principles of the aesthetic nasal subunits.

[Design of Fall Detection System for Elderly People Based on MPU6050 Sensor].

This paper proposes a falling detection system based on MPU6050 senor. The system consists of a MPU6050 sensor, a STM32 MCU and a set of Bluetooth 4.0 device: collecting and parsing the falling data, transferring the result to a smartphone, the smartphone: receiving the result, alarming the elder's family and hospital. This paper presentes a new judging algorithm based on the threshold of three-axis acceleration and angle deviation of body, in order to differentiate AF and normal daily activity. The result proves that the accuracy of the system is higher than 95%, which strongly highlight the robustness and reliability.