Simultaneous Sigmoid Volvulus and Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report.

Sigmoid volvulus and small bowel obstruction are typically thought to be separate clinical pathologies with distinct clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. We present a rare case of simultaneous sigmoid volvulus and small bowel obstruction. To our knowledge, this is the first such case in literature and presented a unique set of challenges in regard to treatment and management. This case discusses a different approach to the surgical management of sigmoid volvulus and small bowel obstruction, which is markedly different from the expected and traditional surgical management of isolated sigmoid volvulus and small bowel obstruction.

Recent advances in the annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts.

In this review, we summarize some of the most recent advances in the construction of cyclic compounds from the annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts, which have demonstrated their importance by possessing diverse functional groups. Significant examples including [3 + 2], [3 + 3], [3 + 4] and other cyclizations described herein with MBH adducts were proven to be efficient approaches for the preparation of diverse cyclic structure motifs. However, most of the reported strategies are based on the use of non-chiral catalysts/ligands, whilst stereoselective reactions remain largely unexplored. This area is still in its infancy and future research on MBH adducts will definitely benefit the organic chemistry community, especially for the synthesis of drug candidates and other molecules that might draw attention to materials sciences.

[Effects of starvation on the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance in juvenile Gambusia affinis and Tanichthys albonubes].

To explore the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance of juvenile Gambusia affinis and Tanichthys albonubes after starvation, contents of glycogen, lipid and protein, burst swimming speeds (Uburst), and critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) at different starvation times (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days) were evaluated. The results showed that, at 0 day, contents of glycogen and lipid were significantly lower in G. affinis than those in T. albonubes, whereas no significant difference in content of protein between two experimental fish was found. Swimming speeds in G. affinis were significantly lower than those in T. albonubes for all swimming performances. After different starvation scenarios, content of glycogen both in G. affinis and T. albonubes decreased significantly in power function trend with starvation time and were close to zero after starvation for 10 days, whereas the contents of lipid and protein were linearly significantly decreased. The slope of line regression equation between content of lipid and starvation time in G. affinis was significantly lower than that in T. albonubes, whereas there was a significantly higher slope of line equation between content of protein and starvation time in G. affinis. 40 days later, the consumption rate of glycogen both in G. affinis and T. albonubes were significantly higher than that of lipid, while the consumption rate of protein was the least. Consumption amounts of glycogen in all experimental fish were the least, G. affinis consumed more protein than lipid, and T. albonubes consumed more lipid than protein. Uburst and Ucrit decreased significantly linearly with starvation time for all experimental fish. Slope of linear equation between Uburst and starvation time was not significantly different between G. affinis and T. albonubes. However, the straight slope between Ucrit and starvation time was significantly lower in G. affinis than that in T. albonubes. These findings indicated that there was close relationship between the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance in starvation. Although the store amounts of energy sources and swimming performance were lower in G. affinis than those in T. albonubes, G. affinis mainly used protein during starvation. The result of more stable lipid content and Ucrit in G. affinis in starvation compared with that in T. albonubes indicated that G. affinis had a fair endurance to starvation, which helped them to adapt to the poor nutrition environment in stream habitat.

[Sexual dimorphism and its relationship with swimming performance in Tanichthys albonubes under laboratory conditions.] / å®žéªŒå®¤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹å”é±¼ä¸¤æ€§å¼‚å½¢åŠå ¶ä¸Žæ¸¸æ³³èƒ½åŠ›å ³ç³».

To explore the sexual dimorphism of Tanichthys albonubes and its relationship with swimming performances, the morphological characteristics of fins and trunks of male and female T. albonubes were measured and analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis methods, aiming to explore the difference and its mechanism of swimming performance between male and female under different selected pressure in long-term evolution period and then, providing meaningful information for the protection of T. albonubes. The results showed that body lengths, head depths and breadths, caudal fin areas, distances of snout tip to occipital bone terminus and ventral fin origin to dorsal fin terminus had no significant difference between male and female T. albonubes. The females had significantly higher values in head depths, body breadths, distances of ventral fin origin to dorsal fin origin, snout tip to dorsal fin and to anal fin origin, occipital bone terminus to dorsal fin origin than those in the males. However, head lengths, pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas were significantly lower in the females. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first principal component (PC1) was 74.2%. Obviously loading factors were body lengths, depths and breadths, head lengths, breadths and depths and the distances of each fin mainly reflecting body overall characteristic parameters of T. albonubes. For the second principal component (PC2), the contribution rate was 15.7% and the obviously loading factors were pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas which mainly reflected the characteristic parameters of fins. The gender identification of T. albonubes was indistinguishable on PC1, but could be obviously distinguished from PC2. Accuracy rates of sexual discriminant equation which was established by pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas and body breadths were 91.8%-92.5%. The results of swimming performance showed that burst swimming speeds (Uburst) had no significant difference between male and female T. albonubes. However, the critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) were significantly decreased in the females than in the males. The findings indicated that the sexual dimorphism of T. albonubes was mainly concentrated on fin characteristics associating with swimming performance. Also having lower Ucrit due to its lower pectoral fins areas than the male, the female T. albonubes had longer hindquarters cadres to ensure high Uburst which facilitated them to avoid predators and other emergency events in volatile streams. Larger fin areas than in the female caused higher Ucirt in the male contributing to chasing female in breeding period and other persistent exercises.

Highly enantioselective [3 + 2]-annulation of isatin-derived morita-baylis-hillman adducts with cyclic sulfonimines.

An organocatalytic [3 + 2]-annulation between isatin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and cyclic sulfonimines has been developed in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities via an allylic nitrogen-ylide intermediate. The reaction provides access to heavily substituted aza-spirooxindole derivatives, which also contain ring fused cyclic sultams.

Highly diastereo- and enantioselective [3+2] annulation of isatin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with trifluoropyruvate catalyzed by tertiary amines.

An enantioselective [3+2] annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with trifluoropyruvate catalyzed by modified cinchona alkaloids was developed in good to excellent yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

Cu(II)-catalyzed allylic silylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman alcohols via dual activation of Si-B bond and hydroxyl group.

The reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohols with Me2PhSiBpin under the catalysis of Cu(OTf)2/pyridine in methanol has been developed. The direct silylation of allylic alcohols via dual activation of the Si-B bond and the hydroxyl group of the MBH alcohol provides an efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of functionalized allylsilanes.

Enantioselective tandem reaction of chromone-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with benzylamines catalyzed by a trifunctional organocatalyst: the synthesis of chiral 3-aminomethylene-flavanones.

An enantioselective tandem reaction of chromones-derived MBH carbonates (1) with benzylamines (2) catalyzed by a trifunctional organocatalyst, cinchonidine-amide-thiourea, has been developed in moderate to good yields (50-87%) and enantioselectivities (up to 89% ee).

Diastereo- and enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates of isatins with N-phenylmaleimide catalyzed by Me-DuPhos.

A Me-DuPhos-catalyzed efficient asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates of isatins and N-phenylmaleimide has been developed. This reaction constructs three chiral centers in one step to afford spirocyclopentaneoxindoles in good yields (up to 84%) with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivies (up to 99% ee).