[Analysis of language and influencing factors of children with speech disorder in Beijing].

Objective: To investigate the features and influencing factors of language in children with various types of speech disorders. Methods: A case-control study was carried out, 262 children with speech disorder had been diagnosed at the language-speech clinic of the Center of Children's Healthcare, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2021 to November 2023, the children with speech sound disorder as the speech sound disorder group, the children with developmental stuttering as the stuttering group. There were 100 typically-developed children who underwent physical checkups at the Center of Healthcare during the same period as the healthy group. All children experienced a standardized evaluation of language with diagnostic receptive and expressive assessment of mandarin-comprehensive(DREAM-C) and questionnaire, One-way ANOVA and LSD test were conducted to compare the differences in overall language, receptive language, expressive language, semantics, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children. According to the results of DREAM-C, the children with speech disorder were divided into language normal group and language delay group. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were implemented to analyze the association between the linguistic development of children with speech disorder and potential influential factors. Results: There were 145 children in the speech sound disorder group, including 110 males and 35 females respectively, with an age of (5.9±1.0) years; 117 children in the stuttering group, including 91 males and 26 females, with an age of (5.8±1.0) years; 100 children in the healthy group, including 75 males and 25 females, with an age of (5.7±1.2) years. The variations in overall language, expressive language, and syntax scores among 3 groups of children were statistically significant (92±18 vs.96±11 vs. 98±11, 81±18 vs. 84±14 vs. 88±13, 87±16 vs. 89±11 vs. 91±10, F=5.46, 4.69, 3.68, all P<0.05). Pairwise comparison revealed that the speech sound disorder group had lower scores in overall language, expressive language, and syntactic compared to the healthy group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01) and the overall language score was lower than that of children with stuttering (P<0.05). In terms of overall language and expressive language, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of language delay among the three groups of children (15.9% (23/145) vs. 20.5% (24/117) vs. 7.0% (7/100), 46.2% (67/145) vs. 39.3% (46/117) vs. 26.0% (26/100); χ2=7.93, 10.28; both P<0.05). In terms of overall language, the stuttering group took up the highest proportion. In terms of expressive language, the speech sound disorder group accounted for the highest amount. The incidence of language delay in children with speech disorder was 44.3% (116/262). Non-parent-child reading, daily screen time ≥1 hour and screen exposure before 1.5 years of age are risk factors for the development of language in children with speech disorder (OR=1.87, 2.18, 2.01; 95%CI 1.07-3.27, 1.23-3.86, 1.17-3.45; all P<0.01). Negative family history are protective factors for the progress of language ability (OR=0.37, 95%CI 0.17-0.81, P<0.05). Conclusions: Children with speech disorder tend to have easy access to language delay, especially in expressive language and syntax. The occurrence of language delay in children with speech disorder is tightly connected with factors such as the family medical history, parent-child reading, screen time, etc. Attention should be paid to the development of language in children who suffer from speech disorder.

[Safety and efficacy of donor-derived chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Objective: To investigated the safety and efficacy of donor-derived CD19+ or sequential CD19+ CD22+ chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: The data of 22 patients with B-ALL who relapsed after allo-HSCT and who underwent donor-derived CAR-T therapy at the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China from September 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were event-free survival (EFS), complete remission (CR) rate, and Grade 3-4 adverse events. Results: A total of 81.82% (n=18) of the 22 patients achieved minimal residual disease-negative CR after CAR-T infusion. The median follow-up time was 1037 (95% CI 546-1509) days, and the median OS and EFS were 287 (95% CI 132-441) days and 212 (95% CI 120-303) days, respectively. The 6-month OS and EFS rates were 67.90% (95% CI 48.30%-84.50%) and 58.70% (95% CI 37.92%-79.48%), respectively, and the 1-year OS and EFS rates were 41.10% (95% CI 19.15%-63.05%) and 34.30% (95% CI 13.92%-54.68%), respectively. Grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome occurred in 36.36% (n=8) of the patients, and grade 3-4 occurred in 13.64% of the patients (n=3). Grade 2 and 4 graft-versus-host disease occurred in two patients. Conclusion: Donor-derived CAR-T therapy is safe and effective in patients with relapsed B-ALL after allo-HSCT.

Association of radiotherapy for prostate cancer and second primary colorectal cancer: a US population-based analysis.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for prostate cancer, yet the risk of second primary colorectal cancer (SPCRC) in patients with prostate cancer undergoing RT has not been adequately studied. METHODS: This study employed a population-based cohort design using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify individuals diagnosed between January 1975 and December 2015. The cumulative incidence of SPCRC was estimated using Fine-Gray competing risk regression. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the risk associated with RT. Survival outcomes of patients with SPCRC were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 287,607 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were identified. The cumulative incidences were higher in patients who did not receive RT (2.00%) compared to those who underwent RT (2.47%) after 25 years. After adjustment for multiple variables, RT was associated with an increased risk of developing combined SPCRC (adjusted HR 1.590). Additionally, the overall survival was significantly lower in patients who developed colorectal cancer after receiving RT as compared to those who did not receive RT. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the need for diligent long-term monitoring and effective management strategies to detect SPCRC in patients treated with RT for prostate cancer.

Nomogram for evaluating coronary revascularisation necessity based on multi-parameter coronary CT angiography.

AIM: To build a nomogram model to improve the evaluation of revascularisation necessity using multi-parameter coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 335 patients who underwent CCTA and required revascularisation within 1 month were selected and allocated to the revascularisation group; 208 patients who did not undergo revascularisation were allocated to the non-revascularisation group. CCTA parameters, including CCTA stenosis, plaque qualitative-quantitative characteristics, and fractional flow reserve derived from CT angiography (CT-FFR), for both groups were analysed and compared. Independent risk factors for evaluating revascularisation were obtained using univariate and multivariable regression analysis, after which multi-parameter models were built. Finally, a nomogram was created with these independent risk factors using the R programming language. RESULTS: Plaque analysis was performed successfully for 543 patients with 1,072 target plaques. The performance of the multi-parameter model (AUC 0.894, p<0.001) was significantly higher than that of models based on stenosis (AUC 0.804, p<0.001), plaque qualitative/quantitative characteristics (AUC 0.754/0.789, p<0.001), or CT-FFR (AUC 0.848, p<0.001) alone, to evaluate the necessity of revascularisation. The independent risk factors were CCTA stenosis (OR 1.004, p=0.04), positive remodelling (OR 2.474, p<0.001), total plaque volume (OR 1.001, p<0.001), non-calcified plaque volume proportion (OR 1.019, p<0.001), and CT-FFR (OR 0.001, p<0.001). Subsequently, a nomogram based on these factors was created. CONCLUSION: The multi-parameter CCTA model improved performance in evaluating revascularisation necessity. The nomogram based on these factors is shows promise in clinical settings.

Oral Pathobionts Promote MS-like Symptoms in Mice.

Dysbiotic oral microbiota has been associated with multiple sclerosis. However, the role and mechanism of oral microbiota in the development of multiple sclerosis are still elusive. Here, we demonstrated that ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) aggravated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, and this was likely dependent on the expansion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. LIP increased the splenic richness of Enterobacter sp., which was able to induce the expansion of splenic Th17 cells and aggravate EAE in mice. LIP also led to enrichment of Erysipelotrichaceae sp. in the gut and increased Th17 cells in the large intestinal lamina propria of EAE mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation from EAE mice with LIP also promoted EAE symptoms. In conclusion, periodontitis exacerbates EAE, likely through ectopic colonization of oral pathobionts and expansion of Th17 cells.

An intubation method for mono-pulmonary ventilation in patients with difficult airway.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the clinical effect between thermal softening PVC double-lumen tube (DLT) and single-lumen tube (SLT) guided by laryngoscope and bronchoscopy in patients with difficult airways. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 72 patients with chest surgery in need of mono-pulmonary ventilation, aged 20-70 years old, with ASA rating I-III and Arné scoring ≥ 11, were enrolled. Patients were categorized randomly into two groups with 36 patients in each: the D group (DLT was used) and the S group (SLT was used). Bronchoscopy was used for guiding the intubation and aligning in both groups. Laryngoscope would also be used immediately after failure in two trials of intubation. Intubation resistance, intubation success rate, laryngoscopy assist rate, time for intubation, time for alignment, incidence of catheter dislocation, VAS score for post-operative throat pain, and the damage extent of vocal cord were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between two the groups in terms of intubation resistance, intubation success rate, laryngoscopy assist rate, time for intubation, VAS score for post-operative throat pain, and the damage extent of vocal cord. However, shorter time for alignment and lower incidence of catheter dislocation were observed in the D group than in the S group (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For intubation in patients with difficult airway, the thermal softening DLT was as safe as the SLT, but simpler in alignment and had a lower dislocation incidence. Meanwhile, video laryngoscope could increase the success rate of intubation with either tube.

[Clinical report of hoding cricoarytenoid joint reduction with visual laryngoscope under intravenous anesthesia].

Objective: To investigate the reduction effect of hoding cricoarytenoid joint reduction with visual laryngoscope under intravenous anesthesia. Methods: The therapeutic effects of 40 patients with arytenoid dislocation(AD)treated by closed reduction in the single center from January 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 males and 19 females, median age 48 years. The etiology, symptoms, preoperative evaluation methods, reduction mode, reduction times, and the recovery of arytenoid cartilage movement and sound after reduction were evaluated and analyzed. Results: All patients had obvious hoarseness and breath sound before treatment. Under stroboscopic laryngoscope or electronic nasopharyngoscope, different degrees of vocal cord movement disorder and poor glottic closure can be seen. There were 28 cases of left dislocation, 9 cases of right dislocation and 3 cases of bilateral dislocation. The etiology of dislocation of cricoarytenoid joint: 25 cases (62.5%) of tracheal intubation under general anesthesia were the most common causes, was as follows by laryngeal trauma, gastroscopy, cough, vomiting and so on. Among them, 28 cases of reduction were initially diagnosed in our department, and 12 cases were diagnosed later after failure of reduction treatment. Of the 40 patients, 6 underwent reduction 24 hours after dislocation; 18 cases from 3 days to 1 month; 7 cases from 1 to 3 months; 6 cases were reset in 3~6 months; Over 6 months in 3 cases. After one reduction, 10 cases (10/40, 25%) recovered normal pronunciation, 14 cases (14/40, 35%) recovered normal pronunciation after two reduction, 10 cases (10/40, 25%) recovered normal pronunciation after three times, 2 cases (2/40, 5%) recovered normal pronunciation after four times, and 1 case (2.5%) recovered normal pronunciation after five times. Thin slice CT scan of larynx and cricoarytenoid joint reconstruction showed the types of AD: subluxation in 37 cases (92.5%) and total dislocation in 3 cases; 28 cases of left dislocation, 9 cases of right dislocation and 3 cases of bilateral dislocation; 29 cases (72.5%) had posterior dislocation and 11 cases (27.5%) had anterior dislocation. All patients were treated by intravenous anesthesia with arytenoid cartilage clamped by cricoarytenoid joint reduction forceps under visual laryngoscope. The curative effect was evaluated by stroboscopic laryngoscope and/or voice analysis at 1-2 weeks after operation. The vocal cord movement returned to normal and the pronunciation was good in 37 cases (92.5%). Conclusions: Hoding cricoarytenoid joint reduction with the vision laryngoscope under intravenous anesthesia is easy to operate and the reduction effect is more stable. It is a effective method for AD.

Prediction of acute myocardial infarction by multi-parameter coronary computed tomography angiography.

AIM: To investigate the performance of multi-parameter coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), including stenosis, plaque qualitative-quantitative characteristics, and fractional flow reserve derived from CCTA (FFRct), to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and build a combined model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with AMI 90 days after CCTA and 120 matched patients without AMI were enrolled retrospectively. Multiple CCTA parameters were analysed and compared. Independent risk factors were obtained through univariate and multivariate regression analyses, after which a multi-parameter model was built. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were analysed successfully. The multi-parameter CCTA model (area under the curve, 0.944; p<0.001) had a higher predictive value than each single parameter (p<0.001, all). Independent risk factors were intra-plaque dye penetration (IDP; odds ratio [OR], 8.373; p=0.002), lipid plaque volume (LPV; OR, 1.263; p<0.001), and FFRct ≤0.83 (OR, 8.092; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This one-stop multi-parameter CCTA model, comprising IDP, LPV, and FFRct as independent risk factors, has good performance to predict AMI.

[Research progress in association of neurological disorders and periodontal diseases].

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases caused by oral pathogens around the periodontal supporting tissues, leading to systemic and chronic inflammatory conditions. The continuous chronic systemic inflammation may be a trigger of neuroinflammation, which is the prominent feature of a variety of neurological disorders. It implies that there may be a causal link between periodontal diseases and neurological disorders. This article presents epidemiological and biological evidences that periodontal diseases can induce or exacerbate neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and major depressive disorder, and analyzes the possible mechanisms. The importance of maintaining oral health as well as preventing and treating periodontal diseases are emphasized. At the same time, this may provide novel approaches to study the relationship between periodontal diseases and neurological disorders in the prevention and treatment strategies of neurological disorders.

MicroRNA-199 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in children with acute myeloid leukemia by mediating caspase-3.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "MicroRNA-199 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in children with acute myeloid leukemia by mediating caspase-3, by F. Xue, Y. Zhu, F. Xu, L.-J. Zhou, F. Han, S.-C. Wang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (9): 3584-3593-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17780-PMID: 31114982" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17780.

The significance of Siglec-15 expression in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Siglec-15 (S15) is another important mechanism of tumor immune escape besides the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway and represents a new kind of immune checkpoint inhibitor. However, the associations of tumor Siglec-15 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a tumor microenvironment (TME) have so far been unclear. A total of 324 NSCLC surgical samples on tumor microarray were used in this study for investigating the association of S15 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) as well as correlation with TILs using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and PD-L1. Results showed that the expression of S15 in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma. S15 expression was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell density in the stroma. The expression rate of PD-L1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma. S15 expression was not associated with the prognosis of early NSCLC. The pathological mechanism of the co-expression of S15 and PD-L1 in resectable NSCLC remains to be further studied.

[The method of blood pressure evaluation among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in China].

The national health industry standard (WS/T 610-2018), 'the reference of screening for elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7-to 18-years-old', plays a significant role in the standardization of the blood pressure evaluation, the early detection of high blood pressure, and the early intervention of hypertension and other chronic non-communicable diseases among Chinese children and adolescents. This standard gives screening thresholds for blood pressure assessment of children and adolescents in different genders, ages, and heights. Given the complexity of applying this standard, it is error-prone and less efficient to evaluate blood pressure one by one or program this procedure. Therefore, this study provides a SPSS package based on the standard for researchers to download and use, combined with specific cases to guide the use of this package to evaluate the blood pressure of children and adolescents step by step, which could empower researchers to accurately and efficiently conduct blood pressure screening for children and adolescents in China.

[Research progress in establishing baselines and thresholds of influenza epidemic].

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that seriously harms the world and public health. Because influenza viruses are prone to mutations and difficult to predict, the World Health Organization has been promoting global continuous strengthening of influenza surveillance to monitor the level of influenza activity and epidemic trends in real time. Establishing baselines and thresholds for influenza epidemic helps to gauge the start and severity of influenza seasons. At present, there are various methods for calculating baseline and threshold, such as annual median value, percentile approach, moving epidemic method, and control chart method. This paper will summarize the methods of establishing influenza baseline or threshold at home and abroad, and hope to provide reference for the establishment of baseline or threshold of influenza in China.

MicroRNA-199 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in children with acute myeloid leukemia by mediating caspase-3.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of microRNA-199 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Meanwhile, we also investigated whether microRNA-199 could inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of AML cells by regulating caspase-3. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression level of microRNA-199 in peripheral blood samples of AML patients and healthy controls was determined using Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Similarly, microRNA-199 expression was also detected in AML cells and human medullary cells. The overexpression plasmid of microRNA-199 was constructed and transfected into cells. Subsequently, the regulatory effects of microRNA-199 on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration were accessed. The relationship between microRNA-199 and caspase-3 expression was further elucidated by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: MicroRNA-199 was lowly expressed in peripheral blood of AML patients and AML cell lines than normal controls. The overexpression of microRNA-199 significantly decreased proliferative, invasive and migratory capacities of AML cells, whereas markedly increased apoptotic rate. Western blot results showed that microRNA-199 increased caspase-3 expression in AML cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated that microRNA-199 inhibited malignant progression of AML by targeting caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-199 is lowly expressed in AML patients. Furthermore, it inhibits the malignant progression of AML by targeting caspase-3.

Using over-damped resistor-inductor-capacitor circuits to synthesize an adjustable high voltage rectangular pulse.

A novel method is proposed to synthesize an adjustable high voltage bipolar rectangular pulse by means of three over-damped resistor-inductor-capacitor nonsynchronous discharge circuits and the artificial current zero technology. The main advantage of the novel method is that the rise time and the flattop durations are adjustable independently. It is very suitable for the insulation test due to the output waveform being not sensitive to sample variety. A prototype was designed and tested. The results show that the prototype can output an adjustable unipolar rectangular pulse with 17 kV amplitude, 330 ns-5.45 µs flattop duration, and 110-350 ns rise time on an insulation sample.

Highly sensitive flexible three-axis tactile sensors based on the interface contact resistance of microstructured graphene.

The lack of high-performance tactile sensors, especially for pressure/force, is a huge obstacle for the widespread application of intelligent robots. Current pressure sensors are often operated in the high range of pressure and normal direction, showing a little ability in the low range of pressure and three-axis direction simultaneously. Herein, a highly sensitive flexible tactile sensor with three-axis force sensing capacity is presented by combining microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) arrays and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film. The deformation of microstructured rGO/PDMS results in a change in the contact area between the rGO film and electrode, leading to a high sensitivity of -1.71 kPa-1 in the low range pressure of 0-225 Pa with a fast response time of 6 ms at a large feature size of 100 µm. To realize three-axis sensing, a sensing unit was built up, which was composed of the adjacent four parts of patterns and electrodes underneath a bump. A mechanical model of the exerted spatial force was established to calculate each axis force component via the deformation of the rGO/PDMS pattern. The experimental results show that the current difference between the adjacent two parts has a strong relationship with the applied force. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated a 3 × 3 array sensor for arbitrary force sensing. Our tactile sensor would be used in transmitting information from a gentle spatial force and would exhibit broad applications as e-skin in integrated robots.

Nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for analgesia in adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for the management of breakthrough cancer pain. METHODS/DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was undertaken in the Medical ward of Tumor Hospital of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. 240 cancer patients with breakthrough pain were recruited and randomly received a standard pain treatment (morphine sulphate immediate release) plus a pre-prepared nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, or the standard pain treatment plus oxygen. The primary endpoint measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score measured at baseline, 5 and 15 min after the beginning of treatment, and at 5 min post treatment. RESULT: In all, analysis of pain score (NRS) at 5 min after the beginning of treatment shown a significant decrease in nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture treated patients with 2.8 ± 1.3 versus 5.5 ± 1.2 in controls (p < 0.01). At 15 min during the intervention, the mean pain score for nitrous oxide/oxygen was 2.0 ± 1.1 compared with 5.6 ± 1.3 for oxygen (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study shows that self-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was effective in reducing moderate to severe breakthrough pain among patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The management of breakthrough cancer pain is always a challenge due to its temporal characteristics of rapid onset, moderate to severe in intensity, short duration (median 30-60 min). Our study find that self-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was effective in reducing moderate to severe breakthrough cancer pain.