Blood Pressure Cuff Sizes for Pregnant Women in the United States: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: The use of correctly-sized blood pressure (BP) cuffs is important to ensure accurate measurement and effective management of hypertension. The goals of this study were to determine the proportions of pregnant women that would require small, adult, large, and extra-large (XL) cuff sizes, and to examine the demographic characteristics associated with need for a large or XL cuff. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,176 pregnant women (≥18 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 cycles. Recommended BP cuff sizes, based on American Heart Association recommendations, were categorized by mid-arm circumference: small adult (≤26 cm), adult (>26 to ≤34 cm), large (>34 to ≤44 cm), and extra-large (XL) (>44 cm). RESULTS: Among US pregnant women, recommended cuff sizes were: 17.9% small adult, 57.0% adult, and 25.1% for large or XL. About 38.5% of non-Hispanic Black, 21.6% of Mexican American and 21.0% of non-Hispanic White pregnant women required a large or XL cuff. About 81.8% of women in the highest quartile for BMI required large or XL cuffs, which was significantly higher than women in other quartiles. CONCLUSION: Roughly one out of every four pregnant women required large or XL BP cuffs. The requirement for large or XL cuffs was highest among non-Hispanic Black women and women with the highest BMI. For pregnant women, measuring the arm circumference and selecting an appropriately-sized cuff is important to facilitate accurate blood pressure monitoring and hypertension management.

Hippocampal PDHA1 gene knockout inhibits the Warburg effect leading to cognitive dysfunction and attenuates the beneficial effects of ZiBuPiYin recipe on cognition.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The attenuation of the Warburg effect is an important pathological feature of cognitive dysfunction, and enhancing the Warburg effect is conducive to improving cognitive function. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction remain incompletely elucidated. ZiBuPiYin Recipe (ZBPYR) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound used clinically for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction with significant efficacy. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to investigate whether the attenuation of the Warburg effect exists in a mouse model of cognitive dysfunction induced by knockout of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1) gene in the hippocampus, as well as the interventional effect of ZBPYR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using mice with PDHA1 gene knockout in the hippocampus and their littermate control mice as study subjects, behavioral experiments were conducted to assess the impact of PDHA1 gene knockout on cognitive function and the interventional effect of ZBPYR. We detected the expression of the Warburg effect-associated rate-limiting enzymes and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. Subsequently, in PC12 cells, we explored the effect of the Warburg effect on cell apoptosis as well as the role of PDHA1 in the regulation of the PI3K/AKT-Warburg effect and the potential mechanism of ZBPYR in improving cognitive function. RESULTS: Mice with knockout of the PDHA1 gene in the hippocampus exhibited cognitive dysfunction, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, reduction of the Warburg effect, and neuronal damage. In vitro experiments indicated that silencing of PDHA1 in the hippocampus inhibited the PI3K/AKT-Warburg effect, leading to cell apoptosis and mediated the effect of ZBPYR in improving cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Our data not only suggest that the hippocampal PDHA1-PI3K/AKT-Warburg effect may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, but also demonstrate that PDHA1 knockout can abolish the beneficial effects of ZBPYR on cognition. This research aids in unraveling the cause of cognitive dysfunction and, therefore, offers a promising and innovative therapeutic target for these patients.

Pilot turning behavior cognitive load analysis in simulated flight.

Background: To identify the cognitive load of different turning tasks in simulated flight, a flight experiment was designed based on real "preliminary screening" training modules for pilots. Methods: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and flight data were collected during the experiments using a flight simulator and a heart rate sensor bracelet. The turning behaviors in flight were classified into climbing turns, descending turns, and level flight turns. A recognition model for the cognitive load associated with these turning behaviors was developed using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Results: pnni_20, range_nni, rmssd, sdsd, nni_20, sd1, triangular_index indicators are negatively correlated with different turning load. The LSTM-Attention model excelled in recognizing turning tasks with varying cognitive load, achieving an F1 score of 0.9491. Conclusion: Specific HRV characteristics can be used to analyze cognitive load in different turn-ing tasks, and the LSTM-Attention model can provide references for future studies on the selection characteristics of pilot cognitive load, and offer guidance for pilot training, thus having significant implications for pilot training and flight safety.

Synthesis, antioxidant and structural properties of modified ebselen derivatives and conjugates.

Ebselen is a drug in clinical trials for several diseases and degenerative conditions where oxidative stress is implicated. A series of novel ebselen analogues was synthesized, including hydroxy-, alkoxy- and aminomethylene derivatives, as well as hybrid species where the ebselen selenium atom is shared with other potent antioxidant structures, such as cyclic selenenyl sulfide, cyclic seleninate ester and spirodioxyselenurane moieties. Conjugates of ebselen with cholesterol, prednisolone and the radical inhibitor BHT were also prepared. The products were tested for antioxidant activity in an NMR-based assay by measuring the rate of consumption of benzyl thiol or the production of dibenzyl disulfide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide when catalyzed by the ebselen analogues. Activities ranged from 12 to 0.12 times that of ebselen. The oxidation of the 2-hydroxymethylene derivative of ebselen was faster than thiolysis in the initial step and the overall rate was further accelerated under basic conditions. The corresponding selenenyl sulfide analogue underwent very slow disproportionation under neutral conditions that was enhanced by the presence of a base catalyst. During investigation of possible fluxional behaviour of a bis-amide analogue, an unusual tetraphenyphosphonium salt of a tricoordinate selenium pincer anion was discovered with exceptionally potent catalytic activity, 130 times that of ebselen. In addition to rate measurements, X-ray crystallography and DFT computational methods were also employed to gain further structural and mechanistic insights.

A microfluidic analyzer based on liquid waveguide capillary cells for the high-sensitivity determination of phosphate in seawater and its applications.

BACKGROUND: Optical detection is frequently performed on microfluidic chips for colorimetric analysis. Integrating liquid waveguide capillaries with total internal reflection with the microfluidic chip requires less procedures, which is suitable in the optical detection of microfluidic systems and is a practical alternative to increase the optical path length in the colorimetric assay of microfluidic devices for higher sensitivities and lower detection limit. However, this alternative has not been applied to the connection of PMMA chips or the microfluidic devices for the detection of phosphate in seawater. RESLUTS: Here, a lab-on-a-chip system integrating a microfluidic chip and an external liquid waveguide capillary cell was presented to detect the phosphate in seawater. The detachable total internal reflection capillary made of Teflon AF 2400 connected to the chip transports sample and transmits light, greatly reducing detection limit, eliminating the interference from stray light and widening the dynamic range of the system without specific surface treatment of the microchannel. By utilizing an internal 5-cm absorption cell and an external 20-cm liquid waveguide capillary cell, the system reaches detection limits of 59 nM and 8 nM, respectively, and can detect phosphate concentration from 0 to 23 µM. An online analyzer was developed based on the high-sensitivity system and was applied to shipboard underway analysis for two scientific cruises and to laboratory measurements for seawater samples from Xisha sea area. SIGNIFICANCE: Correlation analyses between the shipboard and laboratory phosphate measurements and other physical and biochemical elements revealed the marine ecological characteristics of the corresponding areas, demonstrating the high-sensitivity of this method over slight variations and narrow ranges of phosphate and the ability to provide microfluidic systems for high spatiotemporal resolution phosphate determination a practical and cost-effective alternative.

Dual-Activatable Nano-Immunomodulator for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Precision Cancer Photodynamic Immunotherapy.

Photodynamic immunotherapy which combines photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy has become an important and effective method for the treatment of cancer. However, most cancer photodynamic immunotherapeutic systems are not able to achieve precise release of immunomodulators, resulting in systemic side effects and poor patient outcomes. Herein, a dual-activatable nano-immunomodulator (DIR NP), which both its photodynamic effect and agonist release can be activated under specific stimuli, is reported for precision cancer photodynamic immunotherapy. The DIR NP is self-assembled from an R848-conjugated amphiphilic polymer (mPEG-TK-R848) and a hydrophobic oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA-SOH)-conjugatable photosensitizer (DIR). DIR NPs may generate a small amount of 1O2 under 808 nm laser irradiation, leading to the cleavage of thioketal (TK) moiety and release of R848 and DIR. The released DIR may conjugate with tumor-overexpressed BSA-SOH, improving its photodynamic efficiency and NIR-II fluorescence signal. Such photodynamic efficiency improvement may further enhance the release of cargoes upon irradiation. The activated photodynamic effect induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) to release immune factors and R848 can enhance the maturation of dendritic cells for inhibiting the growth of both primary and distant tumors and eliminating lung metastasis. Therefore, this study provides a dual-activatable intelligent nano-immunomodulator for precise regulation of tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.

Human olfactory perception embeds fine temporal resolution within a single sniff.

A sniff in humans typically lasts one to three seconds and is commonly considered to produce a long-exposure shot of the chemical environment that sets the temporal limit of olfactory perception. To break this limit, we devised a sniff-triggered apparatus that controls odorant deliveries within a sniff with a precision of 18 milliseconds. Using this apparatus, we show through rigorous psychophysical testing of 229 participants (649 sessions) that two odorants presented in one order and its reverse become perceptually discriminable when the stimulus onset asynchrony is merely 60 milliseconds (Cohen's d = 0.48; 95% confidence interval, (55, 59); 120-millisecond difference). Discrimination performance improves with the length of stimulus onset asynchrony and is independent of explicit knowledge of the temporal order of odorants or the relative amount of odorant molecules accumulated in a sniff. Our findings demonstrate that human olfactory perception is sensitive to chemical dynamics within a single sniff and provide behavioural evidence for a temporal code of odour identity.

Synthesis and evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline-benzo[h]chromen-4-one conjugates as dual ABCB1/CYP1B1 inhibitors for overcoming MDR in cancer.

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignant tumors is one of the major threats encountered currently by many chemotherapeutic agents. Among the various mechanisms involved in drug resistance, P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), a member of the ABC transporter family that significantly increases the efflux of various anticancer drugs from tumor cells, and the metabolic enzyme CYP1B1 are widely considered to be two critical targets for overcoming MDR. Unfortunately, no MDR modulator has been approved by the FDA to date. In this study, based on pharmacophore hybridization, bioisosteric and fragment-growing strategies, we designed and synthesized 11 novel tetrahydroisoquinoline-benzo[h]chromen-4-one conjugates as dual ABCB1/CYP1B1 inhibitors. Among them, the preferred compound A10 exhibited the best MDR reversal activity (IC50 = 0.25 µM, RF = 44.4) in SW620/AD300 cells, being comparable to one of the most potent third-generation P-gp inhibitors WK-X-34. In parallel, this dual ABCB1/CYP1B1 inhibitory effect drives compound A10 exhibiting prominent drug resistance reversal activity to doxorubicin (IC50 = 4.7 µM, RF = 13.7) in ABCB1/CYP1B1-overexpressing DOX-SW620/AD300-1B1 resistant cells, which is more potent than that of the CYP1B1 inhibitor ANF. Furthermore, although compound A2 possessed moderate ABCB1/CYP1B1 inhibitory activity, it showed considerable antiproliferative activity towards drug-resistant SW620/AD300 and MKN45-DDP-R cells, which may be partly related to the increase of PUMA expression to promote the apoptosis of the drug-resistant MKN45-DDP-R cells as confirmed by proteomics and western blot assay. These results indicated that the tetrahydroisoquinoline-benzo[h]chromen-4-one conjugates may provide a fundamental scaffold reference for further discovery of MDR reversal agents.

Genetic analysis of key agronomic traits of local sheep breeds in Xinjiang, China.

The formation of sheep (Ovis aries) breeds is influenced by different ecological environments and populations with different living habits, resulting in the development of germplasm resources with stable genetic key agronomic traits. Thus, investigating the genetic mechanisms behind various agronomic traits can enhance the conservation and utilization of diverse sheep breeds. Here, we explored the sheep variome and selection signatures using the Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip (600 K SNPs) from 23 sheep breeds, comprising a total of 1215 sheep. The genetic mechanisms of wool quality and tail morphology were analyzed by selective sweep and genome-wide association study. Based on the results of within-population selective sweep analysis, we performed gene network analysis and divided them into 6 gene communities. We identified genetic regions containing genes linked to sheep wool and tail, which have been and may continue to be important targets for breeding and selection. Furthermore, our results revealed the expression profiles of genes in these regions across different biological systems. Our study provides insights into categorizing sheep breeds into distinct gene communities, as well as references for constructing genetic network pathways related to key agronomic traits in sheep and other domestic animals.

VEPTP inhibition with an extracellular domain targeting antibody did not restore albuminuria in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. DKD is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology where early endothelial dysfunction is associated with disease progression. The Tie2 receptor and Angiopoietin 1 and 2 ligands are critical for maintaining endothelial cell permeability and integrity. Tie2 signaling is negatively regulated by the endothelial specific transmembrane receptor Vascular Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (VEPTP). Genetic deletion of VEPTP protects from hypertension and diabetes induced renal injury in a mouse model of DKD. Here, we show that VEPTP inhibition with an extracellular domain targeting VEPTP antibody induced Tie2 phosphorylation and improved VEGF-A induced vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with the VEPTP blocking antibody decreased the renal expression of endothelial activation markers (Angpt2, Edn1, and Icam1) but failed to improve kidney function in db/db uninephrectomized ReninAAV DKD mice.

Pregnancy and survival-related outcomes of uveal melanoma treated with brachytherapy in women of reproductive age.

BACKGROUND: To examine if pregnancy affects the prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy (PBT) and to assess if PBT has any subsequent impact on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study was carried out at Beijing Tongren Hospital, focusing on women of childbearing age diagnosed with UM and treated with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy. Both the outcomes of pregnancies and the health status of the fetuses were monitored. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, with endpoints being metastasis and death. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients who had full-term pregnancies and 96 non-pregnant women matched by age and tumor size were included. The mean follow-up time was 67.0 ± 27.7 months (median:66.0 months, range:21.0 to 116.0 months). In the pregnant group, two patients developed metastases, one of whom died shortly after delivery; local recurrence of UM occurred in 2 patients after or during delivery, and 2 other patients developed secondary glaucoma due to radiation retinopathy. None of the other pregnant patients reported any signs of disease progression. In the control group, 18 metastasis cases including 12 deaths were documented. Pregnant patients and matched control subjects showed no statistical difference in both Metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-2.86; P = 0.576) and overall survival (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.06-3.66; P = 0.464). All pregnant patients carried the pregnancy to term and delivered healthy children with no report of placental or infant metastases to date. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy does not appear to negatively impact the prognosis of UM patients undergoing PBT. PBT showed no observable detriment to maternal fertility and exhibited no teratogenic effects on the fetus. However, the long-term implications of PBT on pregnancy remain uncertain, necessitating additional, prolonged follow-up studies.

Putative pathogenic factors underlying Streptococcus oralis opportunistic infections.

Streptococcus oralis, belonging to the viridans group streptococci (VGS), has been considered a component of the normal flora predominantly inhabiting the oral cavity. In recent years, a growing body of literature has revealed that dental procedures or daily tooth brushing activities can cause the spread of S. oralis from the oral cavity into various body sites leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) and meningitis. However, very little is currently known about the pathogenicity of S. oralis. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the current understanding of the pathogenic potential of S. oralis to pave the way for the prevention and treatment of S. oralis opportunistic infections.

TNFSF14+ natural killer cells prevent spontaneous abortion by restricting leucine-mediated decidual stromal cell senescence.

In preparation for a potential pregnancy, the endometrium of the uterus changes into a temporary structure called the decidua. Senescent decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are enriched in the decidua during decidualization, but the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA transcriptomics on ESCs and DSCs and found that cell senescence during decidualization is accompanied by increased levels of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transporter SLC3A2. Depletion of leucine, one of the branched-chain amino acids, from cultured media decreased senescence, while high leucine diet resulted in increased senescence and high rates of embryo loss in mice. BCAAs induced senescence in DSCs via the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, TNFSF14+ decidual natural killer (dNK) cells were found to inhibit DSC senescence by interacting with its ligand TNFRSF14. As in mice fed high-leucine diets, both mice with NK cell depletion and Tnfrsf14-deficient mice with excessive uterine senescence experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further, we found excessive uterine senescence, SLC3A2-mediated BCAA intake, and insufficient TNFRSF14 expression in the decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. In summary, this study suggests that dNK cells maintain senescence homeostasis of DSCs via TNFSF14/TNFRSF14, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DSC senescence-associated spontaneous abortion.

Non-fused Star-shape Giant Trimer Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on giant molecular acceptors (GMAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operation stability. However, the large conjugated plane of GMAs poses great challenges in regulating the solubility, over-size aggregation and yield, which in turn further constrains their development in commercial products. Herein, we employ a non-fused skeleton strategy to develop novel non-fused star-shape trimers (3BTT6F and 3BTT6Cl) for improving device performance. Single-bond linkage can break the rigid planarity to form a 3D architecture, generating multidimensional charge transfer pathways. Importantly, the non-fused skeleton strategy can not only significantly improve solubility and synthesis yield, but also effectively suppress molecular excessive aggregation. Consequently, due to the optimized film-forming process and charge dynamics, 3BTT6F-based binary device obtains a high PCE of 17.52%, which is significantly higher than the reported fully fused trimers. Excitingly, 3BTT6F-based ternary device even obtains a top-level PCE of 19.26%. Furthermore, the non-fused star-shape configuration also endows these acceptors with enhanced intermolecular interaction in the active layer, demonstrating excellent operational stability. Our work emphasizes the potential of non-fused star-shape trimers, providing a new pathway for achieving highly efficient and stable OSCs.

Olfaction modulates cortical arousal independent of perceived odor intensity and pleasantness.

Throughout history, various odors have been harnessed to invigorate or relax the mind. The mechanisms underlying odors' diverse arousal effects remain poorly understood. We conducted five experiments (184 participants) to investigate this issue, using pupillometry, electroencephalography, and the attentional blink paradigm, which exemplifies the limit in attentional capacity. Results demonstrated that exposure to citral, compared to vanillin, enlarged pupil size, reduced resting-state alpha oscillations and alpha network efficiency, augmented beta-gamma oscillations, and enhanced the coordination between parietal alpha and frontal beta-gamma activities. In parallel, it attenuated the attentional blink effect. These effects were observed despite citral and vanillin being comparable in perceived odor intensity, pleasantness, and nasal pungency, and were unlikely driven by semantic biases. Our findings reveal that odors differentially alter the small-worldness of brain network architecture, and thereby brain state and arousal. Furthermore, they establish arousal as a unique dimension in olfactory space, distinct from intensity and pleasantness.

Efficacy of durvalumab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary duct cancer and biomarkers exploration.

BACKGROUND: The anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab has been approved for use in first-line advanced biliary duct cancer (ABC). So far, predictive biomarkers of efficacy are lacking. METHODS: ABC patients who underwent gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with or without durvalumab were retrospectively enrolled, and their baseline clinical pathological indices were retrieved from medical records. Overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated and analyzed. The levels of peripheral biomarkers from 48 patients were detected with assay kits including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic alterations in 27 patients whose tumor tissues were available were depicted via targeted next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 186 ABC patients met the inclusion criteria between January 2020 and December 2022 were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, 93 patients received chemotherapy with durvalumab and the rest received chemotherapy alone. Durvalumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in PFS (6.77 vs. 4.99 months; hazard ratio 0.65 [95% CI 0.48-0.88]; P = 0.005), but not OS (14.29 vs. 13.24 months; hazard ratio 0.91 [95% CI 0.62-1.32]; P = 0.608) vs. chemotherapy alone in previously untreated ABC patients. The objective response rate (ORR) in patients receiving chemotherapy with and without durvalumab was 19.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Pretreatment sPD-L1, CSF1R and OPG were identified as significant prognosis predictors in patients receiving durvalumab. ADGRB3 and RNF43 mutations were enriched in patients who responded to chemotherapy plus durvalumab and correlated with superior survival. CONCLUSION: This retrospective real-world study confirmed the clinical benefit of durvalumab plus chemotherapy in treatment-naïve ABC patients. Peripheral sPD-L1 and CSF1R are promising prognostic biomarkers for this therapeutic strategy. Presence of ADGRB3 or RNF43 mutations could improve the stratification of immunotherapy outcomes, but further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.

The ultralow viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma: Implications for the water content of primitive kimberlite melts.

The eruption of deeply sourced kimberlite magma offers the fastest route to bring deep-seated volatiles back to the Earth's surface. However, the viscosity of kimberlite magma, a factor governing its migration and eruption dynamics within Earth, remains poorly constrained. We conducted synchrotron in situ falling sphere viscometry experiments to examine kimberlite magma with different volatile contents (0 to 5 wt % H2O and 2 to 8 wt % CO2) under high pressure-temperature conditions. The results reveal that the viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma is ~1 to 2 orders lower than that of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and comparable to the ultramobile pure carbonate melt. Using the measured viscosity values, we simulated the ascent and eruption process of kimberlite magma. We found that a minimum content of ~0.5 wt % water in the primitive magma is necessary to allow the ultrafast eruption process of kimberlite, thereby enabling the preservation of diamonds and high-pressure mineral inclusions transported by the magma.

Modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes loaded with MiRNA ameliorates non-small cell lung cancer.

The study aimed to reveal the function of LXY30 peptide-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (LXY30-Exos) in NSCLC. LXY30 peptide is a peptide ligand targeting α3ß1 integrin, and LXY30 specifically binds to Exos derived from different cells. We use transmission electron microscopy to identify LXY30-Exos and tracking analysis for particles, and the LXY30-Exos internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo were verified by multiple molecular technologies. The functions of LXY30-Exos-encapsulated miR-30c, miR-181b or miR-613 were assessed using cell proliferation, migration and cell apoptosis assays. Meanwhile, the safety of the above engineered Exos was evaluated in vivo. After LXY30-Exos were isolated and identified, LXY30-Exos were confirmed to be internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and specifically targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo. Functionally, LXY30-Exos-encapsulated miR-30c, miR-181b or miR-613 weakened the proliferation, migration and cell cycle of NSCLC cells induced cellular apoptosis in vitro and restrained the tumour progression in vivo. Meanwhile, the safety of LXY30-Exos-encapsulated miR-30c, miR-181b or miR-613 was confirmed in vivo. Overall, miR-30c, miR-181b and miR-613 encapsulated in LXY30 peptide-modified BMSC-Exos relieved NSCLC.

Experimental study on the performance of the vertical shell-tube indirect evaporative cooler with inner grooved tubes.

The vertical tube indirect evaporative cooler (VTIEC) could be preferred one to air-conditioning buildings if its water film quality could be improved. This paper proposed a new VTIEC with inner grooved tubes to improve the water film quality and obtained its performance by experimental method. The results indicated that inner grooved tubes have positive effects on the water film and performance of the new VTIEC. A low working air enthalpy at inlet can significantly improve the total cooling capacity from evaporation, and then VTIEC performance. In this paper conditions, the velocity ratio of 1.52 of the produced air to the working air is better one condition compared to 1.01 and 2.28. The produced air velocity is positive effect on the cooling capacity per unit area until the produced air velocity of about 4.05 m/s and is negative effect on COP. The maximum unit cooling capacity, wet-bulb efficiency and COP are 307.74W/m2, 81.7% and 44.97.The results will promote the application of the new VTIEC.