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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) stands as a paramount global health concern, contributing significantly to worldwide mortality rates. Effective containment of TB requires deployment of cost-efficient screening method with limited resources. To enhance the precision of resource allocation in the global fight against TB, this research proposed chest X-ray radiography (CXR) based machine learning screening algorithms with optimization, benchmarking and tuning for the best TB subclassification tasks for clinical application. Methods: This investigation delves into the development and evaluation of a robust ensemble deep learning framework, comprising 43 distinct models, tailored for the identification of active TB cases and the categorization of their clinical subtypes. The proposed framework is essentially an ensemble model with multiple feature extractors and one of three fusion strategies-voting, attention-based, or concatenation methods-in the fusion stage before a final classification. The comprised de-identified dataset contains records of 915 active TB patients alongside 1,276 healthy controls with subtype-specific information. Thus, the realizations of our framework are capable for diagnosis with subclass identification. The subclass tags include: secondary tuberculosis/tuberculous pleurisy; non-cavity/cavity; secondary tuberculosis only/secondary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy; tuberculous pleurisy only/secondary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy. Results: Based on the dataset and model selection and tuning, ensemble models show their capability with self-correction capability of subclass identification with rendering robust clinical predictions. The best double-CNN-extractor model with concatenation/attention fusion strategies may potentially be the successful model for subclass tasks in real application. With visualization techniques, in-depth analysis of the ensemble model's performance across different fusion strategies are verified. Discussion: The findings underscore the potential of such ensemble approaches in augmenting TB diagnostics with subclassification. Even with limited dataset, the self-correction within the ensemble models still guarantees the accuracies to some level for potential clinical decision-making processes in TB management. Ultimately, this study shows a direction for better TB screening in the future TB response strategy.
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Novel protein acylations are a class of protein post-translational modifications, such as lactylation, succinylation, crotonylation, palmitoylation, and ß-hydroxybutyrylation. These acylation modifications are common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and play pivotal roles in various key cellular processes by regulating gene transcription, protein subcellular localization, stability and activity, protein-protein interactions, and protein-DNA interactions. The diversified acylations are closely associated with various human diseases, especially cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the distinctive characteristics, effects, and regulatory factors of novel protein acylations. We also explore the various mechanisms through which novel protein acylations are involved in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting novel acylations, offering promising avenues for cancer treatment.
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Soft robots adapt to complex environments for autonomous locomotion, manipulation, and perception are attractive for robot-environment interactions. Strategies to reconcile environment-triggered actuation and self-powered sensing responses to different stimuli remain challenging. By tuning the in situ vapor phase solvent exchange effect in continuous electrospinning, an asymmetric highly-aligned all-fiber membrane (HAFM) with a hierarchical "grape-like" nanosphere-assembled microfiber structure (specific surface area of 13.6 m2 g-1) and excellent mechanical toughness (tensile stress of 5.5 MPa, and fracture toughness of 798 KJ m-3) is developed, which shows efficient asymmetric actuation to both photothermal and humidity stimuli. The HAFM consists of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-enhanced moisture-responsive layer and an MXene-improved photothermal-responsive layer, which achieves substantial actuation with a bending curvature up to ≈7.23 cm-1 and a fast response of 0.60 cm-1 s-1. By tailoring the fiber alignment and bi-layer thickness ratio, different types of micromanipulators, automatic walking robots, and plant robots with programmable structures are demonstrated, which are realized for self-powered information perception of material type, object moisture, and temperature by integrating the autonomous triboelectric effect induced by photothermal-moisture actuation. This work presents fiber materials with programable hierarchical asymmetries and inspires a common strategy for self-powered organism-interface robots to interact with complex environments.
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Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) is one of the circadian clock genes and is considered to be a fundamental regulatory gene in the circadian rhythm, responsible for mediating several biological processes. Therefore, abnormal expression of CLOCK affects its role in the circadian clock and its more general function as a direct regulator of gene expression. This dysfunction can lead to severe pathological effects, including cancer. To better understand the role of CLOCK in cancer, we compiled this review to describe the biological function of CLOCK, and especially highlighted its function in cancer development, progression, tumor microenvironment, cancer cell metabolism, and drug resistance.
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BACKGROUND: The importance of parent-teacher relationships has been well-discussed in Western contexts. It's still unclear whether and how parent-teacher relationships affect students' academic development, especially in the context of China's uneven development between urban and suburban areas. AIMS: This study examined the urban-suburban differences in the influence of the parent-teacher relationships on students' learning engagement during the last 3 years of primary school to contribute to related policy and practice. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Data were collected annually during the summer period in three waves from Grades 4 to 6. The sample included 1408 students (Mage = 10.35, SD = .48; 49.1% boys) paired with their mothers (Mage = 38.82, SD = 3.54), with 643 pairs from urban areas and 765 pairs from suburban areas in China. In each wave, the parents reported the frequency of contact with their child's teacher during the previous school year as well as the quality of their relationship, and the students reported their learning engagement. Latent growth models were used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS: A statistically significant decline in learning engagement was seen only in suburban students, while the parent-teacher relationships seemed to increase for both suburban and urban participants. Latent growth modelling showed that the increasing levels of relationship quality reduced the decline in the suburban students' learning engagement, although the contact between parents and teachers did not play such a positive role for both urban and suburban students. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal a compensatory effect of the quality of the parent-teacher relationship on suburban students' learning engagement. Considering the difference in students' learning engagement between urban and suburban students, increased effort on high-quality parent-teacher relationships for suburban students is required to better support their academic development.
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Aprendizagem , Professores Escolares , Estudantes , População Suburbana , População Urbana , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , China , Estudos Longitudinais , Criança , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Relações Interpessoais , Pais , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
The development of radiation-tolerant structural materials is an essential element for the success of advanced nuclear energy concepts. A proven strategy to increase radiation resistance is to create microstructures with a high density of internal defect sinks, such as grain boundaries (GBs). However, as GBs absorb defects, they undergo internal transformations that limit their ability to capture defects indefinitely. Here, we show that, as the sink efficiency of GBs becomes exhausted with increasing irradiation dose, networks of irradiation loops form in the vicinity of saturated or near-saturated GB, maintaining and even increasing their capacity to continue absorbing defects. The formation of these networks fundamentally changes the driving force for defect absorption at GB, from "chemical" to "elastic." Using thermally-activated dislocation dynamics simulations, we show that these networks are consistent with experimental measurements of defect densities near GB. Our results point to these networks as a natural continuation of the GB once they exhaust their internal defect absorption capacity.
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Fiber-based artificial muscles are promising for smart textiles capable of sensing, interacting, and adapting to environmental stimuli. However, the application of current artificial muscle-based textiles in wearable and engineering fields has largely remained a constraint due to the limited deformation, restrictive stimulation, and uncomfortable. Here, dual-responsive yarn muscles with high contractile actuation force are fabricated by incorporating a very small fraction (<1 wt.%) of Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites into self-plied and twisted wool yarns. They can lift and lower a load exceeding 3400 times their own weight when stimulated by moisture and photothermal. Furthermore, the yarn muscles are coiled homochirally or heterochirally to produce spring-like muscles, which generated over 550% elongation or 83% contraction under the photothermal stimulation. The actuation mechanism, involving photothermal/moisture-mechanical energy conversion, is clarified by a combination of experiments and finite element simulations. Specifically, MXene/CNF composites serve as both photothermal and hygroscopic agents to accelerate water evaporation under near-infrared (NIR) light and moisture absorption from ambient air. Due to their low-cost facile fabrication, large scalable dimensions, and robust strength coupled with dual responsiveness, these soft actuators are attractive for intelligent textiles and devices such as self-adaptive textiles, soft robotics, and wearable information encryption.
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Têxteis , Animais , Nanofibras/química , Órgãos Artificiais , Lã/química , Celulose/química , Dispositivos Eletrônicos VestíveisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Muscle imbalance has long been recognized as one of the possible pathogeneses for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). PIEZO2, the susceptibility gene of AIS, has been identified to play an important role in neuromuscular activities. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the mRNA expression of PIEZO2 between concave and convex paraspinal muscles of AIS patients and to identify the relationship between the ratio of PIEZO2 expression and curve magnitude. METHODS: Twenty female AIS patients (right thoracic curve) who underwent spinal correction surgery were divided into moderate (n= 12) and severe (⩾ 70 degrees) curve groups (n= 8). The morphology of the paraspinal muscles was assessed with spinal MRI. Multifidus specimens were collected during surgical operations from the concave and convex sides of the apical region, and mRNA expression of the PIEZO2 gene was compared between sides. The localization of PIEZO2 protein expression was confirmed with the markers PAX7 and PAX3, and the percentage of PIEZO2+ cells was also investigated. RESULTS: In the moderate curve group, fatty infiltration in the deep paraspinal muscle was significantly higher on the concave side than on the convex side. There were no differences in deep muscle area, superficial muscle area, or fatty infiltration of superficial paraspinal muscle. The mRNA expression of PIEZO2 was significantly increased on the concave side, and the asymmetric expression predominantly occurred in moderate curves rather than severe ones. PIEZO2 was expressed on satellite cells instead of fibers of the muscle spindle. The percent of PIEZO2+PAX7+ cells in myofibers was significantly higher on the concave side in the moderate curve group, but not in the severe curve group. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric morphological changes occur in the deep paraspinal muscles of AIS. The PIEZO2 is asymmetrically expressed in the multifidus muscle and is preferentially expressed in satellite cells.
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Cifose , Escoliose , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Escoliose/genética , Músculos Paraespinais/metabolismo , Coluna Vertebral , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/genética , Canais Iônicos/metabolismoRESUMO
Soft grippers are essential for precise and gentle handling of delicate, fragile, and easy-to-break objects, such as glassware, electronic components, food items, and biological samples, without causing any damage or deformation. This is especially important in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture, food handling, and biomedical, where accuracy, safety, and preservation of the objects being handled are critical. This article reviews the use of 3D printing technologies in soft grippers, including those made of functional materials, nonfunctional materials, and those with sensors. 3D printing processes that can be used to fabricate each class of soft grippers are discussed. Available 3D printing technologies that are often used in soft grippers are primarily extrusion-based printing (fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing), jet-based printing (polymer jet), and immersion printing (stereolithography and digital light processing). The materials selected for fabricating soft grippers include thermoplastic polymers, UV-curable polymers, polymer gels, soft conductive composites, and hydrogels. It is conclude that 3D printing technologies revolutionize the way soft grippers are being fabricated, expanding their application domains and reducing the difficulties in customization, fabrication, and production.
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Accurate delineation of plant cell organelles from electron microscope images is essential for understanding subcellular behaviour and function. Here we develop a deep-learning pipeline, called the organelle segmentation network (OrgSegNet), for pixel-wise segmentation to identify chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei and vacuoles. OrgSegNet was evaluated on a large manually annotated dataset collected from 19 plant species and achieved state-of-the-art segmentation performance. We defined three digital traits (shape complexity, electron density and cross-sectional area) to track the quantitative features of individual organelles in 2D images and released an open-source web tool called Plantorganelle Hunter for quantitatively profiling subcellular morphology. In addition, the automatic segmentation method was successfully applied to a serial-sectioning scanning microscope technique to create a 3D cell model that offers unique views of the morphology and distribution of these organelles. The functionalities of Plantorganelle Hunter can be easily operated, which will increase efficiency and productivity for the plant science community, and enhance understanding of subcellular biology.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Microscopia Eletrônica , Núcleo Celular , Mitocôndrias , CloroplastosRESUMO
Autonomous object manipulation and perception with environmental factor-triggered and self-powered actuation is one of the most attractive directions for developing next-generation soft robotics with a smart human-machine-environment interface. Humidity, as a sustainable energy source ubiquitous in the surrounding environment, can be used for triggering smart grippers. In this work, it is proposed that by contacts between the gripper and objects upon humidity-induced actuation, real-time distinguishable triboelectric signals can be generated to realize the humidity-driven object manipulation and identification. Herein, a thermo-modified electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone/poly(acrylic acid)/MIL-88A (T-PPM) nanofibrous film with micro-to-nano cross-scale porosity is developed, and a bilayer humidity-responsive actuator (T-HRA) was designed, mimicking the tamariskoid spikemoss to enhance the humidity-driven actuation. The breathing effect of MIL-88A and hierarchical porous structure of the T-PPM facilitate moisture diffusion and offer huge actuation (2.41 cm-1) with a fast response (0.084 cm-1 s-1). For autonomous object manipulation perception, T-PPM was verified as a tribo-positive material located between paper and silk. Accordingly, the T-HRA was demonstrated as a smart soft gripper that generates a different electric signal upon contact with objects of different material. This work proposes a concept of soft robots that are interactive with the environment for both autonomous object manipulation and information acquisition.
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The tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG), a promising semiconductor energy technology, displays outstanding advantages such as low matching impedance and continuous direct-current output. However, the lack of controllable and stable performance modulation strategies is still a major bottleneck that impedes further practical applications of TVNG. Herein, by leveraging the ferroelectricity-enhanced mechanism and the control of interfacial energy band bending, a lead-free perovskite-based (3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium)2 CuCl4 ((DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 )/Al Schottky junction TVNG is constructed. The multiaxial ferroelectricity of (DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 enables an excellent surface charge modulating capacity, realizing a high work function regulation of ≈0.7 eV and over 15-fold current regulation (from 6 to 93 µA) via an electrical poling control. The controllable electrical poling leads to elevated work function difference between the Al electrode and (DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 compared to traditional semiconductors and halide perovskites, which creates a stronger built-in electric field at the Schottky interface to enhance the electrical output. This TVNG device exhibits outstanding flexibility and long-term stability (>20 000 cycles) that can endure extreme mechanical deformations, and can also be used in a capsule-like magnetic suspension device capable of detecting vibration and weights of different objects as well as harvesting energy from human motions and water waves.
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With the increase in human lifespan and the aggravation of global aging, the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing annually. To better manage and control the progression of OA, prompt diagnosis and treatment for early-stage OA are important. However, a sensitive diagnostic modality and therapy for early OA have not been well developed. The exosome is a class of extracellular vesicles containing bioactive substances, that can be delivered directly from original cells to neighboring cells to modulate cellular activities through intercellular communication. In recent years, exosomes have been considered important in the early diagnosis and treatment of OA. Synovial fluid exosome and its encapsulated substances, e.g., microRNA, lncRNA, and proteins, can not only distinguish OA stages but also prevent the progression of OA by directly targeting cartilage or indirectly modulating the immune microenvironment in the joints. In this mini-review, we include recent studies on the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of exosomes and hope to provide a new direction for the early diagnosis and treatment of OA disease in the future.
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Urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) manifests as pelvic pain with frequent urination and has a 10% prevalence rate without effective therapy. Nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles [CNPs]) were synthesized in this study to achieve potential long-term pain relief, using a commonly used UCPPS mouse model with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that serpin family B member 2 (SerpinB2) was the most upregulated marker in mouse bladder, and SerpinB2 was downregulated with CNP pretreatment. The transcriptome sequencing analysis results agreed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results for the expression of related mRNAs and proteins. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets revealed that SerpinB2 was a differentially upregulated gene in human UCPPS. In vitro SerpinB2 knockdown downregulated proinflammatory chemokine expression (chemokine receptor CXCR3 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) upon treatment with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. In conclusion, CNP pretreatment may prevent the development of UCPPS, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and SerpinB2 downregulation may modulate the immune response in UCPPS.
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Objective: The West China Hospital of Sichuan University collaborated with regional medical consortia in Sichuan Province to launch a natural population cohort study (NPCS) to investigate the health status of residents and collect public health data in southwest China. Methods: Up to 80,000 participants will be enrolled by the NPCS from 11 regional medical consortia over five years. Individuals are invited to visit one of 11 participating medical consortia to fill out questionnaires, receive a free health exam, and donate biospecimens upon enrolment. All participating medical facilities adhered to standard operating procedures for collecting and processing biospecimens to ensure uniformity (serum, lithium heparinized plasma, ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid plasma, and buffy coat). The Electronic Data Capture System, Picture Archiving and Communication System, Laboratory Information Management System, Biospecimen Quality Control System, Biobank Information Management System, and will be used to sort and classify clinical indices, imaging data, laboratory parameters, pre-analytical variables, and biospecimen information, respectively. All quality assurance and quality control procedures in the NPCS biobank adhered to the "DAIDS Guidelines for Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Standards". This project will integrate high-dimensional multi-omics data, laboratory data, clinical data, questionnaire data, and environmental risk factors. Results: An estimated 2,240,000 aliquots of the sample will be stored by the end of the study. These samples are linked with comprehensively collected clinical indices, imaging data, and laboratory parameters. Big data analysis can be implemented to create predictive algorithms, explore pathogenesis mechanisms, uncover potential biomarkers, and provide information on public health. Conclusions: NPCS will provide an integrative approach to research risk factors and pathogenesis of major chronic or endemic diseases in Sichuan Province and provide key scientific evidence to support the formulation of health management policies in China.
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Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Biomarcadores , ChinaRESUMO
Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical stress to electrical energy and thus are widely used in energy harvesting and wearable devices. However, in the piezoelectric family, there are two pairs of properties that improving one of them will generally compromises the other, which limits their applications. The first pair is piezoelectric strain and voltage constant, and the second is piezoelectric performance and mechanical softness. Here, we report a molecular bond weakening strategy to mitigate these issues in organic-inorganic hybrid piezoelectrics. By introduction of large-size halide elements, the metal-halide bonds can be effectively weakened, leading to a softening effect on bond strength and reduction in polarization switching barrier. The obtained solid solution C6H5N(CH3)3CdBr2Cl0.75I0.25 exhibits excellent piezoelectric constants (d33 = 367 pm/V, g33 = 3595 × 10-3 Vm/N), energy harvesting property (power density is 11 W/m2), and superior mechanical softness (0.8 GPa), promising this hybrid as high-performance soft piezoelectrics.
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In this work, we study vacancy energetics in the equiatomic Nb-Mo-Ta-W alloy, especially vacancy formation and migration energies, using molecular statics calculations based on a spectral neighbor analysis potential specifically developed for Nb-Mo-Ta-W. We consider vacancy properties in bulk environments as well as near edge dislocation cores, including the effect of short-range order (SRO) by preparing supercells through Metropolis Monte-Carlo relaxations and temperature on the calculation. The nudged elastic band (NEB) method is applied to study vacancy migration energies. Our results show that both vacancy formation energies and vacancy migration energies are statistically distributed with a wide spread, on the order of 1.0 eV in some cases, and display a noticeable dependence on SRO. We find that, in some cases, vacancies can form with very low energies at edge dislocation cores, from which we hypothesize the formation of stable 'superjogs' on edge dislocation lines. Moreover, the large spread in vacancy formation energies results in an asymmetric thermal sampling of the formation energy distribution towards lower values. This gives rise to effective vacancy formation energies that are noticeably lower than the distribution averages. We study the effect that this phenomenon has on the vacancy diffusivity in the alloy and discuss the implications of our findings on the structural features of Nb-Mo-Ta-W.
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Halide-perovskite-based mechanical energy harvesters display excellent electrical output due to their unique ferroelectricity and dielectricity. However, their high toxicity and moisture sensitivity impede their practical applications. Herein, a stretchable, breathable, and stable nanofiber composite (LPPS-NFC) is fabricated through electrospinning of lead-free perovskite/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). The Cs3 Bi2 Br9 perovskites serve as efficient electron acceptors and local nucleating agents for the crystallization of polymer chains, thereby enhancing the electron-trapping capacity and polar crystalline phase in LPPS-NFC. The excellent energy level matching between Cs3 Bi2 Br9 and PVDF-HFP boosts the electron transfer efficiency and reduces the charge loss, thereby promoting the electron-trapping process. Consequently, this LPPS-NFC-based energy harvester displays an excellent electrical output (400 V, 1.63 µA cm-2 , and 2.34 W m-2 ), setting a record of the output voltage among halide-perovskite-based nanogenerators. The LPPS-NFC also exhibits excellent stretchability, waterproofness, and breathability, enabling the fabrication of robust wearable devices that convert mechanical energy from different biomechanical motions into electrical power to drive common electronic devices. The LPPS-NFC-based energy harvesters also endure extreme mechanical deformations (washing, folding, and crumpling) without performance degradation, and maintain stable electrical output up to 5 months, demonstrating their promising potential for use as smart textiles and wearable power sources.
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Bone exhibits piezoelectric properties. Thus, electrical stimulations such as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and stimuli-responsive piezoelectric properties of scaffolds have been investigated separately to evaluate their efficacy in supporting osteogenesis. However, current understanding of cells responding under the combined influence of PEMF and piezoelectric properties in scaffolds is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by functionalization of polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) films with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating that is self-polarized by a modified breath-figure technique. The osteoinductive properties of these PVDF-coated PCL-TCP films on MC3T3-E1 cells were studied under the stimulation of PEMF. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric characterization demonstrated that scaffolds with piezoelectric coefficient d33 = -1.2 pC/N were obtained at a powder dissolution temperature of 100 °C and coating relative humidity (RH) of 56%. DNA quantification showed that cell proliferation was significantly enhanced by PEMF as low as 0.6 mT and 50 Hz. Hydroxyapatite staining showed that cell mineralization was significantly enhanced by incorporation of PVDF coating. Gene expression study showed that the combination of PEMF and PVDF coating promoted late osteogenic gene expression marker most significantly. Collectively, our results suggest that the synergistic effects of PEMF and piezoelectric scaffolds on osteogenesis provide a promising alternative strategy for electrically augmented osteoinduction. The piezoelectric response of PVDF by PEMF, which could provide mechanical strain, is particularly interesting as it could deliver local mechanical stimulation to osteogenic cells using PEMF.
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Fosfatos de Cálcio , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Osteogênese , Poliésteres , Polivinil , Alicerces Teciduais , Regeneração Óssea , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Expressão Gênica , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/genética , Osteogênese/efeitos da radiação , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Polivinil/química , Solventes , Engenharia Tecidual , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
We rationally synthesized the thermoplastic and hydrophilic poly(urethane-acrylate) (HPUA) binder for a type of printable and stretchable Ag flakes-HPUA (Ag-HPUA) electrodes in which the conductivity can be enhanced by human sweat. In the presence of human sweat, the synergistic effect of Cl- and lactic acid enables the partial removal of insulating surfactant on silver flakes and facilitates sintering of the exposed silver flakes, thus the resistance of Ag-HPUA electrodes can be notably reduced in both relaxed and stretched state. The on-body data show that the resistance of one electrode has been decreased from 3.02 to 0.62 ohm during the subject's 27-min sweating activity. A stretchable textile sweat-activated battery using Ag-HPUA electrodes as current collectors and human sweat as the electrolyte was constructed for wearable electronics. The enhanced conductivity of the wearable wiring electrode from the reaction with sweat would provide meritorious insight into the design of wearable devices.