The Combination of Zhuli Decoction and N-butylphthalide Inhibits Cell Apoptosis Induced by CO Poisoning through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3ß Signaling Pathway.

Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) represents a significant global health burden, characterized by its morbidity and high mortality rates. The pathogenesis of COP-induced brain injury is complex, and effective treatment modalities are currently lacking. In this study, we employed network pharmacology to identify therapeutic targets and associated signaling pathways of Zhuli Decoction (ZLD) for COP. Subsequently, we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate the therapeutic efficacy of ZLD in combination with N-butylphthalide (NBP) for acute COP-induced injury. Our network pharmacology analysis revealed that the primary components of ZLD exerted therapeutic effects through the modulation of multiple targets and pathways. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of NBP and ZLD effectively inhibited apoptosis and up-regulated the activities of P-PI3K (Tyr458), P-AKT (Ser473), P-GSK-3ß (Ser9), and Bcl-2, thus leading to the protection of neuronal cells and improvement in cognitive function in rats following COP, which was better than the effects observed with NBP or ZLD alone. The rescue experiment further showed that LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, significantly attenuated the therapeutic efficacy of NBP + ZLD. The neuroprotection effects of NBP and ZLD against COP-induced brain injury are closely linked to the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3ß signaling pathway.

Inequities in human papillomavirus vaccination among children aged 9-14 years old under constrained vaccine supply in China.

BACKGROUND: Inequities in access to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine are becoming a growing critical issue globally. Few studies investigate the factors determining HPV vaccine uptake disparities when vaccine supply is constrained, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate inequities of HPV vaccination and related factors under the constrained vaccine supply in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a developed eastern coastal province and a developing western one in China between November and December 2022. Employing multistage stratified cluster random sampling, the study collected data from parents of children aged 9-14. Mixed-effects logistic regression models with school units as random effects were used for analysis. RESULTS: From 4,127 eligible parents (as vaccine decision makers for girls), 1,346 (32.6%) intended to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, of which 836 (62.1%) attempted to schedule a vaccination appointment. Only 16.4% succeeded in booking an appointment. More than half of the intended parents expected the imported 9-valent HPV vaccine. There were significant disparities in HPV vaccine awareness, intention, and vaccination behavior across educational, income, geographic, ethnic, gender, and health literacy levels. Vaccine awareness and intentions were higher among parents with higher socioeconomic status; however, girls from lower socioeconomic families were more likely to receive the HPV vaccine and had a higher domestically produced vaccination rate. Significant disparities exist in vaccination intentions and actual vaccination behaviors, primarily due to large supply constraints of the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained health education campaigns are needed to raise awareness of the HPV vaccine, improve health literacy, and decrease over-preference for the 9-valent HPV vaccine. A mother's HPV vaccination behavior was positively associated with increased intention and actual vaccination behavior for her daughter. This study advocates for complementary cervical cancer prevention programs targeting both mothers and daughters.

Total synthesis and herbicidal activity of natural rubrolides C, E and F.

Rubrolides are natural butyrolactones isolated from the tunicate Ritterella rubra, shows antibacterial, antiviral and plant photosynthesis inhibitory activities. In this study, a facile total synthetic method for preparing the rubrolides from benzaldehyde by a Darzens reaction, aldol reaction and vinylogous aldol condensation in five steps is presented. Three natural rubrolides (E, C and F) were synthesised in the total yields of 25-40%. The bioassay results indicate that rubrolides E, C and F exhibit some herbicidal inhibitory effect against rapeseed, in particular, rubrolide F shows the best herbicidal activities against rapeseed root with the growth inhibitory rate of 72.8%. At greenhouse treatment concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/L, rubrolide F show a positive dose-toxicity correlation towards abutilon plants. Collectively, facile total Synthesis strategy provided the base for further bioactivities study of rubrolides family. Rubrolide F may be act as inhibitor of photosynthesis, and this could be lead structure of new herbicide.

Structural Characterization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Effects on Macrophages.

A neutral Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (NPCP) was isolated and purified from Polygonatum cyrtonema by various chromatographic techniques, including DEAE-52 and Sephadex-G100 chromatography. The structure of NPCP was characterized by HPLC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, and SEM. Results showed that NPCP is composed of glucose (55.4%) and galactose (44.6%) with a molecular weight of 3.2 kDa, and the sugar chain of NPCP was →1)-α-D-Glc-(4→1)-ß-D-Gal-(3→. In vitro bioactivity experiments demonstrated that NPCP significantly enhanced macrophages proliferation and phagocytosis while inhibiting the M1 polarization induced by LPS as well as the M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in macrophages. Additionally, NPCP suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in both M1 and M2 cells but promoted the secretion of IL-10. These results suggest that NPCP could serve as an immunomodulatory agent with potential applications in anti-inflammatory therapy.

Vulnerable conditions syndemic, depression, and suicidal ideation among school children in China: cross-sectional census findings.

BACKGROUND: Mental health issues (depression and suicidal ideation) are increasingly common in children and emerge as escalating public health concerns. The syndemics that underline the importance of risk factor clustering provides a framework for intervention, but there is a lack of research on syndemics involving the adverse interactions of children's mental health problems. This study therefore examined the cumulative and synergistic effects of vulnerable conditions on depression and suicidal ideation among children in China. METHODS: A mental health screening census of students in grades 5-12 was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 in Nanling County, Anhui Province, China. The prevalence and co-occurrence of vulnerable conditions (unfavorable parental marital status, left-behind experience, bullying victimization, and self-harm behavior), depression, and suicidal ideation and the cumulative and synergistic effects of vulnerable conditions on depression and suicidal ideation were explored. RESULTS: Nearly a quarter of students (24.8%) reported at least two syndemic conditions. Overall, the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation were 20.2% and 24.2% respectively. The odds of depression and suicidal ideation were higher for children with one or more vulnerable conditions and were ten times higher for children with three or more vulnerable conditions compared with those without any vulnerable condition. These four vulnerable conditions can increase the odds of depression and suicidal ideation by interacting synergistically with each other. CONCLUSION: Our findings signal the importance of addressing mental health syndemics among children in China by simultaneously considering concurrent vulnerable conditions.

The effects of parent-child separation on the digital literacy of children and adolescents: A bidirectional perspective study.

From a bidirectional perspective, the present cross-sectional study explored the impacts of parent-child separation on the digital literacy of children and adolescents. Drawing upon data from 1894 students (12-18 years, 49.33 % females) in Nanling county, China, we found that parent-child separation can negatively affect the digital literacy of children and adolescents, but effects differ between children experiencing parental migration or parental divorce. Parental mediation can act as a mediator in this process while children's digital feedback to parents may be considered as an auxiliary promoter. To further promote the digital literacy of children and adolescents experiencing parent-child separation, assigned tasks from adults in which children can practice knowledge and skills related to digital devices and the Internet are recommended.

Fulvic acid-mediated efficient anaerobic digestion for kitchen wastewater: Electrochemical and biochemical mechanisms.

Fulvic acid, prevalent in humus derived from the anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastewater, is crucial in organic matter transformation. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the fate of anaerobic digestion of artificial and kitchen wastewater with different fulvic acid contents was investigated. The results showed that 125 mg/L fulvic acid resulted in a 64.02 and 51.72 % increase in methane production in synthetic and kitchen wastewater, respectively. Fulvic acid acted as an electron mediator and increased substrate oxidation by boosting NAD and ATP levels, thereby increasing microbial metabolic rates and ensuring an adequate substrate for methane generation. Isotope analysis suggested that fulvic acid boosts the conversion of volatile fatty acids to methane via the interspecies electron transfer pathway. Gene expression analysis revealed that cytochrome c, FAD, and other electron transport coenzymes were upregulated by fulvic acid, thereby enhancing substrate utilisation and biogas quality. Fulvic acid presented a dual stimulatory and inhibitory effect on anaerobic digestion, with concentrations over 125 mg/L diminishing its positive impact. This dual effect may stem from the properties and concentrations of fulvic acid. This study revealed the effect mechanism of fulvic acid and provided insights into the humus performance in anaerobic digestion.

Deciphering microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis post­traumatic brain injury: The role of TYROBP in inflammation regulation networks.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant public health challenge. Recovery from brain injury necessitates the collaborative efforts of various resident neural cells, predominantly microglia. The present study analyzed rat and mouse RNA expression micro­arrays, high­throughput RNA sequencing and single­cell sequencing data sourced from public databases. To construct an inflammation regulation network around TYRO protein tyrosine kinase­binding protein (TYROBP), to evaluate the role of TYROBP in cell death after TBI. These findings indicate that following TBI, neurons predominantly communicate with one another through the CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) and CC chemokine ligand (CCL) signaling pathways, employing a paracrine mechanism to activate microglia. These activated microglia intensify the pathological progression of brain injury by releasing factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF­α), vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor ß via the NF­κB pathway. Cells co­culture experiments demonstrated that neurons, impaired by mechanical injury, interact with microglia through non­contact mechanisms. Activated microglia secrete cytokines, including TNF­α, CXCL­8 and CCL2, which trigger an inflammatory response and facilitate neuronal apoptosis. TYROBP gene knockout in microglia was demonstrated to reduce this interaction and reduce neuronal cell apoptosis rates.

Necroptosis-related KLRB1 was a potent tumor suppressor and immunotherapy determinant in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a multifaceted and diverse illness that impacts millions of people globally. Identifying the underlying causes of BRCA and creating efficient treatment plans are urgent. Necroptosis is widely involved in cancer development. However, the specific roles of necroptosis in cancer immunotherapy of breast cancer have not been explored. In this study, we aim to establish the connection between necroptosis and immunotherapy in BRCA. TCGA, METABRIC, GSE103091, GSE159956, and GSE96058 were included for bioinformatics analysis. NMF and CoxBoost algorithms were used to develop the necroptosis-related patterns and model, respectively. A necroptosis-related model was developed and determined KLRB1 as a critical tumor suppressor by in vitro validation. The mutation characteristics, immune characteristics, and molecular functions of KLRB1 were explored. We further examined how necroptosis-related KLRB1 functions in BRCA as a powerful tumor suppressor and regulates the activity of macrophages by in vitro validation, including CCK8, EdU, and Transwell assays. KLRB1 was also revealed to be an immunotherapy determinant.

Echinatin mitigates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of ferroptosis and iron homeostasis.

Surgery and anesthesia are vital medical interventions, but concerns over their potential cognitive side effects, particularly with the use of inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane, have surfaced. This study delves into the neuroprotective potential of Echinatin against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. Echinatin, a natural compound, has exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Sevoflurane, while a popular anesthetic, is associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) and neurotoxicity. Our investigation began with cellular models, where Echinatin demonstrated a significant reduction in sevoflurane-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we identified ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, as a key player in sevoflurane-induced neuronal injury. Echinatin notably suppressed ferroptosis in sevoflurane-exposed cells, suggesting a pivotal role in neuroprotection. Expanding our research to a murine model, we observed perturbations in iron homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidants due to sevoflurane exposure. Echinatin treatment effectively restored iron balance, mitigated inflammation, and preserved antioxidant levels in vivo. Behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze further confirmed Echinatin's neuroprotective potential, as it ameliorated sevoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairments. In conclusion, our study unveils Echinatin as a promising candidate for mitigating sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Through the regulation of ferroptosis, iron homeostasis, and inflammation, Echinatin demonstrates significant neuroprotection both in vitro and in vivo. These findings illuminate the potential for Echinatin to enhance the safety of surgical procedures involving sevoflurane anesthesia, minimizing the risk of cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity.

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus stands as a prominent pathogen in nosocomial and community-acquired infections, capable of inciting various infections at different sites in patients. This includes Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB), which exhibits a severe infection frequently associated with significant mortality rate of approximately 25%. In the absence of better alternative therapies, antibiotics is still the main approach for treating infections. However, excessive use of antibiotics has, in turn, led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to control drug-resistant S. aureus infections. Bacteriophages are viruses with the ability to infect bacteria. Bacteriophages, were used to treat bacterial infections before the advent of antibiotics, but were subsequently replaced by antibiotics due to limited theoretical understanding and inefficient preparation processes at the time. Recently, phages have attracted the attention of many researchers again because of the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of phage biology, animal models, diverse clinical case treatments, and clinical trials in the context of drug-resistant S. aureus phage therapy. It also assesses the strengths and limitations of phage therapy and outlines the future prospects and research directions. This review is expected to offer valuable insights for researchers engaged in phage-based treatments for drug-resistant S. aureus infections.

Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Artemisinin Bivalent Ligands.

Five artemisinin bivalent ligands molecules 4a-4e were designed, synthesized, and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and low-resolution mass spectrometry, and the bioactivities of the target compounds were investigated against four human tumor cell lines in vitro, including BGC-823, HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116. The results showed 4a, 4d, and 4e exhibited significantly tumor cell inhibitory activity compared with the artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin; compound 4e has good biological activity inhibiting BGC-823 with an IC50 value of 8.30 µmol/L. Then, the good correlations with biological results were validated by molecular docking through the established bivalent ligands multi-target model, which showed that 4e could bind well with the antitumor protein MMP-9.

Associations of latent patterns of parent‒child communication with communication quality and mental health outcomes among Chinese left-behind children.

BACKGROUND: Parent‒child communication in migrant families is essential to family bonds and the mental health of left-behind children (LBC). Little is known about the different patterns of communication between migrant parents and LBC and associated communication quality and mental health outcomes. METHODS: A sample of 2,183 Chinese children (mean age = 12.95 ± 1.29 years) from Anhui province, including LBC whose parents had both migrated (n = 1,025) and children whose parents had never migrated (never-LBC, n = 1,158), was analyzed. With the LBC sample, latent class analysis was applied to identify the patterns of parent‒child communication. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between the sociodemographic variables and class membership of LBC. Analysis of covariance and chi-square tests were used to compare communication quality and mental health outcome differences among the classes of LBC and between each of the classes and never-LBC. RESULTS: Five latent classes of communication formed through different media or channels between migrant parents and their LBC were identified. Higher household economic status (OR = 2.81, p < 0.05) was associated with adequate communication. LBC in Class 1, defined by frequent technologically-mediated and face-to-face communication, had a significantly higher quality of communication with their migrant parents (F = 8.92, p < 0.001) and better mental health than those in other latent classes; these children did not have significantly worse mental health outcomes compared to never -LBC. CONCLUSIONS: Facilitating multichannel parent‒child communication is a practical way of reducing mental health inequities between LBC and their peers.

Predictive Value of Nutritional Risk for All-Cause Death and Functional Outcomes in Chinese Elderly Patients with Acute Stroke: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: To explore the predictive value of nutritional risk for all-cause death and functional outcomes among elderly acute stroke patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 479 elderly acute stroke patients were enrolled in this study. The nutritional risk of patients was screened by the GNRI and NRS-2002. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was poor prognosis defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3. Results: Based on the NRS-2002, patients with nutritional risk had a higher risk of all-cause death at 3 months (adjusted OR: 3.642, 95% CI 1.046~12.689) and at 3 years (adjusted OR: 2.266, 95% CI 1.259~4.076) and a higher risk of adverse functional outcomes at 3 months (adjusted OR: 2.748, 95% CI 1.518~4.972. Based on the GNRI, compared to those without nutritional risk, patients with mild malnutrition also had a higher risk of all-cause death at 3 months (adjusted OR: 7.186, 95% CI 1.550~33.315) and at 3 years (adjusted OR: 2.255, 95% CI 1.211~4.199) and a higher risk of adverse functional outcomes at 3 months (adjusted OR: 1.947, 95% CI 1.030~3.680), so patients with moderate and severe malnutrition had a higher risk of all-cause death at 3 months (adjusted OR: 6.535, 95% CI 1.380~30.945) and at 3 years (adjusted OR: 2.498, 95% CI 1.301~4.799) and a higher risk of adverse functional outcomes at 3 months (adjusted OR: 2.213, 95% CI 1.144~4.279). Conclusion: Nutritional risk increases the risk of poor short-term and long-term outcomes in elderly patients with acute stroke. For elderly stroke patients, we should pay attention to early nutritional risk screening, and effective intervention should be provided to improve the prognosis of such patients.

Hesperidin guided injured spinal cord neural regeneration with a combination of MWCNT-collagen-hyaluronic acid composite: In-vitro analysis.

Restoring the lost bioelectrical signal transmission along with the appropriate microenvironment is one of the major clinical challenges in spinal cord regeneration. In the current research, we developed a polysaccharide-based protein composite Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/ Collagen (Col)/ Hyaluronic acid (HA) composite with Hesperidin (Hes) natural compound to investigate its combined therapeutic effect along with biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and electrical conductivity. The multifunctional composites were characterized via FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, BET, C.V, and EIS techniques. The electrical conductivity and modulus of the MWCNT-Col-HA-Hes were 0.06 S/cm and 12.3 kPa, similar to the native spinal cord. The in-vitro Cytotoxicity, cell viability, antioxidant property, and cell migration ability of the prepared composites were investigated with a PC-12 cell line. In-vitro studies revealed that the multifunctional composites show higher cell viability, antioxidant, and cell migration properties than the control cells. Reduction of ROS level indicates that the Hes presence in the composite could reduce the cell stress by protecting it from oxidative damage and promoting cell migration towards the lesion site. The developed multifunctional composite can provide the antioxidant microenvironment with compatibility and mimic the native spinal cord by providing appropriate conductivity and mechanical strength for spinal cord tissue regeneration.

Analysis of telomere length and the relationship with neurocognitive functions in euthymic bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Telomere shortening has been considered a potential biological marker related to disease susceptibility and aging in psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between telomere length and bipolar disorder (BD-I and BD-II) is uncertain. Moreover, whether telomere shortening is an independent factor of cognitive impairment in BD patients is still inconclusive. METHODS: We explore telomere length and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder and the relationship between them. We enrolled three groups (35 patients with euthymic BD-I, 18 with euthymic BD-II, and 38 healthy controls). Telomere length was measured by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and cognitive function was evaluated by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The telomere length of euthymic patients with BD-I and BD-II was shorter than that of healthy controls (F = 8.228, P = 0.001, η2 = 0.176). Telomere length was not significantly different between BD-I and BD-II. Compared to HCs, poor performance was detected in attention and vigilance in BD-I patients (F = 3.473, P = 0.036). Working memory was positively correlated with telomere length in BD-II patients (Beta = 0.5, P = 0.041, Adjusted R2 = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided evidence of shortened telomere length in euthymic BD patients, indicating that telomere shortening might be a promising biomarker of susceptibility to bipolar disorder. The telomere length predicted the working memory in BD-II patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of accelerated aging on cognitive functioning in a young group of patients with BD.

Effect and molecular mechanism of Sulforaphane alleviates brain damage caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning:Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and experimental evidence.

Sulforaphane (SFN) has attracted much attention due to its ability on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, while its functional targets and underlying mechanism of action on brain injury caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we used a systematic network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanism of SFN in the treatment of brain damage after ACOP. In this study, the results of network pharmacology demonstrated that there were a total of 81 effective target genes of SFN and 36 drug-disease targets, which were strongly in connection with autophagy-animal signaling pathway, drug metabolism, and transcription disorders in cancer. Upon the further biological function and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis, a large number of them were involved in neuronal death, reactive oxygen metabolic processes and immune functions. Moreover, based on the results of bioinformatics prediction associated with multiple potential targets and pathways, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was selected to elucidate the molecular mechanism of SFN in the treatment of brain injury caused by ACOP. The following molecular docking analysis also confirmed that SFN can bind to AMPKα well through chemical bonds. In addition, an animal model of ACOP was established by exposure to carbon monoxide in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to verify the predicted results of network pharmacology. We found that the mitochondrial ultrastructure of neurons in rats with ACOP was seriously damaged, and apoptotic cells increased significantly. The histopathological changes were obviously alleviated, apoptosis of cortical neurons was inhibited, and the number of Nissl bodies was increased in the SFN group as compared with the ACOP group (p < .05). Besides, the administration of SFN could increase the expressions of phosphorylated P-AMPK and MFN2 proteins and decrease the levels of DRP1, Caspase3, and Casapase9 proteins in the brain tissue of ACOP rats. These findings suggest that network pharmacology is a useful tool for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, SFN can effectively inhibit apoptosis, protect cortical neurons from the toxicity of carbon monoxide through activating the AMPK pathway and may become a potential therapeutic strategy for brain injury after ACOP.

Associations between unintentional injuries and deliberate self-harm behaviors of children and adolescents: A school-based cross-sectional survey.

While statistics from hospitals showed that the proportion of self-harm or attempted suicide kept growing among children and adolescents aged 6-17 attending the emergency department, cases of self-harm or attempted suicide dissimulated as accidents received scant attention or were neglected. This study aimed to examine associations between unintentional injuries subtypes and deliberate self-harm behaviors from a school-based large-scale survey. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Anhui, China, between November 2022 to January 2023. A total of 28,013 students (aged 11-17, 5th-12th grade) from 35 primary schools, 27 middle schools, and 6 high schools were included for the present study. Unintentional injuries in the past year of children and adolescents reported by parents. Self-harm behaviors in the past year of children and adolescents was measured with one question reported by students. Children and adolescents whose parents reported their contacts with sharp instruments demonstrated the highest risk for self-harm behaviors, followed by poisoning, exposure to electric current, falls, vehicle and traffic injuries, accidental drowning and submersion, and eating foreign bodies. And these associations distributed differently among children and adolescents reporting different frequencies of self-harm behaviors. Thus, we urge attention from parents, child caregivers, and teachers on children and adolescents experiencing certain types of unintentional injuries.

Glycosides from the leaves of Fraxinus Hubeiensis.

Fraxinus hubeiensis is a plant endemic to China and widely used as folk medicine to treat various diseases. However, its chemical constituents have never been reported sufficiently. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of F. hubeiensis leaves. Hence, combined column chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used to identify and characterize the secondary metabolites such as a pair of 3-keto-glycoside epimers (1) and (2), along with five known compounds (3 ~ 7). The results of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity exhibited that 1 and 2 had moderate activity with IC50 values of 359.50 and 468.43 µM, respectively, compared to a positive control acarbose with the IC50 value of 164.08 µM. However, Compounds 1-6 were shown to be inactive against the tested microbes.

Chemical Constituents and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ampelopsis grossedentata.

Ampelopsis grossedentata is a valuable medicinal and edible plant, which is often used as a traditional tea by the Tujia people in China. A. grossedentata has numerous biological activities and is now widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, two new flavonoids (1-2) and seventeen known compounds (3-19) were isolated and identified from the dried stems and leaves of A. grossedentata. These isolated compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic data including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All isolates were assessed for their α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities, and their structure-activity relationships were further discussed. The results indicated that compound 1 exhibited effective inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 0.21 µM. In addition, compounds 1-2 demonstrated not only potent antioxidant activities but also superior hepatoprotective properties. The findings of this study could serve as a reference for the development of A. grossedentata-derived products or drugs aimed at realizing their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective functions.