[Analysis of the reentry status of blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers in Hangzhou City].

Objective: To explore the reentry rate of reactive blood donors in the bloodborne pathogen infection screening in Hangzhou City, and analyze the donation behavior of those who successfully returned. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the return data of blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers was conducted at Zhejiang Provincial Blood Center from June 2017 to May 2022. The reentry process for blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers in Hangzhou City is as follows: after the initial screening period of 6 months, donors can voluntarily apply for return to the blood center. Samples are collected and subjected to routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening for HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ab/Ag, and anti-TP, as well as a single nucleic acid (HIV/HCV/HBV) test. For samples that show non-reactivity in both ELISA and nucleic acid tests, serum biomarker testing for the reasons of exclusion is performed using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and those with non-reactivity are allowed to return. Results: A total of 4 583 reactive blood donors who met the criteria for re-entry applied for reentry, out of which 475 applications were received from donors in the Hangzhou area. Among these, 279 donors were successfully readmitted, resulting in a success rate of 58.74% (279/475). By the end of December 2021, out of the 174 donors who successfully returned, 114 donors chose to donate again. They collectively donated 39 530 ml of whole blood and 1 147.2 therapeutic doses of platelets. Among these, 21 donors once again showed reactivity for pathogen infection biomarkers, accounting for 18.42% (21/114). Conclusion: The reentry strategy has somewhat mitigated the attrition of blood donors. Nevertheless, there are instances where donors who were successfully readmitted show reactivity once more in the screening for pathogen infection biomarkers.

The novel HLA-A*02:625 allele was identified in a Chinese bone marrow donor.

HLA-A*02:625 differs from HLA-A*02:06:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 806 C>T.

Characterization of a novel allelic variant in HLA-B*40 lineage, HLA-B*40:298:02, by cloning and sequencing.

A novel allelic variant in HLA-B*40 lineage, HLA-B*40:298:02, has been identified in an individual of Han ethnicity afflicted with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China. Following polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new variant was further confirmed by two distinct strategies of cloning and sequencing. HLA-B*40:298:02 differs from HLA-B*40:298:01 by a single synonymous cytosine substitution at nucleotide position 26 (T→C) in exon 3, which corresponds to codon 99 of the mature HLA-B mRNA molecule. This new allele has an estimated frequency of 0.0002, in about 2,500 sequence-based typed subjects from the same population.

Identification of the novel HLA-DQB1*06:209 allele in a Chinese individual.

HLA-DQB1*06:209 has one nucleotide change from HLA-DQB1*06:01:01 at position 260 G>C in exon 2.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*40:333 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.

HLA-B*40:333 differs from HLA-B*40:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 380 T>C.

The novel null allele, HLA-B*40:338N, was identified in a Chinese leukemia patient.

HLA-B*40:338N differs from HLA-B*40:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 843C>A.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*27:04:06 allele in a Chinese bone marrow donor.

HLA-B*27:04:06 differs from HLA-B*27:04:01 by a single-nucleotide substitution at position 396 C > A.

Identification of the novel HLA-DQB1*03:181 allele in a Chinese leukemia patient.

HLA-DQB1*03:181 has one nucleotide change from HLA-DQB1*03:05:01 at position 470C>G.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*13:98 allele in a Chinese individual.

HLA-B*13:98 differs from HLA-B*13:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 193 A>G.

Characterization of a novel HLA-B*39:01:01-related allele, HLA-B*39:130, by cloning and phasing.

A novel HLA-B*39:01:01-related variant, HLA-B*39:130, has been identified in a normal individual of Han ethnicity in Hunan province, southern China. Following Sanger polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning, phasing and sequencing. Aligned with HLA-B*39:01:01, HLA-B*39:130 has a nonsynonymous thymine substitution at nucleotide position 94 in exon 4, resulting in amino acid change from threonine to isoleucine at codon 214 (ACA→ATA) of the mature HLA-BmRNA molecule.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*40:01:41 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor.

HLA-B*40:01:41 differs from HLA-B*40:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 195 G>A.

A new MICA allele, MICA*007:07, characterized by cloning and sequencing.

A new MICA allelic variant, MICA*007:07, was identified in an individual of Mongol ethnicity in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. Following polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICA*007:07 differs from MICA*007:01 by a synonymous mutation from G to A at the 2nd nucleotide position in exon 2. MICA*007:07 was linked to HLA-B*27:05.

Identification of the novel HLA-DRB1*15:127 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese bone marrow donor.

HLA-DRB1*15:127 has 1 nucleotide change from HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01 at position 308 C>G.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*27:147 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.

HLA-B*27:147 differs from HLA-B*27:04:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 523 C>G.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*52:01:27 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.

HLA-B*52:01:27 differs from HLA-B*52:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 681 C>T.

Identification of 2 novel HLA-B alleles, HLA-B*55:02:09 and HLA-B*55:80 in Chinese individuals.

HLA-B*55:02:09 and HLA-B*55:80 differ from HLA-B*55:02:01 by 1 single nucleotide substitution, respectively.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*13:83 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor.

HLA-B*13:83 differs from HLA-B*13:01:01 by 2 nucleotide substitutions at positions 103 and 106.

A novel HLA-C allele, HLA-C*08:128, was identified in a leukemia patient by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.

HLA-C*08:128 shows a substitution C to T at position 704 when compared to HLA-C*08:01:01.

Identification of the novel null allele, HLA-C*01:109N, using polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese leukemia patient.

HLA-C*01:109N differs from HLA-C*01:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 683 G > A.

New mobile methods for dietary assessment: review of image-assisted and image-based dietary assessment methods.

For nutrition practitioners and researchers, assessing dietary intake of children and adults with a high level of accuracy continues to be a challenge. Developments in mobile technologies have created a role for images in the assessment of dietary intake. The objective of this review was to examine peer-reviewed published papers covering development, evaluation and/or validation of image-assisted or image-based dietary assessment methods from December 2013 to January 2016. Images taken with handheld devices or wearable cameras have been used to assist traditional dietary assessment methods for portion size estimations made by dietitians (image-assisted methods). Image-assisted approaches can supplement either dietary records or 24-h dietary recalls. In recent years, image-based approaches integrating application technology for mobile devices have been developed (image-based methods). Image-based approaches aim at capturing all eating occasions by images as the primary record of dietary intake, and therefore follow the methodology of food records. The present paper reviews several image-assisted and image-based methods, their benefits and challenges; followed by details on an image-based mobile food record. Mobile technology offers a wide range of feasible options for dietary assessment, which are easier to incorporate into daily routines. The presented studies illustrate that image-assisted methods can improve the accuracy of conventional dietary assessment methods by adding eating occasion detail via pictures captured by an individual (dynamic images). All of the studies reduced underreporting with the help of images compared with results with traditional assessment methods. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better delineate attributes with regards to age of user, degree of error and cost.