[Characteristics of Soil NO Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region for Year 2018].

Soil NO emissions represent an important source of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) and play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Based on the latest BDSNP algorithm, this study estimated the soil NO emissions over the Yangtze River Delta region for the year 2018 and further analyzed the associated temporal and spatial variations and uncertainties. The results showed that the annual soil NO emissions in 2018 over the YRD region was 213.6 kt, accounting for 7.3% of the total anthropogenic NOx emissions. Areas with high emissions were mainly concentrated in northern Anhui Province and most parts of Jiangsu Province. In terms of monthly variations, soil NO emissions peaked in June, accounting for 19.9% of the annual emissions and 19.7% of anthropogenic NOx emissions in June. In terms of daily variations, soil NO emissions peaked around 16:00 and accounted for 5.5% of daily emissions. Soil NO emissions came from three components:soil background, nitrogen fertilizer application, and nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen fertilizer application was the main source of soil NO emissions, accounting for up to 77.8%. With the in-depth reduction in NOx emissions from motor vehicles and industries, the importance of soil NO emissions will become increasingly prominent.

[Emission Inventory of Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds(IVOCs) from Biomass Burning in the Yangtze River Delta During 2010-2018].

Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are important precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) but are currently not included in the conventional emissions inventories. Biomass burning represents an important source of IVOCs that could contribute to SOA formation. This study estimated the IVOC emissions from biomass burning in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2010 to 2018 based on the fire inventory from NCAR (FINN) and the IVOCs/primary organic aerosol (POA) ratio reported in literature. During this period, the total number of fire events over the YRD region presented a declining trend, with an average of 104 fire events detected per year. During 2016-2018, the average number of fire events was approximately 6000 per year, which was 60% less than that prior to 2016. In terms of the monthly variation, the period from May to August was the period with the most fires observed, which was followed by a small peak in October. The results calculated based on the IVOCs/POA ratio method showed that the IVOC emissions from biomass burning exhibited large differences with different combinations of POA/OC and IVOCs/POA ratios, ranging from a maximum of 305.7×104 t to as small as 10.5×104 t. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the uncertainties associated with the IVOCs/POA ratio method range from -99% to 68%.

[Diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis japonica-concensuses among ex- perts in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces].

In order to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis japonica in China, on the basis of evidence-based medicine, the experts on schistosomiasis control from Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces summarized their consensuses on the disease after the discussion on the current situation and progress of clinical diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis in China, with the reference to the Diagnostic Criteria for Schistosomiasis (WS261-2006), which aimed to establish the therapeutic standards or guideline of schistosomiasis in China.