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Objective:To investigate the feasibility and effect of the modified surgery of the classic infratemporal fossa type A approach for the surgical treatment of jugular foramen paraganglioma with preservation of the external and middle ear structures. Methods:The medical data of 2 patients with jugular foraminal paraganglioma treated by sublabyrinthic-transmastoid approach were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical feature, degree of tumor resection, postoperative facial nerve function and hearing retention, and the incidence of postoperative complications were evaluated. Results:Two patients were both female, and were pathologically confirmed as paraganglioma. The tumor of case 1 was staged as C2De1, and case 2 as C1De1. Tumors were completely resected in both patients. Case 1 suffered infection after surgery, with residual tympanic membrane perforation and mixed deafness. Case 2 developed mild facial paralysisï¼grade â ¡ï¼ after surgery, and recovered after symptomatic treatment. There was no tumor residue or recurrence during half a year of follow-up. Conclusion:Surgical treatment of certain paragangliomas in the jugular foramen with a combined sublabyrinthic-transmastoid and upper neck approach might achieve both complete resection of the tumor and preserving the structure and function of the outer-middle ear. This procedure is suitable for paragangliomas restricted in the jugular foramen area, with no or limited involvement of the internal carotid arteryï¼C1 or C2ï¼, and with no or mild hearing loss.
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Orelha Média , Paraganglioma , Humanos , Feminino , Paraganglioma/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Orelha Média/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Forâmen Jugular/cirurgia , Orelha Externa/cirurgia , AdultoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Draf1-3 on frontal sinus airflow and frontal sinus irrigation in people with different frontal sinus development METHODS: The development of the frontal sinus and the distribution of the frontal recess cells were evaluated by CT scan in 150 adults (300 sides). The airflow changes into the frontal sinus and frontal recess after Draf were analyzed by Fluent software under a steady state and quiet inspiratory state. Nasal irrigation after Draf in adults with well-developed frontal sinus was simulated using 120 mL saline at a rate of 12 mL/s in a position at 45° to observe the changes in transient flow distribution. RESULTS: The moderately developed type of the frontal sinus was the most common. The airflow patterns in the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the moderate development group were laminar, while several large vortexes were formed between the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the well-development group. The Draf exerted more significant effects on the patterns, pressure, and velocity of the airflow in the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the well development group than in the moderate development group. The volume fraction of saline in the frontal sinus increased significantly from Draf1 to Draf3, and the time required for a complete infiltration of saline in the frontal sinus mucosa was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Draf1-3 has different effects on the airflow field of the frontal sinus with different developmental types; and Draf1-3 can significantly improve the postoperative flushing of the frontal sinus.
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Seio Frontal , Adulto , Humanos , Seio Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Frontal/cirurgia , Hidrodinâmica , Simulação por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Lavagem Nasal , EndoscopiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As the main pathological basis for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis has become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Emerging evidence has suggested that Rho GTPase Rnd3 plays an indisputable role in cardiovascular diseases, although its function in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we found a significant correlation between Rnd3 and pyroptosis of aortic endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: ApoeKO mice were utilized as a model for atherosclerosis. Endothelium-specific transgenic mice were employed to disrupt the expression level of Rnd3 in vivo. Mechanistic investigation of the impact of Rnd3 on endothelial cell pyroptosis was carried out using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays, and molecular docking. RESULTS: Evidence from gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies denoted a protective role for Rnd3 against ECs pyroptosis. Downregulation of Rnd3 sensitized ECs to pyroptosis under oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) challenge and exacerbated atherosclerosis, while overexpression of Rnd3 effectively prevented these effects. LC-MS/MS, Co-IP assay, and molecular docking revealed that Rnd3 negatively regulated pyroptosis signaling by direct interaction with the ring finger domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This leads to the suppression of K63-linked TRAF6 ubiquitination and the promotion of K48-linked TRAF6 ubiquitination, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and promoting the degradation of TRAF6. Moreover, TRAF6 knockdown countered Rnd3 knockout-evoked exacerbation of EC pyroptosis in vivo and vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish a critical functional connection between Rnd3 and the TRAF6/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in ECs, indicating the essential role of Rnd3 in preventing pyroptosis of ECs.
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Aterosclerose , Células Endoteliais , Piroptose , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP , Animais , Camundongos , Aterosclerose/genética , Cromatografia Líquida , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , NF-kappa B , Piroptose/genética , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF/genéticaRESUMO
Rationale: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, a key pathological feature in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), is triggered by oxidative stress, inflammation, and various metabolic disorders in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the primary source of ECM proteins and the ultimate effector cells in ECM remodeling. CFs are turned on and differentiated into myofibroblasts in response to profibrotic signaling. Rnd3 is a small Rho-GTPase involved in the regulation of cell-cycle distribution, cell migration, and cell morphogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a link between Rnd3 expression and onset of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of Rnd3 in DCM remains unknown. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to separate different types of cardiac cells. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was established in Rnd3 fibroblast-specific knockout and transgenic mice. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to discern signaling pathways involved. Results: Rnd3 expression was reduced in cardiac tissues of diabetic mice, with CFs being the primary cell type. Fibroblast-specific upregulation of Rnd3 in vivo was protective against DCM, whereas Rnd3 downregulation in fibroblasts accentuated cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis, ventricular remodeling, and dysfunction. Moreover, in vitro Rnd3 overexpression significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species production, CF migration and proliferation under high levels of glucose (35 mmol/L) and palmitic acid (500 µmol/L) challenge. Furthermore, RNA sequencing indicated that Notch and TGF-ß signaling were significantly suppressed upon Rnd3 overexpression. Mechanistically, Rnd3 regulated Notch and TGF-ß signaling by interacting with NICD and ROCK1, respectively. Specifically, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity control Rnd3 expression by regulating the binding of Nr1H2 and Rnd3 promoter. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence in that fibroblast-specific activation of Rnd3 protects against cardiac remodeling in DCM, indicating promises of targeting Rnd3 in the treatment of DCM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas , Miofibroblastos , Remodelação Ventricular , Animais , Camundongos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/genética , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/patologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Remodelação Ventricular/genética , Remodelação Ventricular/fisiologia , Miofibroblastos/metabolismo , Miofibroblastos/patologiaRESUMO
Objective:According to the characteristics of endoscopic transnasal and transoral surgery for infratemporal fossa tumors, we divided and named subzones of the infratemporal fossa, to explore the approaches of endoscopic transnasal and transoral surgery for infratemporal fossa tumors, and to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 36 patients with benign tumors of infratemporal fossa successfully resected through nose or mouth under endoscope, summarized and analyzed the localization characteristics of these tumors in infratemporal fossa, and made a subzone naming rule of infratemporal fossa. We also summarized the selection principles, advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic transnasal and transoral surgical approaches. Results:The infratemporal fossa area is divided into ABC area. Area A is the fat pad area posterolateral of maxillary sinus. Area B is further divided into B1 ï¼above the plane of maxillary sinus floor, anterior styloid processï¼, B2 ï¼below the plane of maxillary sinus floor, anterior styloid processï¼, and B3 ï¼posterior styloid process to anterior vertebraï¼; Area C is retropharyngeal and eustachian tube area. The location of the tumor in the infratemporal fossa determines the choice of transnasal and transoral approaches. All tumors were completely removed, and no tumor recurred during the follow-up. A few patients had temporary local sensory function decline, and recovered during the follow-up. Conclusion:The infratemporal fossa region naming rule according to the characteristics of endoscopic transoral and transnasal surgery approach is simple and practical, which can effectively guide the operation of the infratemporal fossa region and has clinical application value.
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Fossa Infratemporal , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar , Endoscopia , Humanos , Seio Maxilar , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Cardiac fibroblast (CF)-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is the key pathological basis for the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); its specific regulatory mechanisms have been widely studied but remain unclear. Exosomes are a type of stable signal transmission medium, and exosome-mediated cell-cell interactions play an important role in DCM. Endothelial cells form an important barrier between circulation and cardiomyocytes, in addition to being an important endocrine organ of the heart and an initial target for hyperglycemia, a key aspect in the development of DCM. We previously showed that exosomes derived from cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) under high glucose conditions can be taken up by cardiomyocytes and regulate autophagy, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. Consequently, in the present study, we focused on how exosomes mediate the interaction between CMECs and CFs. Surprisingly, exosomes derived from CMECs under high glucose were rich in TGF-ß1 mRNA, which significantly promoted the activation of CFs. Additionally, exosomes derived from CMECs under high glucose conditions aggravated perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in mice treated with streptozotocin. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time the capacity of exosomes, released by CMECs under high glucose, to mediate fibroblast activation through TGF-ß1 mRNA, which may be potentially beneficial in the development of exosome-targeted therapies to control DCM.
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Células Endoteliais , Exossomos , Animais , Fibroblastos , Glucose , Camundongos , Miocárdio , Miócitos Cardíacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important source of myofibroblasts that directly affects cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via an unknown underlying mechanism. Sirt6 is a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes that plays an important role in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether Sirt6 participates in EndMT during the development of T2DM and the possible underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: Endothelium-specific Sirt6 knockout (Sirt6-KOEC) mice (C57BL/6 genetic background) were generated using the classic Cre/loxp gene recombination system. T2DM was induced in eight-week-old male mice by feeding with a high-fat diet for three weeks followed by i.p. injection with 30 mg/kg of streptozotocin. The weight, lipids profiles, insulin, food intake and water intake of experimental animals were measured on a weekly basis. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were obtained from adult male mice; the isolated cells were cultured with high glucose (HG; 33 mmol/L) and palmitic acid (PA; 500 µmol/L) in DMEM for 24 h, or with normal glucose (NG; 5 mmol/L) as the control. RESULTS: Sirt6 expression is significantly downregulated in CMECs treated with HG+PA. Additionally, Sirt6-KOEC was found to worsen DCM, as indicated by aggravated perivascular fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and decreased cardiac function. In vitro, Sirt6 knockdown exacerbated the proliferation, and migration of CMECs exposed to HG+PA. Mechanistically, Sirt6 knockdown significantly enhanced Notch1 activation in CMECs treated with HG+PA, whereas Notch1 adenoviral interference significantly blunted the effects of Sirt6 knockdown on CMECs. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate that Sirt6 participates in EndMT via the Notch1 signaling pathway in CMECs stimulated with HG+PA. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that Sirt6 could provide a potential treatment strategy for DCM.
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Promoting the separation of photogenerated charges and enhanced optical absorption capacity is the main means to modify photocatalytic capacities to advance semiconductor photocatalyst applications. For the first time, a novel ternary photocatalyst for dual Z-scheme system AgBr/LaNiO3/g-C3N4 (ALG) was prepared via a modest ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. The results indicated that LaNiO3 nanoballs and AgBr nanoparticles were successfully grown on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets. A dual Z-scheme photocatalytic reaction system could be constructed based on the energy band matching within AgBr, LaNiO3 and g-C3N4. Metallic Ag during the photocatalytic reaction process acted as the active electrons transfer center to enhance the photocatalytic charge pairs separation. The chemical composition of ALG was optimized and composites with 3% AgBr, 30% LaNiO3 and 100% g-C3N4 which was noted as 3-ALG displayed the best photocatalytic performance. A total of 92% of norfloxacin (NOR) was photodegraded within two hours over ALG and the photodegradation rate remained >90% after six cycles. The main active species during the degradation course were photogenerated holes, superoxide radical anion and hydroxyl radical. A possible mechanism was proposed based on the synergetic effects within AgBr, LaNiO3 and g-C3N4. This work would offer a credible theoretical basis for the application of dual Z-scheme photocatalysts in environment restoration.
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Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Grafite/química , Lantânio/química , Nióbio/química , Norfloxacino/metabolismo , Óxidos/química , Fotólise , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Norfloxacino/química , Norfloxacino/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The development of a "green" treatment process for typical indoor pollutants such as toluene is greatly desirable. In this study, ZnAl(2)O(4) nanoparticles were prepared via three different routes, i.e., solvothermal, citrate precursor and hydrothermal methods. Their structural properties were systematically investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The photo-induced charge separation in the samples was demonstrated by surface photovoltage (SPV) measurement. The photocatalytic performances of the ZnAl(2)O(4) samples and nanostructured TiO(2) samples were comparatively studied by the degradation of gaseous toluene under UV lamp irradiation in in situ FTIR reactor. The results indicated that the sample synthesized by facile solvothermal method exhibited about 90% photocatalytic efficiency of toluene. The toluene was mineralized into carbon dioxide and water as the major species. The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous pollutant over UV-illuminated ZnAl(2)O(4) is a promising technique for air purification.