RESUMO
Climate change ubiquitously influences social determinants of health via various pathways. Disproportionately burdening communities who have contributed the least to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and benefitted the least from economic benefits obtained through high-emission activities that cause climate change, climate justice must be centered in any discussion of health equity. This article will explore how climate change contributes to health disparities in vulnerable populations, why this is a justice issue for primary care to address, and what we can do to promote equity, resilience, and adaption in our current economic system while mitigating GHG emissions, leveraging the health sector.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Gases de Efeito Estufa , Humanos , Efeito Estufa , Gases de Efeito Estufa/análiseAssuntos
Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária/educação , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Saúde Global , Enfermeiros Internacionais/educação , Currículo , Humanos , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Relações Interprofissionais , Liderança , Modelos Educacionais , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem , Projetos Piloto , Determinantes Sociais da SaúdeRESUMO
Underserved communities suffer from environmental inequities. Gases lead to hypoxia and respiratory compromise, ozone to increased respiratory illnesses and decreased mental acuity, and mercury to prenatal cognitive disabilities and antisocial behaviors. Lead toxicity is associated with developmental delays. Cadmium is linked with cancer. The smaller sizes of air pollution particulate matter are pathogenic and are associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and nervous system disorders. Bisphenol A is being studied for possible links to cancer and pregnancy risks. Physicians should be aware of these dangers, especially in underserved communities and populations. Investigating possible environmental risks and education are key.
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Justiça Social , Populações Vulneráveis , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Climate change is the greatest global health threat of the twenty-first century, yet it is not widely understood as a health hazard by primary care providers in the United States. Aside from increasing displacement of populations and acute trauma resulting from increasing frequency of natural disasters, the impact of climate change on temperature stress, vector-borne illnesses, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, and mental health is significant, with disproportionate impact on underserved and marginalized populations. Primary care providers must be aware of the impact of climate change on the health of their patients and advocate for adaptation and mitigation policies for the populations they serve.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Populações Vulneráveis , Animais , Desastres , Vetores de Doenças , Nível de Saúde , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Project Purpose: Discuss the healing practices and expressions as well as any perceived barriers to practice of traditional Nandi healers working as specialized herbalists (three) and midwife (one) in a rural community in Western Kenya. METHODOLOGY: This Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) project used qualitative approaches including individual recorded interviews conducted in private in a community in rural western Kenya, which were later transcribed and reviewed with key messages identified. The key messages were then corroborated by the participants and reviewed by the doctoral project committee. PARTICIPANTS: Four traditional healers, self-identified as herbalists and/or midwives. FINDINGS: Five key messages emerged from the data which included; knowledge related to traditional healing, practice of traditional healing, compensation, outsiders, and the future of traditional healing in this community.
Assuntos
Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Quênia , População Rural , Enfermagem TransculturalRESUMO
Travel abroad for business and pleasure should be safe and meaningful for the traveler. To assure that safe experience, certain processes should be considered before travel. A thorough pretravel health assessment will offer patients and health care providers valuable information for anticipatory guidance before travel. The destination-based risk assessment will help determine the risks involved in travel to specific locations and guide in the development of contingency plans for all travelers, especially those with chronic conditions. Diseases are more prevalent overseas, and immunizations and vaccinations are all important considerations for persons traveling abroad.
Assuntos
Viagem , Feminino , Saúde Global , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Medicina de Viagem , Vacinas/uso terapêutico , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The effects of different dietary patterns on specific age-related illness and overall longevity are discussed.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Dieta/métodos , Longevidade , HumanosRESUMO
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent health challenge to the global health care industry. The goal of prevention is compression of morbidity and enhancement of quality of life through modification of lifestyle and environmental risk factors. Treatment of established cardiovascular disease is expensive and inefficient relative to disease prevention. This article discusses some of the more common nonpharmacologic methods of preventing heart disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Antioxidantes , Dieta/métodos , Alimentos , Humanos , Minerais , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , VitaminasRESUMO
Hormone ablation therapy typically causes regression of prostate cancer and represents an important means of treating this disease, particularly after metastasis. However, hormone therapy inevitably loses its effectiveness as tumors become androgen-independent, and this conversion often leads to death because of subsequent poor responses to other forms of treatment. Because environmental factors, such as diet, have been strongly linked to prostate cancer, we examined the affects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; at 1.5 wt%) on growth of androgen-dependent (CWR22) and androgen-independent (CWR22R) human prostatic cancer xenografts, the acute response of CWR22 tumors to ablation therapy, and their progression to androgen independence. Significant diet-induced changes in tumor n-3 or n-6 PUFA content had no affect on CWR22 or CWR22R tumors growing with or without androgen support, respectively. However, dietary changes that increased tumor eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid content enhanced responses to ablation therapy, measured by cancer cell apoptosis and mitosis. In addition, relapse to androgen-independent growth (measured by renewed increases in tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen after ablation) positively correlated with tumor arachidonic acid content. There was no correlation between expression of 15-lipoxygenase isozymes or their products and tumor growth or responses to ablation. In conclusion, dietary n-3 PUFA may enhance the response of prostate cancer to ablation therapy and retard progression to androgen-independent growth by altering tumor PUFA content.
Assuntos
Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/dietoterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/dietoterapia , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Ácido Araquidônico/uso terapêutico , Western Blotting , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Eicosanoides/biossíntese , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ácido Linoleico/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Ácido Oleico/uso terapêutico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
To determine its effect on intestinal tumorigenesis and the protumorigenic COX pathway in Apc(Min/+) mice, resveratrol was administered as a powdered admixture in the diet at 0, 4, 20, or 90 mg/kg body weight for 7 wk. In two separate experiments, resveratrol did not affect intestinal tumor load. It was stable in the diet under experimental conditions, circulated in the plasma as the glucuronide-conjugated form and reached the tumors as evidenced by significant decreases in PGE2 levels. However, immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tumors revealed no changes in COX-2 expression. This study demonstrates that resveratrol consumed ad libitum in the diet, does not modify tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice.