[An analysis of the selected parameters of the normal hip joint during growth in magnetic resonance imaging]. / Analiza niektórych parametrów budowy prawidlowego stawu biodrowego w przebiegu jego wzrostu w obrazie rezonansu magnetycznego.

Dynamics of the selected parameters of the normal hip joint during growth has been presented. Fifty-three normal hips in 40 individuals aged 3-17 years were assessed with Magneton Impact MRI. The angles and indices were found on T1 coronal images in Spin Echo or Turbo Spin Echo sequence. Acetabular roof angle of Hilgenreiner, acetabular inclination angle of Sharp, Wiberg angle and Heyman-Herndon index were calculated with both bony and cartilaginous elements regarded. Parameters based on cartilaginous parts of the joint did not change during normal growth, but they do change if calculated with the use of bony landmarks reaching Acartilaginous values by the age of 14-15. The results suggest, that during growth gradual ossification of cartilaginous elements takes place but the proportions remain unchanged. The investigation determines the age of enhanced ossification and the age of its termination.

[Development of the normal infantile hip joints assessed by MRI]. / Badania nad rozwojem dzieciecego prawidlowego stawu biodrowego w obrazie rezonansu magnetycznego.

The paper provides an overview of the time of appearance of the secondary ossification centers and closure of the growth plates of the acetabulum and proximal epiphysis of the femur: the triradiate cartilage, the acetabular roof growth cartilage, the subcapital growth cartilage, the growth cartilage of the major trochanter, the growth cartilage of the minor trochanter. The study is based upon 62 MRI scans of healthy hips in 45 patients aged 3-21. The examined hips showed no pathologic traits--neither in the MRI scan nor in X-ray investigation. In Spin Echo and Turbo Spin Echo sequential imaging all obtained slices were used, on GRADIENT ECHO: FISP 3D, FLASH 2D, and FLASH 3D FAT SAT only chosen slices were included in the study. This way the following results were obtained: the ossification center of the major trochanter appears at the age of 3 in girls and at the age of 6 in boys, while the ossification center of the minor trochanter appears at the age of 6 in both sexes. The times of complete ossification of following growth cartilages were observed: for the triradiate cartilage ossification was observed at age 12-15 in girls and 15-16 in boys; for the cartilage of the acetabular roof ossification was noted at age 12-15 in girls and 15-18 in boys; ossification in the subcapital growth cartilage occurred at age 15-17 in girls and 16-18 in boys; the major trochanter growth cartilage ossifies at age 15-16 in girls and 16-18 in boys; for the minor trochanter ossification of the growth cartilage occurs at age 14-16 in girls and at age 16-18 in boys. The secondary ossification center of the pubic bone appears at age 9-11 in girls and 13-16 in boys and the secondary ossification center of the acetabular roof appears at age 13-17 in girls and boys. This study expand our knowledge on the development of the hip joint and facilitate the assessment of hip pathology.

[Possibility of stereometric evaluation of child's hip structures by MRI]. / Mozliwosci oceny przestrzennej struktur dzieciecego stawu biodrowego za pomoca rezonansu magnetycznego (MR).

A series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 188 pathologic and normal hip joints has been reviewed to evaluate usefulness of this method for 3-D imaging of this joint. The age of patients ranged from 3 years to 22 years. MRI was done for diagnosis, pre-operative planning or post-operative assessment. Fifty-four hips were normal. Normal hip, dysplastic and the one after septic arthritis have been delineated. All MRI examinations were done with Magnetic Impact. Spin Echo, Turbo Spin Echo and FLASH 3D FAT SAT techniques were employed, all three planes included. All hip joint elements were separately described, the difference between the immature and adult hip were presented. Objective parameters were introduced. MRI proved extremely useful for diagnostics, surgery planning and follow-up of immature hip joint.

Value of posterior cruciate ligament index in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Assessment of the diagnostic value of the posterior cruciate ligament index (PCL index) for injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was done. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee joint arthroscopy of 170 patients were evaluated. The shortest distance between the femoral and tibial attachment of PCL (x) and the distance from that line to the tip of the arc marked by the PCL (y) on the sagittal plane images were measured. The quotient of these two parameters (x/y) defined the PCL index. In 100 patients, for whom arthroscopy ruled out ACL injury, the mean PCL index was 5.01 +/- 0.76. In 30 patients in whom arthroscopy showed total ACL rupture, the mean PCL index was 2.88 +/- 0.74, and in 10 patients with ACL partial rupture, 3.09 +/- 0.23. The conclusion is that injury to the ACL changes the PCL index markedly. In diagnostically unreliable MR images, deterioration of the PCL index could help in the diagnosis of ACL injury.

[A case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the right atrium and massive pulmonary embolism]. / Przypadek pierwotnego raka watroby powiklanego skrzeplina w prawym przedsionku i masywna zatorowoscia plucna.

We present a case report of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium complicated by pulmonary embolism. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for searching a cause of thrombus in the right atrium. The patient complained of shortness of breath and oedema of the lower extremities. He had a history of hepatitis B. Abdominal sonography and computed tomography revealed a tumor of the liver. A needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Magnetic resonance showed a tumor thrombus also in the inferior vena cava. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was confirmed by pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy. This case stresses that clinicians should include hepatocellular carcinoma among the possible causes of intracardiac thrombus and pulmonary embolism.

[The role of complex diagnostic examination in von Hippel-Lindau disease]. / Znaczenie kompleksowych badan diagnostycznych w chorobie von Hippel-Lindau.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease belongs to phakomatosis. It is a dominantly autosomally inherited disease. The aim of the study was to present and evaluate different methods of diagnostic examinations (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography) in 14 patients with the disease. The results of investigations showed a wide variety of visceral manifestations. All the patients are carefully followed up. Control examinations every six months allow to check for and treat any new pathological changes in the retina.

[Changes in the subcapital growth plate due to avascular necrosis after treatment for congenital hip dislocation in radiologic, tomographic and magnetic resonance examinations]. / Zmiany w chrzastce nasadowej podglowowej w nastepstwie zaburzen odzywczych po leczeniu wrodzonego zwichniecia biodra w badaniu radiologicznym i tomografii rezonansu magnetycznego.

The aim of this investigation was to compare magnetic resonance imaging and radiography in detecting subcapital growth plate changes due to avascular necrosis after treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip. MRI was done in 16 patients (21 hips) aged 8-12 (mean 10 years), treated because of CDH. Radiographs were also done in all cases. Comparison between these two imaging modalities revealed superiority of MRI in both imaging of normal subcapital physis and imaging of its disorders.

[Medial patellar plica of the knee in MR examination and arthroscopy]. / Fald maziowy przysrodkowy stawu kolanowego w badaniu MR i artroskopii.

MRI method of assessment of medio-patellar plica of the knee is presented. The results have been verified arthroscopically. Twenty seven patients have underwent MRI of the knee, arthroscopy followed in 15 cases. MRI revealed the plica in 15 patients, no plica was found in 5 cases and 3 examinations were not conclusive. Arthroscopy confirmed pathology in 9 cases; the plica was also found in one of "not conclusive" cases. MRI rendered 0.7 specificity, 0.9 sensitivity and positive prognostic value was 0.6. MRI proved to be highly sensitive but delivered no means to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic plicae.

[Magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy in meniscal and ligamentous injuries of the knee]. / Rezonans magnetyczny i artroskopia w uszkodzeniach lakotek i wiezadel krzyzowych stawu kolanowego.

A series of 37 patients after knee injury underwent magnetic resonance imaging, in 21 cases subsequent arthroscopy has been performed. All patients had previous clinical diagnosis of meniscal and/or anterior cruciate injury. The changes within the menisci and anterior cruciate ligament have been confirmed by MRI in 76 per cent and 81 per cent respectively. In conclusion magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy are complementary methods in the knee joint diagnostics.

[Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of selected diseases of the hip joint in children and adolescents]. / Przydatnosc tomografii rezonansu magnetycznego w diagnostyce wybranych chorób stawu biodrowego u dzieci i mlodziezy.

The possibilities of MRI use for diagnostics of various conditions of the hip in children and adolescents are presented. The method proved to be highly valuable.

[Principle and technique of magnetic resonance tomography in ophthalmology]. / Zasada i technika tomografii rezonansu magnetycznego w okulistyce.

The phenomenon of the magnetic resonance and methods of its representation are described. A standard technique of spin echo used in ophthalmology is presented.

Total thyroidectomy in the treatment of Basedow's ophthalmopathy.

Four patients in the age 42-63 (3 females and 1 male) with Basedow's disease and hyperthyroidism were investigated. Visual changes were classified to the IV group of American Thyreologic Society's classification. A total thyroidectomy was performed when status of euthyreosis has been obtained. Check examinations were carried out 6, 12 and 18 months after surgery. It has been confirmed that total thyroidectomy performed in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy leads to reduction of infiltrative changes in the orbit. However, this can be stated not earlier than 12 months after surgery.