Ovarian metastases from breast cancer: A report of 24 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, demographical characteristics and survival outcomes of the patients with ovarian metastases from breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of 24 patients with pathologically confirmed metastases in ovaries treated at two tertiary hospitals between 2000 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients' as well as tumor characteristics, and treatment data were collected. Ovarian metastases of breast cancer were documented using a system of analogous to the FIGO classification for ovarian cancer. Survival after primary breast cancer diagnosis and after diagnosis of metastases in ovaries were calculated. Outcomes were compared between the three different procedures bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy. RESULTS: The majority of patients had estrogen receptor positive (87 %) and progesterone receptor positive (91 %), 80 % patients were HER2/neu negative. The majority of patients had primary tumor stage by TNM classification T1 (33 %) and T2 (50 %); node- negative (25 %) and node-positive (75 %); 71 % of patients had no distal metastases in primary breast cancer diagnosis (M0) while 29 % of patients had distant metastases. The median age of primary breast cancer diagnosis was 46.5 ± 10.4 years (range 25-69). The mean time to occurrence of secondary ovarian malignancies after primary breast cancer diagnosis was 62.9 ± 62.8 months (range 0-219). The majority of women underwent adnexectomy (37.5 %) or total hysterectomy with adnexectomy (37.5 %). The mean survival after breast cancer treatment was 72 months, and the mean survival after discovery of ovarian metastases was 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that more radical surgical treatment of metastases to ovaries has no increase of survival among patients. However, it should be noted that this may be affected by different stage of primary disease. Thus, larger and more standardized studies need to be done in order to confirm prognostic features and the choice of surgical volume.

Slow-Freezing Cryopreservation Ensures High Ovarian Tissue Quality Followed by In Vivo and In Vitro Methods and Is Safe for Fertility Preservation.

Background and objectives: Cancer incidence is growing with younger patients diagnosed with this disease every year. Improved cancer diagnostics and treatment lead to better survival of cancer patients. However, after aggressive chemo- or radiotherapy, cancer survivors suffer from various degrees of subfertility or infertility. Several fertility preservation technologies have been developed for young cancer patients: cryopreservation of germ cells, embryos, or reproductive tissues. The best results have been shown by cryopreservation of sperm and embryos. Yet the success of using cryopreserved oocytes or reproductive tissues (ovarian and testicular) is still insufficient. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the vitality, viability, general quality, and safety of frozen-thawed human ovarian tissue for retransplantation using modern molecular tests. Materials and Methods: The new miRNA array test was used to evaluate miRNA expression in thawed ovarian tissue in combination with standard xenotransplantation and pathological examination of microslides. Results: Our results demonstrated that slow freezing is an efficient way (80%) to cryopreserve ovarian tissue with no structural damage afterwards. We have shown that xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice, histology, and immunohistochemistry could be potentially replaced by more recent molecular methods. Conclusions: The latter method has shown that altered expression of miRNAs might be used as identifiers of normal/damaged tissue after further analysis. Newer, safer, and more specific approaches need to be developed in order to eliminate the risk of disease reoccurrence.

[Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia]. / Vulvos intraepiteline neoplazija.

In order to improve the timely diagnostics and the efficacy of treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia diagnostics criteria and the modern treatment strategies are discussed in this review. We propose the present problems of differentiation of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia from non-neoplastic epithelial disorders. General concepts of the etiology, pathogenesis, factors of risk, such as: human papilloma virus (HPV), sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), smoking are summarized.