Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water supply from 2016 to 2020 in South Brazil.

The objectives of this research are to evaluate Giardia and Cryptosporidium contamination in surface water supply in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State in South Brazil in the years 2016 to 2020, assess seasonality, and to infer the population that may have been exposed to these protozoa through drinking water based on drinking water treatment efficiency. Data were obtained through the drinking water surveillance national information system. From 204 DWT plants in the state, 66 have been analyzed for protozoa. A total of 2304 analyses of protozoa in raw water were evaluated, of which 223 had both Giardia spp. cysts and/or Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in concentrations that varied from 0.1 to 21.5/L. A total of 2,712,125 people from 48 cities were at risk of having the presence of pathogenic protozoa in their drinking water. The probability of finding these protozoa was higher in winter. Giardia cysts were more likely to be found in a period without rain, suggesting that sewage was the main source of contamination. It is concluded that the springs of Rio Grande do Sul are impacted and the circulation of pathogenic protozoa through the territory is endemic with a probable source of contamination to sewage and livestock activity.

Chemical contaminants in Brazilian drinking water: a systematic review.

The goals of this research are to evaluate which chemical contaminations were detected in Brazil's drinking water reported in papers published from 2012 to 2019, to propose guideline values for emerging contaminants and assess which are the priority parameters from a health risk perspective. The methodology used was a systematic review. The chemical contaminants quantified were evaluated according to Brazilian drinking-water standards, and Guideline Values were proposed for emerging pollutants using conservative endpoints from NOAEL and LOAEL available in literature. From 1351 articles evaluated, 15 reached the research goal. Seventy-seven parameters were quantified in Brazilian drinking water from underground, surface and rainwater sources. Soil composition, mining, sewage and agricultural activities were the main sources for the seven classes framed: pesticides, metals, organic, endocrine disruptors, drugs, personal care products and illicit drugs. Twenty-two parameters are listed in the current Brazilian drinking water quality standard and 54 are not. Water was not considered appropriate to drink due to cadmium, aluminum, iron, nickel, mercury, atrazine, propionaldehyde, beryllium, acetone and 17 α-ethinyl estradiol (carcinogenic). Measures to reduce chemical contamination in drinking water need to be taken such as the expansion of sewage treatment and upgrading to tertiary treatment, and controlling and reducing the application of pesticides.

Avaliação dos controles de agrotóxicos na água para consumo humano dos sistemas de abastecimento de água do Rio Grande do Sul em 2016 / Evaluation of pesticide controls in water for human consumption of the water supply systems of Rio Grande do Sul in 2016

Desde 2008, o Brasil é o maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos. Em 2016 o Rio Grande do Sul figurou entre os quatro estados brasileiros com maior comercialização desses produtos. Resíduos de agrotóxicos acabam sendo encontrados nos corpos hídricos, nos alimentos, no leite materno e na água potável ­ agrotóxicos não são removidos no tratamento convencional da água. A exposição humana a agrotóxicos representa, portanto, um problema de saúde pública. Portaria nacional estabelece o Valor Máximo Permitido (VMP) de 27 agrotóxicos na água potável. Mais 46 agrotóxicos devem ser analisados no Rio Grande do Sul, segundo a Portaria n° 320/2014 da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde. Neste estudo, foi realizado levantamento dos resultados das análises laboratoriais dos parâmetros de agrotóxicos que constam nas duas portarias acima citadas, em Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir dos laudos laboratoriais de controle e dos dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Sisagua) em 2016. O parâmetro DDT+DDD+DDE, proibido no Brasil desde 2009, foi detectado em todas as amostras realizadas pela Corsan, que abastece 316 municípios do Estado. Traços de atrazina, metalocloro e simazina foram eventualmente encontrados em amostras da Corsan. Cinco amostras de água para consumo humano tiveram detecção de agrotóxicos acima do VMP. Em duas das amostras, o parâmetro glifosato + AMPA estava mais de 18 vezes acima do VMP.

Since 2008, Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides. In 2016 Rio Grande do Sul figured among the four Brazilian states with the highest commercialization of these products. Pesticide residues are found in water bodies, food, breast milk and drinking water ­ pesticides are not removed in conventional water treatment. Human exposure to agrochemicals therefore represents a public health problem. National ordinance establishes the Maximum Allowed Value (VMP, acronym in Portuguese) of 27 pesticides in drinking water. More than 46 pesticides must be analyzed in Rio Grande do Sul, according to Ordinance 320/2014 of the State Health Secretariat. In this study, a survey was carried out of the results of the laboratory analyses of the parameters of the pesticides contained in the two abovementioned regulations, in the Systems of Water Supply in Rio Grande do Sul, based on the laboratory reports and data the Water Quality Surveillance Information System for Human Consumption (Sisagua, acronym in Portuguese) in 2016. The DDT +DDD+DDE parameter, prohibited in Brazil since 2009, was detected in all samples carried out by Corsan (State Water and Sanitation Company), which supplies 316 municipalities of the State. Traces of atrazine, metallochlor, and simazine were eventually found in samples Corsan. Five samples of water for human consumption had detection of pesticides above the VMP. In two of these samples, the glyphosate + AMPA parameter was more than 18-fold higher than VMP.

Investigação de surto de doença diarreica aguda no ano de 2016 em Bento Gonçalves: 5. 863 casos notificados / Investigation of acute diarrheal disease outbreak in 2016 in Bento Gonçalves: 5. 863 notified cases

Descrever a investigação de um surto de Doença Diarreica Aguda em que a fonte de contaminação suspeita é a água para consumo humano distribuída. (AU)

Resíduos de agrotóxicos na água para consumo humano no Rio Grande do Sul / Pesticide residues in water for human consumption in Rio Grande do Sul

Estudo e dados estatísticos sobre o impacto da contaminação da água para consumo humano pelos resíduos de agrotóxicos utilizados na agropecuária do Rio Grande do Sul.

Controle e vigilância de agrotóxicos na água para consumo humano em 2015 no RS / Control and surveillance of pesticides in water for human consumption in 2015 in RS

Extrair do Sistema de Informações de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (SISAGUA) informações do RS sobre: a forma de captação (superficial ou subterrânea), municípios, população abastecida, bem como um panorama detalhado da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Jacuí; quais os municípios não possuem análises de controle de agrotóxicos na água para consumo humano; os resultados das 143 análises de vigilância contratadas pela fiscalização estadual nos anos de 2015 e 2016.