[Characteristics of changes in respiratory function of humans after a long stay in Antarctic region].

Fifteen participants of the Antarctic expedition (men, 27-51 years old) have been investigated after their return from a one-year stay there. All subjects have signs of latent hypoxia. Compensation of hypoxic reactions depended on the initial state of organism oxygen regimen as well as on the features of a genotype. It was supposed that, after a long stay by a person in the coastal Antarctic conditions, the latent form of hypoxia could develop. The latter was accompanied by reorganizations of oxygen regimen and determined by specific features of a genotype.

[Cardiovascular disorders in patients with pheochromocytoma]. / Serdechno-sosudistye narusheniia u bol'nykh s feokhromotsitomoi.

The present study focuses on variants of cardiovascular disturbances in patients with pheochromocytoma, on identification of certain pathogenetic aspects of disturbances of the heart's rhythm, on the study of the impact of surgical treatment on hemodynamic shifts. A retrospective analysis was performed of 100 clinical records of those patients having had surgery for pheochromocytoma over the last five years. It has been ascertained that a major proportion of tumours of the chromaffin tissue of the adrenals secret epinephrine and norepinephrine giving rise to a mixed form of arterial hypertension. In 61 percent of patients, arterial hypertension tended to be accompanied by hypertrophy of the left ventricle and its systolic overload (3%) that has been noted to dispel after surgical treatment. In 27 percent of patients with pheochromocytoma, against the background of hypertensive crisis, abnormalities of metabolism or unstable coronary circulation there come to be seen paroxysms of disturbances of the heart's rhythm (extrasystole, paroxismal tachycardia) and dysfunction of the sinoatrial node.

[Nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with the neuroendocrine-metabolic form of the hypothalamic syndrome]. / Nifedipin v lechenii arterial'noi gipertenzii u bol'nykh s neiroéndokrinno-obmennoi formoi gipotalamicheskogo sindroma.

The authors submit results of treatment of 30 patients presenting with neuroendocrine-metabolic form of hypothalamic syndrome with a 3-months course administration of nifedipine on a 30-mg daily schedule. Before the treatment, the patients had persistent arterial hypertension and abnormal values for central hemodynamics presenting as hypokinetic syndrome. After the treatment with corinfar, the patients fared significantly better, with the arterial pressure and index of the general peripheral vascular resistance getting down. Values for minute volume, stroke volume, cardiac index tended towards normalization.

[Atrial natriuretic factor in endocrine pathology]. / Predserdnyi natriiureticheskii faktor pri éndokrinnoi patologii.

The content of basal immunoreactive atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) in the venous blood plasma was studied in patients with various types of endocrine hypertension (Conn's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, neuroendocrine form of hypothalamic syndrome, diabetes mellitus) and diffuse toxic goiter. Increase of the ANH level was revealed in patients with primary aldosteronism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as with decompensated thyrotoxicosis and pronounced cardiac changes. In patients with neuroendocrine pattern of the hypothalamic syndrome the ANH level remained unchanged, in those with pheochromocytoma it decreased.

[Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. The role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia]. / Patogenez ateroskleroza pri sakharnom diabete. Rol insulinorezistentnosti i giperinsulinemii.

The review summarizes data about interconnection between atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Special attention is paid to their joint developmental factors such as hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. It is shown that hyperinsulinemia may form an independent risk factor. At the same time both factors can lead (during both diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis) to changes in lipid metabolism and development of atheroms. Mechanisms of the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are analyzed. The so-called syndrome X is described in detail. It is characterized by a triad of changes: insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, changes in lipid metabolism and hypertension. Some methods of treatment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia during atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus are described.

[Effect of calcium antagonists on the hemodynamic and pancreatic secretory parameters in diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie antagonistov kaltsiia na pokazateli gemodinamiki i sekretornuiu aktivnost podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri sakharnom diabete.

Data are presented concerning the basal levels of parathormone and calcitonin and the effect of dihydropyridine derivatives on the characteristics of haemodynamics as well as pancreatic secretory activity in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is shown that in diabetic patients with hypertension a single administration of the drugs induces vasodilatation which causes lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with hypertension, heart coronary disease and obvious peripheral angiopathy (similar procedure) no peripheral vasodilatation was observed. No negative effects were observed on the compensatory processes (and obviously on pancreatic secretory activity in patients with both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes mellitus even during long-lasting administration of drugs. A conclusion is made that calcium channel antagonists should be recommended to patients with diabetes mellitus taking into account the state of their peripheral vessels.

[Current aspects of the mechanism of action of calcium antagonists in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Suchasni aspekty mekhanizmu diï antahonistiv kal'tsiiu u khvorykh na tsukrovyi diabet.

The review summarizes recent data about the use of calcium channel blockers for the treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is shown that disturbances of Ca ion homeostasis play an important role in the pathogenesis of such diabetic complications as cardiomyopathy, microangiopathy, hypertension and the use of modern calcium channel antagonists for their treatment seems to be quite justified. However, despite definite positive effects of such treatment, these drugs should be used with care, especially if combined with derivatives of sulphonylurea as activators of the beta-cell function. Calcium channel blockers may intervene in the mechanism of the activity of beta-cells in which activation of the calcium channels is an obligatory link for triggering insulin secretion. Nevertheless, according to most of the authors, in such cases Ca antagonists can be recommended in moderate doses under continuous control of the hormonal status of the patient.

[Atrial natriuretic peptide in diabetes mellitus patients with arterial hypertension]. / Predserdnyi natriiureticheskii peptid pri arterial'noi gipertenzii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The basal level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) of the venous blood plasma was investigated in 105 diabetic patients with concomitant arterial hypertension (AH) as well as in 20 healthy persons of the same age. Analysis of the results of investigation was performed with respect to AH type (essential, atherosclerotic, nephrogenic) and expression of cardiac changes. An ANP level in diabetic patients without AH did not differ from that of the controls. In the presence of AH this level was increased 2-10-fold. The highest level of ANP was observed in patients with nephrogenic hypertension and marked cardiac disorders. The results obtained suggest the role of ANP in AH pathogenesis.

[The use of helium-neon laser radiation in the treatment of trophic disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Primenenie izlucheniia gelii-neonovogo lazera v lechenii troficheskikh narushenii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The effectiveness of laser therapy in trophic skin disorders (ulcer, diabetic bulla, hematoma, skin chap) in patients with diabetes mellitus was studied. The foci of trophic disorders and biologically active points were irradiated by means of heliumneon laser installations. The technique was employed in a hospital and in out-patient treatment in the complex with medicamentous therapy and without that in patients resistant to medicamentous therapy. A high effectiveness of laser therapy has been established.

[Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus]. / K patogenezu arterial'noi gipertenzii pri sakharnom diabete.

To investigate pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus, the authors measured parameters of central and peripheral hemodynamics, basal renin levels, angiotensin, aldosterone, kallikrein-kinin system. The results were analysed with regard to hypertension type: essential (EH), atherosclerotic (AH) and nephrogenic (NH). Hypokinetic circulation, defected vascular elasticity, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypoactivity of kallikrein-kinin system were characteristic of EH and AH. Most pronounced changes in peripheral hemodynamics and hypoactivity of depressor kallikrein-kinin system were seen in NH.

[The effect of microwave resonance therapy on the clinical and metabolic indices of diabetic patients]. / Vliianie mikrovolnovoi rezonansnoi terapii na nekotorye klinicheskie i metabolicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

It has been established during studies carried out in 195 diabetes mellitus patients that the action of microwave resonance therapy on the points used in traditional acupuncture accelerates carbohydrate metabolism compensation, improves peripheral circulation. The beneficial effect of microwave resonance therapy on the clinical and metabolic characteristics in diabetes mellitus patients is likely to be determined by the lowering of the content of certain contrainsular hormones (cortisol, adrenaline) and by the improvement of the parameters of the T-cell immunity system.

[Secretion of calcium-regulating hormones in diabetes mellitus]. / Sostoianie sekretsii kal'tsiireguliruiushchikh gormonov pri sakharnom diabete.

At present great attention is paid to Ca2+ metabolic derangement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular alterations. Some researchers interpret this derangement as change in the ratio of parathyroid secretory activity and thyroid C-cell activity. For this purpose the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin were investigated by radioimmunoassay with simultaneous recording of lower limb hemodynamic indices in 136 patients with diabetes mellitus. Change of elasticity of major vessels, a decrease in the reserve blood flow, marked to a greater extent in patients over 40 and combined with essential hypertension, were observed. An increase in the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin was also observed. Direct correlation was established in both age groups between the levels of parathormone and calcitonin and hemodynamic indices.

[Effect of the transplantation of cultured pancreatic islet cell on the status of diabetic microangiopathy]. / Vliianie transplantatsii kul'tury ostrovkovykh kletok podzheludochnoi zhelezy na sostoianie diabeticheskikh mikroangiopatii.

Investigation of the effect of allo- and xenotransplantation of pancreatic tissue cultures on the hemodynamic indices of 85 patients with diabetes mellitus using ophthalmoscopy, biomicroophthalmoscopy, integral rheography, capillaroscopy and clinical biochemical tests at varying time (from 3 mos to 4 yrs.) showed a gradual improvement of the ophthalmological picture of the fundus of the eye in 58 patients (86%) during the first 9 mos with further stabilization of a process. Lower limb improvement was noted in 18% of the patients, stabilization of a process--in 74%. The improvement of the renal clinico-biochemical indices was noted in 47-67%. Contraindications for beta = culture transplantation were diabetic glomerulosclerosis with stage III chronic renal insufficiency and retinopathy of diabetorenal type.

[Oxygen supply and physical working capacity in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Kislorodoobespechenie i fizicheskaia rabotosposobnost' u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Proceeding from a study of oxygen supply of lower limb tissue (pO2 in polarography, oximetry in the capillary and venous blood), external respiratory indices on Spirolyte and acid-base balance on a Corning microgas analyzer in 72 patients aged under and over 40 with diabetes mellitus with compensation and decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism, correlation between a decrease in physical working capacity and disorder of tissue oxygen supply (resulting from the reduction of CVS potentialities and appearance or progression of circulatory and tissue hypoxia) was revealed. These changes were accompanied by a compensatory decrease in the level of standard bicarbonates and pCO2.

[Hypoglycemic effect of nicotinamide in diabetes mellitus]. / Gipoglikemicheskii éffekt nikotinamida pri sakharnom diabete.

Administration of nicotinamide (NA) is followed by a pronounced hypoglycemic effect with a simultaneous decrease of glucose content in the lens, sciatic nerve and aorta at manifest streptozotocin-induced diabetes and also by a complete normalization of parameters of the intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test in rats with a "diabetic" type of glucose tolerance. A 14-day NA treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus results in the improvement of the glycemic profile, a decrease of glucosuria and the blood serum level of protein-bound hexoses as well as positive shifts in the condition of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.