[Evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasound shear elastography and liver steatometry].

Detection of liver fibrosis and steatosis at early stages is a difficult task for clinical practice, due to the lack of early signs in routine radiation diagnostics. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound shear elastography and ultrasound steatometry of the liver with the use of domestic ultrasonic diagnostic system Angiodin-Sono/N-Ultra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 264 people held ultrasound elastography and ultrasound steatometry. 38 patients underwent percutaneous puncture liver biopsy and subsequent pathophysiological examination. RESULTS: High correlation of fibrosis obtained at the Angiodin-Sono/N-Ultra and the leading ultrasonic systems with shear elastography was revealed. Cross-sectional comparative analysis of elasticity with the results of liver steatometry was conducted. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained in all groups correlate with the data obtained in studies on Fibroscan. When working with system Angiodin we got a simultaneous comparative analysis of elasticity with the results of liver steatosis. Results appear to be much more stable and compact than those obtained in studies on the Fibroscan. A new diagnostic criterion was revealed the phenomenon of independence of fibrosis and steatosis indices.

[Shear wave elastography: possibilities of the differential diagnosis of focal and diffuse changes in various organs and tissues].

Ultrasound study (USS) using a shear wave elastography procedure was made in different groups of patients with morphologically verified focal and diffuse abnormalities of both superficial organs and structures and viscera. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the stiffness of normal and pathologic organs and tissues were estimated; there was a significance importance of differences in benign and malignant lesions. The magnitude of fibrous changes in the hepatic parenchyma was first estimated by a USS technique; there was evidence that there were significant differences in indicators in health and various liver abnormalities.

[The course of pregnancy induced by ovulation stimulation in patients with the hypogonadotropic form of amenorrhea]. / Techenie beremennosti, indutsirovannoi stimuliatsiei ovuliatsii u patsientok s gipogonadotropnoi formoi amenorei.

The course of 60 pregnancies induced by ovulation stimulation with pergonal (in 46 cases) and lutrelef, an LHRF agonist (in 10 cases) was followed up. The authors emphasize the importance of the first therapeutic course as a preparative one, because pregnancies occurred in only 15 and 20% of patients treated with the two drugs, respectively, after it, and 25% of them failed to develop. The major pregnancy complications were due to multiple fetuses (23.4 and 20%, respectively). Stimulated pregnancy should be regarded as a high risk one in respect of spontaneous abortions; indications for abdominal delivery should be extended in such cases.

[Status of the feto-placental system in pregnant women with a history of habitual abortion during complex therapy including metabolic correction]. / Sostoianie feto-platsentarnoi sistemy u beremennykh, stradaiushchikh privychnym nevynashivaniem, na fone kompleksnoi terapii s primeneniem metabolicheskoi korrektsii.

Fifty-two women suffering from habitual abortions, referred to high-risk group in respect of placental insufficiency development, were followed up over the course of pregnancy. Metabolic correction was added to the complex of therapy of some of these patients, the rest were administered basic therapy alone. The examinations revealed placental insufficiency signs in 78.8% of these women. Placental insufficiency in the examined group was characterized by enlarged intervillous space and a longer period necessary for filling this space, reduced linear rate of the blood stream in this space, as well as by reduced levels of the fetoplacental hormones and activation of lipid peroxidation. Addition of metabolic therapy to the complex of therapeutic measures helped reduce the incidence of placental insufficiency by 17.4% and reduce more than twofold the incidence of fetal hypoxia and hypotrophy .

[The importance of echography and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and basis of a rational therapy for intrauterine pathology after labor]. / Znachenie ékhografii i gisteroskopii v diagnostike i obosnovanii ratsional'noi terapii vnutrimatochnoi patologii posle rodov.

Echography with hysteroscopy has been employed in 40 mothers with a complicated postpartum period. Ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine disease is technically simple, noninvasive and efficient in measurement of the uterus and identification of abnormal inclusions in the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy allows characterization of the abnormal intrauterine inclusions and evaluation of the endometrium. In addition, hysteroscopy enables additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study resulted in a protocol of postpartum examination of patients using echographic and hysteroscopic diagnostic methods.

[Comparative analysis of fertile and infertile cycles during stimulation of ovulation with pergonal in patients with hypo- gonadotropic amenorrhea]. / Sravnite'lnyi analiz ferti'lnykh i neferti'lnykh tsiklov pri stimuliatsii ovuliatsii pergonalom u patsientok s gipogonado- tropnoi amenoreei.

A comparative assessment of variations in sex hormone levels and echographic parameters of fertile and infertile cycles was carried out in patients with gonadotrophic deficiency during pergonal induction of the ovulation. It was demonstrated that 83% of the infertile cycles were the first stimulation cycles. Basic differences were identified in the variation of sex hormone levels and echographic parameters of target organs between the fertile and infertile cycles. It is concluded that the first ovulation-induction course should be regarded as a preventive or preparatory one, where an optimum drug dosage is adjusted while the gonads and target organs are getting ready for the ovulation.

[Artefacts, acoustic phenomena and basic principles of echogram interpretations]. / Artefakty, akusticheskie fenomeny i osnovnye printsipy interpretatsii ékhogramm.

Careful consideration is given to such important practical problems as the emergence and features of artefacts and acoustic phenomena arising in ultrasonic images. These are reverberation, comet's tail, hyperbolic artefacts, artefacts of reflection, refraction, focal distance, beam length, changes in velocity, marginal rays, etc.. Principles of uniform reading of ultrasound images are suggested.