Different cellular and immunohistochemical abdominal wall cicatrization parameters evaluation in comparison with sublay, onlay, and ipom technique in an experimental rat model.

PURPOSE: Incisional hernia (IH) occurs when there is a partial or complete solution of continuity of a fascia previously incised. Systematic reviews demonstrate that surgical treatment of IHs with the use of meshes are approximately 16%. Meta-analyses have demonstrated the superiority of mesh placement using sublay technique, but without a pathophysiological explanation. Thus, we aim to evaluate the different techniques of mesh positioning in an experimental model. METHODS: Fifty rats were distributed into five groups; control; simulation (SM)-submitted to laparotomy only; onlay-the mesh was positioned in onlay fashion; retromuscular (SL)-the mesh was positioned in a sublay fashion; intraperitoneal (IPOM)-positioning of the mesh adjacent to the transversalis fascia, inside the cavity. After 60 days, adhesions, tensiometry, histology, and immunohistochemistry were addressed. RESULTS: The IPOM group had the most adhesions, together with the SL group, with significantly relevant results. The SL group had higher values of tensiometric evaluation, while the IPOM group had the lowest mean in the tensiometry evaluation, being even lower than the SM group. Regarding histological and immunohistochemical findings, the SL group had a higher pixel number count compared to the groups, with statistical significance, in addition to higher expression of polymorphonuclear infiltrate and CD68 markers. CONCLUSION: The mesh positioning in sublay compartment is associated with the development of more pronounce minimum tensile force required for detaching the surrounding abdominal wall tissues it was incorporated. The intensity of these findings correlates to the different histological and immunohistochemical profiles observed following each repair, since SL group was characterized by a higher proportion of collagen, inflammatory, and reparative elements. Characterizing these pro-healing elements and its counterparts will allow the development of new therapeutic tools which could be added to the still far-from-ideal current therapeutic options for IH treatment.

The cephalic glands of Brazilian reptilia and amphibia. IV. Histology of labial, premaxillary, and Duvernoy's glands in the colubrid snake Oxyrhopus trigeminus.

A study of the morphology of the salivary glands of the colubrid snake Oxyrhopus trigeminus showed the following: The acini of supralabial, infralabial, and premaxillary glands are formed by mucous and mucoserous cells; the tubules of Duvernoy's gland are formed by seromucous cells; and mucous cells produce neutral and acid mucosubstances, mucoserous cells secrete neutral and acid mucosubstances and protein, and seromucous cells have neutral mucosubstance and protein secretions.

Experimental hypervitaminosis A in the rat. IX. Morphometric study of newborn young heart, whose mothers were treated with excess vitamin A.

Hypervitaminosis A induces the following changes in young ventricles of vitamin A treated mothers: ventriculum muscle fibers disorganized with minor diameter and lower nuclear volume, focal loss of transversal strias, relatively fewer mitotic figures, and interstitial fibrosis. These data were confirmed with morphometric techniques.

[The salivary glands of Philodryas patagoniensis Girard, 1857 (Serpentes, Colubridae). A morphological, morphometric and histological study]. / Les glandes salivaires de Philodryas patagoniensis Girard, 1857 (Serpentes Colubridae). Etude morphologique, morphométrique et histochimique.

Morphological, morphometrical and histochemical studies of the cell types in the salivary glands of Philodryas patagoniensis have been performed. It is concluded: 1) the acini of supra, infralabial and premaxillary glands are formed by mucous and mucoserous cells; the Duvernoy's gland by seromucous cells; 2) mucous cells show neutral and sulphated mucosubstances and sialic acid; mucoserous cells show neutral mucosubstance, sialic acid and protein radicals; seromucous cells of Duvernoy's gland show neutral mucosubstance and protein radicals. The acinar area, height of tubule and duct cells, and nuclear volume of acinar, tubule and duct cells were evaluated morphometrically.

[Femur development during lactation in rats whose mothers had undergone vitamin A treatment on the 10th day of gestation. Morphologic and morphometric study]. / Développement du fémur pendant la période de lactation, chez des rats dont les mères ont subi, au 10e jour de gestation, un traitement en vitamine A. Etude morphologique et morphométrique.

Administration of a single dose of vitamin A (0.20 ml of Arovit, Roche, containing 30,000 IU of vitamin A palmitate), injected intraperitoneally in rats on the 10th day of gestation had the following effects on the femur of the newborn rats during lactation: longer femurs; earlier appearance of the epiphysial centers; a lower number of cells, increased matrix and consequent earlier maturation process for the zone of hypertrophic cartilage, and thicker and more numerous bone trabeculae. These data were confirmed by morphometric techniques.

Morphometric study of the effect of hypervitaminosis A on the sublingual gland of the rat.

Hypervitaminosis A induces the following changes in the rat sublingual gland: smaller size acini with lower cells and smaller nuclei. The serous demilunes show smaller cells and nuclei. The striated ducts show smaller and disorganized cells with smaller nuclei. These data were confirmed by morphometric techniques.

Morphometric study of the effect of hypervitaminosis A on the rat parotid gland.

Hypervitaminosis A induces the following changes in the rat parotid gland: smaller size acini with lower cells and a smaller number of cytoplasmic granules, decreased acidophilia, and smaller nuclei. The striated ducts show smaller, disorganized cells with smaller nuclei, as well as increased secretion in their lumina. These data were confirmed by morphometric techniques.

Effect of hypervitaminosis A on tongue muscles of the rat. A morphometric study.

Daily administration of 200 I.U. vitamin A/gram body weight to rats, for a period of 10 days, causes generalized hypertrophy of the tongue muscles. The data were confirmed with morphometric techniques, consisting of increased cytoplasm and decreased nuclei and empty spaces, obtained by the Chalkley technique, nuclei of similar volume, obtained with the use of karyometry, and larger areas of cross-sections of muscle fibers.

Effect of hypervitaminosis A on the Harderian gland in rats. A morphologic and morphometric study.

Daily administration of 100 I.U. vitamin A/gram body weight to rats, for a period of 15 days, had the following effects: Body weight of rats treated with excess vitamin A was lower (84.0 g) than that of the controls (147.0 g). The weight of the Harderian gland was lower of rats injected with vitamin A (54.0 mg) than for the controls (87.0 mg). Histological examination of the Harderian gland in the hypervitaminotic animal showed smaller acini, lower cells, wide lumina and small nuclei when compared with the controls. These data were confirmed with morphometric techniques.