Intermediate energy electron impact excitation of composite vibrational modes in phenol.

We report differential cross section results from an experimental investigation into the electron impact excitation of a number of the low-lying composite (unresolved) vibrational modes in phenol (C6H5OH). The measurements were carried out at incident electron energies in the range 15-40 eV and for scattered-electron angles in the range 10-90°. The energy resolution of those measurements was typically ∼80 meV. Calculations, using the GAMESS code, were also undertaken with a B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level model chemistry, in order to enable us to assign vibrational modes to the features observed in our energy loss spectra. To the best of our knowledge, the present cross sections are the first to be reported for vibrational excitation of the C6H5OH molecule by electron impact.

Differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of the electronic bands of phenol.

We report results from a joint theoretical and experimental investigation into electron scattering from the important organic species phenol (C6H5OH). Specifically, differential cross sections (DCSs) have been measured and calculated for the electron-impact excitation of the electronic states of C6H5OH. The measurements were carried out at energies in the range 15-40 eV, and for scattered-electron angles between 10° and 90°. The energy resolution of those experiments was typically ∼80 meV. Corresponding Schwinger multichannel method with pseudo-potentials calculations, with and without Born-closure, were also performed for a sub-set of the excited electronic-states that were accessed in the measurements. Those calculations were conducted at the static exchange plus polarisation (SEP)-level using a minimum orbital basis for single configuration interaction (MOBSCI) approach. Agreement between the measured and calculated DCSs was typically fair, although to obtain quantitative accord, the theory would need to incorporate even more channels into the MOBSCI.

Triply differential (e,2e) studies of phenol.

We have measured (e,2e) triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for the electron-impact ionisation of phenol with coplanar asymmetrical kinematics for an incident electron energy of 250 eV. Experimental measurements of the angular distribution of the slow outgoing electrons at 20 eV are obtained when the incident electron scatters through angles of -5°, -10°, and -15°, respectively. The TDCS data are compared with calculations performed within the molecular 3-body distorted wave model. In this case, a mixed level of agreement, that was dependent on the kinematical condition being probed, was observed between the theoretical and experimental results in the binary peak region. The experimental intensity of the recoil features under all kinematical conditions was relatively small, but was still largely underestimated by the theoretical calculations.

An experimental and theoretical investigation into the excited electronic states of phenol.

We present experimental electron-energy loss spectra (EELS) that were measured at impact energies of 20 and 30 eV and at angles of 90° and 10°, respectively, with energy resolution ∼70 meV. EELS for 250 eV incident electron energy over a range of angles between 3° and 50° have also been measured at a moderate energy resolution (∼0.9 eV). The latter spectra were used to derive differential cross sections and generalised oscillator strengths (GOS) for the dipole-allowed electronic transitions, through normalization to data for elastic electron scattering from benzene. Theoretical calculations were performed using time-dependent density functional theory and single-excitation configuration interaction methods. These calculations were used to assign the experimentally measured spectra. Calculated optical oscillator strengths were also compared to those derived from the GOS data. This provides the first investigation of all singlet and triplet excited electronic states of phenol up to the first ionization potential.

Differential cross sections for intermediate-energy electron scattering from α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: excitation of electronic-states.

We report on measurements of differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of a series of Rydberg electronic-states in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). The energy range of these experiments was 20-50 eV, while the scattered electron was detected in the 10°-90° angular range. There are currently no other experimental data or theoretical computations against which we can directly compare the present measured results. Nonetheless, we are able to compare our THFA DCSs with earlier cross section measurements for Rydberg-state electronic excitation for tetrahydrofuran, a similar cyclic ether, from Do et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 144302 (2011)]. In addition, "rotationally averaged" elastic DCSs, calculated using our independent atom model with screened additivity rule correction approach are also reported. Those latter results give integral cross sections consistent with the optical theorem, and supercede those from the only previous study of Milosavljevic et al. [Eur. Phys. J. D 40, 107 (2006)].

Intermediate-energy differential and integral cross sections for vibrational excitation in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.

Differential and integral cross section measurements, for incident electron energies in the 20-50 eV range, are reported for excitation of several composite vibrational modes in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). Optimisation and frequency calculations, using GAUSSIAN 09 at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level, were also undertaken for the two most abundant conformers of THFA, with results being reported for their respective mode classifications and excitation energies. Those calculations assisted us in the experimental assignments of the composite features observed in our measured energy loss spectra. There are, to the best of our knowledge, no other experimental or theoretical data currently available in the literature against which we can compare the present results.

Dynamical (e,2e) studies of tetrahydropyran and 1,4-dioxane.

We present experimental and theoretical results for the electron-impact ionization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of tetrahydropyran and 1,4-dioxane. Using an (e,2e) technique in asymmetric coplanar kinematics, angular distributions of the slow ejected electron, with an energy of 20 eV, are measured when incident electrons at 250 eV ionize the target and scatter through an angle of either -10° or -15°. The data are compared with calculations performed at the molecular 3-body distorted wave level. Fair agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental measurements was observed. The similar structures for these targets provide key insights for assessing the limitations of the theoretical calculations. This study in turn facilitates an improved understanding of the dynamics in the ionization process.

First Report of Ilyonectria robusta Associated with Black Foot Disease of Grapevine in Southern Brazil.

In August 2012, symptoms of black foot disease were observed on 21-year-old grapevines (Vitis labrusca cv. Bordô; own-rooted cultivar) at Nova Pádua city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Symptomatic plants showed reduced vigor, vascular lesions, decline and death of vines, and necrotic lesions on roots. Isolation of fungi associated with necrotic root tissue was made on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing 0.5 g L-1 streptomycin sulfate. Cultures were incubated at 25°C for 7 days in darkness, and single-spore cultures were obtained from the colonies emerging from the diseased tissue. For morphological characterization, cultures were transferred to PDA and spezieller nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) medium with addition of two pieces of 1 cm2 filter paper. One representative isolate (Cy9UFSM) was used for morphological and molecular characterization and pathogenicity confirmation. After 10 days growth on PDA at 20°C in the dark, colonies were umber to chestnut in color (3), appeared cottony to felty in texture, and sporulated profusely. After 5 weeks on SNA and under dark conditions at 20°C, cultures formed macroconidia predominantly on simple conidiophores, 1 to 3 septate, with both ends slightly rounded. Macroconidia varied in size depending on the number of cells as follows: one-septate (23-) 27.7 (-31) × (4.5-) 5.8 (-7) µm; two-septate (26-) 30.1 (-34) × (5-) 5.6 (-6) µm; and three-septate (24-) 31.2 (-35) × (5-) 5.8 (-6.5) µm. Microconidia were observed and did not have a visible hilum (6-) 11.2 (-17) × (3.5-) 4.2 (-5) µm (n = 30 observations per structure). Brown, thick-walled globose to subglobose chlamydospores were produced abundantly on PDA, (8.5-) 13.8 (-17) µm. To confirm the species, primer pairs H3-1a and H3-1b (2) were used to amplify a portion the histone H3 gene. Sequence of this region showed 98% similarity with a reference sequence for Ilyonectria robusta (A.A. Hildebr.) A. Cabral & Crous (GenBank Accession No. JF735530). Thus, both morphological and molecular criteria supported identification of the strain as I. robusta. This isolate was deposited in GenBank as accession KF633172. To confirm pathogenicity, 4-month-old rooted cuttings of Vitis labrusca cv. Bordô were inoculated by immersing roots in a conidial suspension (106 ml-1) for 60 min. After inoculation, the cuttings were planted in 1-L bags containing commercial substrate (MecPlant). Thirty days later, each plant was re-inoculated by applying 40 ml of a conidial suspension (106 ml-1) to the commercial substrate. Ten single-vine replicates were used for each isolate, and 10 water-inoculated vines were included as controls. After 4 months, the inoculated plants showed a 22.5% reduction of root mass, with root and crown necrosis, browning of vessels, and 20% mortality. Control plants treated with water remained symptomless. The fungus was re-isolated from blackened tissue of wood from the basal end of rooted cuttings, thereby satisfying Koch's postulates. I. robusta was first associated with black foot disease of grapevine in Portugal in 2012 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report in southern Brazil of I. robusta associated with black foot disease of grapevine. References: (1) A. Cabral et al. Mycol. Prog. 11:655, 2012. (2) N. L. Glass et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323, 1995. (3) R. W. Rayner. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute and British Mycological Society, 1970.

A dynamical (e,2e) investigation of the structurally related cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 1,4-dioxane.

Triple differential cross section measurements for the electron-impact ionization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of tetrahydropyran and 1,4-dioxane are presented. For each molecule, experimental measurements were performed using the (e,2e) technique in asymmetric coplanar kinematics with an incident electron energy of 250 eV and an ejected electron energy of 20 eV. With the scattered electrons being detected at -5°, the angular distributions of the ejected electrons in the binary and recoil regions were observed. These measurements are compared with calculations performed within the molecular 3-body distorted wave model. Here, reasonable agreement was observed between the theoretical model and the experimental measurements. These measurements are compared with results from a recent study on tetrahydrofuran [D. B. Jones, J. D. Builth-Williams, S. M. Bellm, L. Chiari, C. G. Ning, H. Chaluvadi, B. Lohmann, O. Ingolfsson, D. Madison, and M. J. Brunger, Chem. Phys. Lett. 572, 32 (2013)] in order to evaluate the influence of structure on the dynamics of the ionization process across this series of cyclic ethers.

[Concepts and scenarios in the teaching of psychiatric nursing and mental health]. / As concepções e cenários do ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental.

This work approaches the contradictions that are present in the teaching of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health in four public universities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It consists of a qualitative study based on a dialectic referential. The instruments used for the investigation were the programs of the courses of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health and interviews with fifteen teachers and fourteen students of the area. The central themes of the analysis were the conceptions and scenarios in which the teaching of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health takes place. It was observed that these courses focus predominantly the concepts of normality and pathology during the cycle of life and are influenced by the discourse of preventive psychiatry and by psychoanalysis. It was also noticed that the courses mentioned adopt a psychodynamic approach. The majority of the training in the area still takes place in big psychiatric hospitals and emphasizes psychopathologies and its psychosocial determinations which consolidate the hospice model.

[Teaching psychiatric nursing in Ceara: a reality in outline]. / O ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica no Ceará: a realidade que se esboça.

The teaching of Psychiatric Nursing Course in the Nursing Undergraduate Programs in Ceará, topic of this study, is a reality that has been building up, fusing itself, in a broader context, the teaching of Nursing as a whole. To study it, attempts have been made in order to go deep in the Institutions' formal discourse, (Syllabuses, Course Programs) and in the ideological discourse of social actors which are responsible for the passing on the knowledge absorbed there, produced and reproduced. In the analysis under a structural-historical approach it has been possible to notice that the Psychiatric Nursing Courses are going through a moment of reflection, uncertainties and changes which have been originated by the process of syllabus reform and of the psychiatric assistance. The change of paradigm still turns out be an utopia, not wholly shared by everyone concerned, yet searched for by the majority.

[Psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health -- an analysis based on the educational programs]. / O ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental--um olhar a partir dos programas das disciplinas.

This article addresses psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health in Nursing undergraduate courses at public universities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It fundamentally uses as an instrument the programs followed in the different related subjects. Data are complemented with accounts given by course teachers and students. The courses in this field focus on what is normal and on what is pathological during life cycles and are centered on psychopathology as well as on psychiatric institutions.

[Teaching-welfare integration: a case study]. / Integração docente-assistencial: um estudo de caso.

The teaching-welfare integration process (TWI) between the "Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul" and the "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre" is this work's object of study focusing the actors in it and its concrete historical practice. The intention is that of knowing the dynamics of the process relationships, understanding it is a collective work as the result of historical and social changing. The inter-institutional dichotomy becomes evident as a rule, unleashing an integration issue. The existing TWI is not a concordant one but its integrating power connections must be used as a motive for its action and transformation, defining the making and re/making of new alternatives.

[Health resources and strategies: knowledge and practice of women living in poverty areas in Brazil]. / Recursos e estratégias em saúde: saberes e práticas de mulheres dos segmentos populares.

This study presents a reflection on the health resources and strategies used by poor Brazilian women and that coexist with "official" medical practices. For this qualitative research, the authors applied social representation categories as central categories of analysis, which were understood as part of contradictory social relations and of the collective history of the groups. The peculiar way by which popular segments reaffirm and, at the same time, deny their own knowledge/action as a counterpoint to the dominant medical practices is brought into focus, beginning from the utilization of a varied set of health resources and strategies that include measures such as household-medicine, medical and religious practices, self-medication, consultations with "pharmacists" and orientation by local health agents.

[Initiation to science in the undergraduate nursing program at the University of São Paolo (1993-1996): critical analysis]. / A iniciação científica na graduação em enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (1993 a 1996): análise crítica.

This study search to delineate the profile of the scientific production of the undergraduate nursing programme of the University of São Paulo from 1993 to 1996, identifying its main lines and tendencies. In order to characterize it, the summaries of the proceedings of the Scientific Initiation Symposium of USP were analyzed (SICUSP) and of the Symposum of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (SICEERP), through a classification in research types, themes and departments of origin. We observed a prevalence of descriptive research and an expressive number of investigations directed to the study of socio-cultural aspects among other results.

[An object study about the teaching of psychiatric nursing and mental health]. / Um objeto de estudo sobre ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental.

This article approaches the construction of a study object about the psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health. It is supported on the Marxist theoretical-methodological referential making a re-dimension of concepts as teaching--as a reproduction and resistance practice--ideology/counter-ideology, actors/social subjects, mental health and the psychiatric reform.

[Public health service: what women say]. / Assistência pública à saúde: mulheres com a palavra.

The way poor women, who live in a given reality, perceive institutional policies of the health sector and face them is the object of reflection presented in this study. As category of analysis, the authors make use of social representation, understood as share of the contradictory social relations and of the individual and collective history of the groups, Authors discuss the inequities in public health care, focusing the way popular segments reaffirm and deny dominant knowledge and practices. Their speech about in the health attention showed, at the same time, absorption/reproduction of the rules spread by "official" medical system and the incorporation/translation of their necessities, experiences and specifics interests.

[Detection of visual and auditory problems in Ribeirao Preto school children. A comparative study by socio-economic level]. / Detecção de problemas visuais e auditivos de escolares em Ribeirão Preto: estudo comparativo por nível sócio-econômico.

The evaluation of visual and auditive functions of students entering the first degree of elementary school is considered a basic action of the student health. The child, upon entering the elementary school, begins or continues learning the alphabet which is considered one of the most important process of the educational area. The child needs normal vision and hearing (or with adequate correction) to carry on this process in the easiest way. In this paper, we tried to study the visual and auditive problems in elementary school students in the city of Ribeirão Preto, from different social layers concerning early detection of cases and resolution of problems (or not) found by the family and school.