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The actions in Occupational Speech Therapy are becoming more evident with the emergence of new experiences and interventions that aim to intercept the disease process, emphasizing the prevention and protection of vocal health in the occupational context. This work aims to analyze how health and occupational vocal conservation actions are being implemented. This is an integrative literature review, whose survey was carried out from June to October 2020, in the Capes Periódicos platform, using the descriptors "worker's health" and voice. After applying the defined exclusion and inclusion criteria and subtraction of repeated publications, a total of 16 articles were selected. The teacher's voice has been a priority object in Brazilian speech therapy research in recent years. The results presented show the importance of health promotion actions that aim at the well-being of workers as a whole, in an integral and multidisciplinary way. Occupational vocal health and conservation actions encompass activities related to vocal health surveillance and risk conditions for the development of voice disorders, vocal health education, direct vocal interventions, voice assessment, laryngological assessment, referrals and assessment of workers' perception of the proposed actions.
As ações em Fonoaudiologia do Trabalho vêm se tornando mais evidentes com o surgimento de novas experiências e intervenções que visam interceptar o processo da doença, enfatizando a prevenção e a proteção da saúde vocal no contexto ocupacional. Este trabalho visa analisar como estão sendo implementadas as ações de saúde e conservação vocal ocupacional. Tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, cujo levantamento foi realizado no período de junho a outubro de 2020 na plataforma Periódicos CAPES, utilizando-se os descritores "saúde do trabalhador" e "voz". Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão definidos e subtração das publicações repetidas, foi selecionado um total de 16 artigos. A voz de professores vem sendo objeto priorizado nas pesquisas fonoaudiológicas brasileiras nos últimos anos. Os resultados apresentados elencam a importância de ações de promoção da saúde, que objetivem o bem-estar dos trabalhadores como um todo, de forma integral e multidisciplinar. As ações de saúde e conservação vocal ocupacional englobam atividades relacionadas à vigilância da saúde vocal e de condições de risco para o desenvolvimento dos distúrbios de voz, à educação em saúde vocal, a intervenções vocais diretas, à avaliação da voz e laringológica, a encaminhamentos e à avaliação da percepção dos trabalhadores diante das ações propostas.
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The National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) promotes lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes. However, only one-third of DPP participants achieve weight loss goals, and changes in diet are limited. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has shown potential to raise awareness about the effects of diet and activity on glucose among people with diabetes, yet the feasibility of including CGM in behavioral interventions for people with prediabetes has not been explored. This study assessed the feasibility of adding a brief CGM intervention to the Arizona Cooperative Extension National DPP. Extension DPP participants were invited to participate in a single CGM-based education session and subsequent 10-day CGM wear period, during which participants reflected on diet and physical activity behaviors occurring prior to and after hyperglycemic events. Following the intervention, participants completed a CGM acceptability survey and participated in a focus group reflecting on facilitators and barriers to CGM use and its utility as a behavior change tool. A priori feasibility benchmarks included opt-in participation rates ≥ 50%, education session attendance ≥ 80%, acceptability scores ≥ 80%, and greater advantages than disadvantages of CGM emerging from focus groups, as analyzed using the Key Point Summary (KPS) method. Thirty-five DPP members were invited to participate; 27 (77%) consented, and 24 of 27 (89%) attended the brief CGM education session. Median survey scores indicated high acceptability of CGM (median = 5, range = 1-5), with nearly all (n = 23/24, 96%) participants believing that CGM should be offered as part of the DPP. In focus groups, participants described how CGM helped them make behavior changes to improve their glucose (e.g., reduced portion sizes, increased activity around eating events, and meditation). In conclusion, adding a single CGM-based education session and 10-day CGM wear to the DPP was feasible and acceptable. Future research will establish the efficacy of adding CGM to the DPP on participant health outcomes and behaviors.
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Automonitorização da Glicemia , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Grupos Focais , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Idoso , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Arizona , Estado Pré-Diabético/terapia , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Monitoramento Contínuo da GlicoseRESUMO
Protein dynamics are essential to biological function, and methods to determine such structural rearrangements constitute a frontier in structural biology. Synchrotron radiation can track real-time protein dynamics, but accessibility to dedicated high-flux single X-ray pulse time-resolved beamlines is scarce and protein targets amendable to such characterization are limited. These limitations can be alleviated by triggering the reaction by laser-induced activation of a caged compound and probing the structural dynamics by fast-readout detectors. In this work, we established time-resolved X-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) at the CoSAXS beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory synchrotron. Laser-induced activation of caged ATP initiated phosphoryl transfer in the adenylate kinase (AdK) enzyme, and the reaction was monitored up to 50 ms with a 2-ms temporal resolution achieved by the detector readout. The time-resolved structural signal of the protein showed minimal radiation damage effects and excellent agreement to data collected by a single X-ray pulse approach.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease that is typically sporadic and has a high social and economic cost. We utilized the intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ), an established preclinical model for sporadic AD, to investigate hippocampal astroglial changes during the first 4 weeks post-STZ, a period during which amyloid deposition has yet to occur. Astroglial proteins aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) and connexin-43 (Cx-43) were evaluated, as well as claudins, which are tight junction (TJ) proteins in brain barriers, to try to identify changes in the glymphatic system and brain barrier during the pre-amyloid phase. Glial commitment, glucose hypometabolism and cognitive impairment were characterized during this phase. Astroglial involvement was confirmed by an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); concurrent proteolysis was also observed, possibly mediated by calpain. Levels of AQP-4 and Cx-43 were elevated in the fourth week post-STZ, possibly accelerating the clearance of extracellular proteins, since these proteins actively participate in the glymphatic system. Moreover, although we did not see a functional disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at this time, claudin 5 (present in the TJ of the BBB) and claudin 2 (present in the TJ of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) were reduced. Taken together, data support a role for astrocytes in STZ brain damage, and suggest that astroglial dysfunction accompanies or precedes neuronal damage in AD.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Aquaporina 4 , Astrócitos , Estreptozocina , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Masculino , Aquaporina 4/metabolismo , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Ratos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Background: In cases of tooth avulsion, in which the neurovascular bundle responsible for nourishing the dental pulp is break, endodontic treatment is necessary before proceeding with tooth replantation. In this process, various substances have been tested in combination with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in an attempt to improve its effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the effects of using a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and 10% propolis, with subsequent application of ultrasonic treatment, on the delayed replantation of teeth in rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four rats underwent a surgical procedure to extract the upper right incisor, leaving it on a surface to dry for one hour. The pulp and periodontal ligament were removed and the teeth were submerged in a 2% sodium fluoride acidulated phosphate solution. The canals were dehydrated using paper cones and the teeth were divided into four groups, according to the type of intracanal dressing: Ca(OH)2 group, Ca(OH)2 group with ultrasonic agitation, Ca(OH)2 and propolis group, Ca(OH)2 and propolis group with ultrasonic agitation. The root canals were irrigated with saline solution and the teeth were reimplanted. Sixty days after reimplantation, the animals were euthanized. Results: With regard to the presence of acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the periodontal ligament, there was no statistically significant difference among some of the groups. Root resorption was identified in all groups, and there was no significant difference between them. Conclusions: It is concluded that the application of intracanal dressing containing Ca(OH)2 associated with 10% propolis, followed by ultrasonic agitation, did not prove to be more effective than the use of Ca(OH)2 alone in the repair process in the delayed replantation of rat teeth. Key words:Tooth replantation, Calcium hydroxide, Propolis, Ultrasound, Intracanal dressing.
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Astrocytes are glial cells that play key roles in neuroinflammation, which is a common feature in diabetic encephalopathy and aging process. Metformin is an antidiabetic compound that shows neuroprotective properties, including in inflammatory models, but astroglial signaling pathways involved are still poorly known. Interferons α/ß are cytokines that participate in antiviral responses and the lack of their signaling increases susceptible to viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on astrocytes from hypothalamus, a crucial brain region related to inflammatory processes. Astrocyte cultures were derived from interferon α/ß receptor knockout (IFNα/ßR-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Metformin did not change the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein but caused an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1ß), as well as increasing gene expression of anti-inflammatory proteins interleukin-10 and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2). However, nuclear factor κB p65 and cyclooxygenase 2 were downregulated in WT astrocytes and upregulated in IFNα/ßR-/- astrocytes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecular target of metformin, was upregulated only in WT astrocytes, while sirtuin 1 increased in both mice models. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased in WT astrocytes and heme oxygenase 1 was increased in IFNα/ßR-/- astrocytes. Although loss of IFNα/ßR-mediated signaling affects some effects of metformin, our results support beneficial roles of this drug in hypothalamic astrocytes. Moreover, paradoxical response of metformin may involve AMPK. Thus, metformin can mediate glioprotection due its effects on age-related disorders in non-diabetic and diabetic encephalopathy individuals.
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Astrócitos , Hipotálamo , Metformina , Camundongos Knockout , Animais , Metformina/farmacologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/metabolismo , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/genética , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Cultivadas , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Sirtuína 1/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Low educational attainment is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Alpha-secretase ADAM10 plays a central role in AD pathology, attenuating the formation of beta-amyloid peptides and, therefore, their aggregation into senile plaques. This study seeks to investigate ADAM10 as a blood-based biomarker in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in a diverse group of community-dwelling older adults, focusing on those with limited educational attainment. METHODS: Participants were recruited from public health services. Cognition was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) batteries. Blood samples were collected to analyze plasma ADAM10 levels. A logistic regression was conducted to verify the influence of plasma ADAM10 on the AD diagnosis. RESULTS: Significant differences in age, years of education, prescribed medications, and cognitive test scores were found between the MCI and AD groups. Regarding cognitive performance, both ACE-R and MMSE scores displayed significant differences between groups, with post hoc analyses highlighting these distinctions, particularly between AD and cognitively unimpaired individuals. Elevated plasma ADAM10 levels were associated with a 4.5-fold increase in the likelihood of a diagnosis of MCI and a 5.9-fold increase in the likelihood of a diagnosis of AD. These findings suggest ADAM10 levels in plasma as a valuable biomarker for assessing cognitive status in older individuals with low education attainment. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the potential utility of plasma ADAM10 levels as a blood-based biomarker for cognitive status, especially in individuals with low educational backgrounds, shedding light on their relevance in AD development and diagnosis.
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Proteína ADAM10 , Doença de Alzheimer , Biomarcadores , Disfunção Cognitiva , Escolaridade , Humanos , Proteína ADAM10/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/sangueRESUMO
Caloric restriction (CR) has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to combat chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to delay aging. However, despite the benefits of CR, questions remain about its underlying mechanisms and cellular and molecular targets.Objective: As inflammatory processes are the basis or accompany chronic diseases and aging, we investigated the protective role of CR in the event of an acute inflammatory stimulus.Methods: Peripheral inflammatory and metabolic parameters were evaluated in Wistar rats following CR and/or acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, as well as glial changes (microglia and astrocytes), in two regions of the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) involved in the inflammatory response. We used a protocol of 30% CR, for 4 or 8 weeks. Serum and brain parameters were analyzed by biochemical or immunological assays.Results: Benefits of CR were observed during the inflammatory challenge, where the partial reduction of serum interleukin-6, mediated by CR, attenuated the systemic response. In the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the hippocampus, CR attenuated the response to the LPS, as evaluated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, CR increased the glutathione (GSH) levels, resulting in a better antioxidant response.Discussion: This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of CR, particularly in the CNS, and expands knowledge about glial cells, emphasizing their importance in neuroprotection strategies.
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BACKGROUND: Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) have a detrimental effect on patients, families, and hospital resources. The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (SCHN) participates in the NSQIP-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) to monitor postoperative complications. NSQIP-P data revealed that the median UTI rate at SCHN was 1.75% in 2019, 3.5 times higher than the NSQIP-P target rate of 0.5%. Over three quarters of the NSQIP-P identified patients with UTI also had a urinary catheterization performed intraoperatively. A quality improvement project was conducted between mid-2018 and 2021 to minimize catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) at SCHN. STUDY DESIGN: NSQIP-P samples include pediatric (younger than 18 years) surgical patients from an 8-day cycle operative log. NSQIP-P data are statistically analyzed by the American College of Surgeons and provide biannual internationally benchmarked reports. The project used clinical redesign methodology with a 6-phase process for quality improvement projects. RESULTS: The objectives of the project were to reduce urinary catheter duration of use, educate parents or carers, and improve catheter care and insertion technique by health staff. The duration of a urinary catheter in situ reduced from a median of 4.5 to 3 days from 2017 to 2021. The median NSQIP-P UTI rate at SCHN was reduced by 47.4% from 1.75% in 2019 to 0.9% in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: A multifactorial approach in quality improvement has been shown to be an effective strategy to reduce UTI rates at SCHN, and patient outcomes were improved within a 3-year timeframe. Although this project has reduced UTI rates at SCHN, there remain opportunities for further improvement.
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Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Melhoria de Qualidade , Infecções Urinárias , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Criança , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Masculino , Cateterismo Urinário/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Lactente , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos/normasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Knowing the effect of compression therapy on the value of the Ankle Brachial Index in the healing process of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. DESIGN: This study used a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest with control group design with purposive sampling and non-equivalent control groups for eight weeks of treatment. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Patients diagnosed with Diabetic Foot Ulcer have and have Peripheral Artery Disease, patient characteristics are homogenized, age >18 years, wound care every three days, Ankle Brachial Index values between 0.6-1.3 mmHg, research three clinics in Indonesia in February 2021. METHODS: The population with Diabetic Foot Ulcer was screened by inclusion criteria with Ankle Brachial Index and Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool instruments, a total of n=140; in the study, thirteen samples were excluded, the intervention group was given Compression Therapy n= 68, and the control group was compression stockings for eight weeks n=59, the data were statistically analyzed non-parametric test using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the mean difference in paired group means was 26.4%. Meanwhile, in the mean analysis, the difference in the post-test healing of diabetic foot ulcers was 2.83%; p=0.000 and improvement of peripheral microcirculation was 33.02%; p=0.000 in the eighth week. Thus, compression therapy intervention in diabetic foot ulcer patients can improve peripheral microcirculation and increase Diabetic Foot Ulcers healing compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Compression therapy tailored to the patient's needs and according to standard operating procedures can improve peripheral microcirculation, so that blood flow in the legs becomes normal; it can speed up the healing process of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
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Bandagens Compressivas , Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Adolescente , Humanos , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Pé Diabético/terapia , Úlcera do Pé/terapia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The hallmark symptom of heart failure (HF) is severe exercise intolerance. Fortunately, accumulated evidence suggests that exercise programs improve physical performance, enhance autonomy in daily activities and quality of life, and reduce cardiovascular and other hospitalizations. Recently, experimental studies have explored the application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), aiming to improve physical performance due to its ability to modulate brain functioning. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of anodal tDCS associated with aerobic exercise on the functional capacity of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Secondary objectives are to compare the effects of tDCS associated with aerobic exercise vs. sham-tDCS associated with aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity; inflammatory cytokines; and quality of life. METHODS: This is a two-arm, prospectively registered, randomized trial with concealed allocation, double-blind, and intention-to-treat analysis. Forty-four patients with HFrEF will be recruited. The experimental group will undertake 25-30 min aerobic exercise training associated with tDCS, for 4 weeks. The control group will undergo the same aerobic exercise training, but with sham-tDCS. The primary outcome will be functional performance by the 6-min walk test. Secondary outcomes will include cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and quality of life. Outcomes will be collected by a researcher blinded to group allocation at baseline (T0) and after 4 weeks of intervention (T1). DISCUSSION: Although previous studies have investigated the combined effect of tDCS on T3 area and physical performance and have suggested that tDCS could have reduced ratings of perceived exertion by affecting the activity of the insular cortex, and therefore increase exercise tolerance, this study is the first to evaluate the effects of the addition of anodal tDCS to aerobic exercise training for improving physical and functional performance, decreasing the perceived exertion, altering the quantification of inflammatory cytokines, and improving the subclinical values of the cardiopulmonary test in patients with HFrEF, which could result in an important advance in cardiac rehabilitation for patients with chronic HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) RBR-10w787j6. Registered on 25 April 2023. https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/pesquisador.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Humanos , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Volume Sistólico , Exercício Físico , Método Duplo-Cego , Citocinas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its associated ecosystems are highly biodiverse but still understudied, especially with respect to eukaryotic microbes. Protists represent the largest proportion of eukaryotic diversity and play important roles in nutrient cycling and maintenance of the ecosystems in which they occur. However, much of protist diversity remains unknown, particularly in the Neotropics. Understanding the taxonomic and functional diversity of these organisms is urgently needed, not only to fill this gap in our knowledge, but also to enable the development of public policies for biological conservation. This is the first study to investigate the taxonomic and trophic diversity of the major protist groups in freshwater systems and brackish coastal lagoons located in fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest by DNA metabarcoding, using high-throughput sequencing of the gene coding for the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene. We compared α and ß diversity for all protist communities and assessed the relative abundance of phototrophic, consumer, and parasitic taxa. We found that the protist communities of coastal lagoons are as diverse as the freshwater systems studied in terms of α diversity, although differed significantly in terms of taxonomic composition. Our results still showed a notable functional homogeneity between the trophic groups in freshwater environments. Beta diversity was higher among freshwater samples, suggesting a greater level of heterogeneity within this group of samples concerning the composition and abundance of OTUs.Ciliophora was the most represented group in freshwater, while Diatomea dominated diversity in coastal lagoons.
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Cilióforos , Ecossistema , Brasil , Biodiversidade , Florestas , Cilióforos/genéticaRESUMO
Introduction: The transcription factor GATA-3 plays a significant role in mammary gland development and differentiation. Recent studies on human oncology have demonstrated its association with favorable pathologic factors in breast cancer. Canine mammary tumours, proposed as comparative and translational study models, have epidemiological, clinical, biological, and genetic characteristics similar to those of human breast cancers. Methods: Here, we evaluated the frequency of GATA-3 expression in mammary tumors of dogs and its relationship with prognostic factors and survival. Tumor samples were obtained from 40 female dogs and grouped according to histological type into benign tumors (n = 10), carcinoma in mixed tumors (CMTs) (n = 20), and aggressive tumors (n = 10). CMTs were further separated according to histological grade, and data on clinical staging and diagnosis, histopathological grading, and survival rate were collected. Results: GATA-3 and estrogen receptor (ER) expression were higher in benign and well-differentiated carcinomas than in aggressive tumors, which showed greater Ki-67 expression. The expression rate of ER in the studied groups was equivalent to that of GATA-3. We identified a strong positive correlation between GATA-3 and ER expression frequencies and a negative correlation between those of GATA-3 and Ki-67. There were associations between GATA-3 (p < 0.001), Ki-67 (p = 0.003), tumor size (p < 0.001), clinical stage (p = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and histological grade (p < 0.001) by univariate survival analysis. The parameters ER (p = 0.015) and GATA-3 (p = 0.005) also influenced survival in a multifactorial manner. Discussion: Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival curves validated our previous findings that dogs with GATA-3 expression in ≥79.4% of cells had significantly higher survival rates (p < 0.001). The performance analysis showed that the expression of GATA-3 in ≥79.4% of cells effectively predicted survival or death in dogs with mammary tumors. Collectively, these results suggest that GATA-3 can be a relevant marker in the study of mammary tumor progression and has potential as a prognosis marker for predicting outcomes in canine mammary tumors.
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The objective of this study was to assess the application of a urethrostomy technique that utilizes an autologous vascularized intestinal graft as a "neourethra" and to analyze its short- and long-term feasibilities. Six cats with urethral rupture and 8 cats with urethral stricture and a history of urethrostomy were included. The inclusion criteria were the indication for urethroplasty and limited urethral length for perineal urethrostomy. A segment of intestine was prepared as a graft for urethral repair. The diameter of the aboral end was adjusted to facilitate anastomosis with the urethra or neck of the urinary bladder. An ostomy was created in the prepubic region using the oral end. The postoperative follow-up period was at least 1 y. Restoration of urinary flow was successful in all cases immediately after surgery. During postoperative follow-up, minimal complications were observed, with urinary incontinence being one of the most frequent, occurring in 28.5% (4/14) of the cases. Urine culture, carried out at different times during the follow-up period, was positive in 72.7% (8/11) of the cats. The autologous graft from the vascularized intestinal segment was an appropriate urethral substitute and this urethroplasty technique therefore proved to be feasible in cats. The postoperative complications observed were not exclusive to this technique and generally could either be corrected or tolerated. Periodic clinical follow-up examinations are recommended. This procedure allows the reestablishment of urinary flow and should be considered a favorable option, particularly when there is insufficient urethral tissue to allow repair using conventional techniques.
L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'application d'une technique d'urétrostomie qui utilise une greffe intestinale vascularisée autologue comme « néo-urètre ¼ et d'analyser ses faisabilités à court et à long terme. Six chats avec rupture urétrale et huit chats avec rétrécissement urétral et antécédents d'urétrostomie ont été inclus. Les critères d'inclusion étaient l'indication d'urétroplastie et la longueur urétrale limitée pour l'urétrostomie périnéale. Un segment d'intestin a été préparé comme greffon pour la réparation urétrale. Le diamètre de l'extrémité aborale était ajusté pour faciliter l'anastomose avec l'urètre ou le col de la vessie. Une stomie a été créée dans la région prépubienne en utilisant l'extrémité orale. La période de suivi postopératoire était d'au moins 1 an. La restauration du flux urinaire a réussi dans tous les cas immédiatement après la chirurgie. Au cours du suivi postopératoire, des complications minimes ont été observées, l'incontinence urinaire étant l'une des plus fréquentes, survenant dans 28,5 % (4/14) des cas. La culture urinaire, réalisée à différents moments de la période de suivi, était positive chez 72,7 % (8/11) des chats. La greffe autologue du segment intestinal vascularisé était un substitut urétral approprié et cette technique d'urétroplastie s'est donc avérée réalisable chez le chat. Les complications postopératoires observées n'étaient pas exclusives à cette technique et pouvaient généralement être soit corrigées soit tolérées. Des examens de suivi clinique périodiques sont recommandés. Cette procédure permet le rétablissement du flux urinaire et doit être considérée comme une option favorable, en particulier lorsque le tissu urétral est insuffisant pour permettre une réparation à l'aide de techniques conventionnelles.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
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Doenças do Gato , Estreitamento Uretral , Gatos , Animais , Resultado do Tratamento , Estreitamento Uretral/cirurgia , Estreitamento Uretral/veterinária , Uretra/cirurgia , IntestinosRESUMO
Organic acids (OAs) are a class of feed additives that have prophylactic and inhibitory properties against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated growth performance, innate immune response, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against Francisella orientalis F1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed different doses of Bacti-nil®Aqua, a blend of short- and medium-chain OAs. For 21 days, 680 juvenile tilapias were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with a 0.3% (D3) or 0.5% (D5) OA blend. The feed conversion rate of fish fed the 0.5% enriched diet was considerably lower (p < 0.05) than that of the fish fed the basal diet. Lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities were significantly elevated following OA administration. After infection, no differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota were observed between the groups. After the bacterial challenge, the mortality was significantly lower in group D5 (p < 0.01). The diet supplemented with Bacti-nil®Aqua (Adisseo) improved the immune response and resistance of tilapia juveniles against F. orientalis infection. Thus, this OA blend could serve as a feed additive with good activity against F. orientalis.
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Ciclídeos , Doenças dos Peixes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções Estreptocócicas , Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Imunidade Inata , Dieta/veterinária , Resistência à DoençaRESUMO
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of the addition of exogenous protease on the fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages during various storage periods. Treatments were applied using a 2 × 6 × 3 factorial combination, with 2 types of rehydrated grains (corn and sorghum), 6 doses of the enzyme (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%, based on natural matter) and 3 fermentation periods (0, 60, and 90 days) in a completely randomized design, with 4 replications. The protease aspergilopepsin I, of fungal origin, produced by Aspergillus niger, was used. The lactic acid concentration increased linearly as the enzyme dose increased in corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grain silages, at 60 and 90 days of fermentation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and soluble protein, as well as the in situ starch digestibility in rehydrated CG and SG silages, compared to the treatment without the addition of protease. The addition of 0.3% exogenous protease at the moment of CG ensiling and 0.5% in rehydrated SG increased the proteolytic activity during fermentation, providing an increase in in situ starch digestibility in a shorter storage time.
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Silagem , Sorghum , Silagem/microbiologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Sorghum/metabolismo , Fermentação , Valor Nutritivo , Amido/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The interaction of antiseizure medication with contraceptives, its potential teratogenicity and implications in pregnancy and breastfeeding are aspects to consider in the neurological care of women with epilepsy of childbearing age. To ensure the commitment in therapeutic decisions and the appropriate planning of maternity, it is essential that women are informed about the implications of their disease in these domains. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of women of childbearing age with epilepsy concerning the impact of epilepsy in contraception, pregnancy and breastfeeding. As secondary aims we defined (1) the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characterization of this group of patients, (2) the identification of variables that correlated with the level of knowledge of women with epilepsy, and (3) the identification of preferential methods to acquire new knowledge about epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was observational, cross-sectional and multicentric, and was carried out in five hospitals of the Lisbon metropolitan area. After identifying all women of childbearing age with epilepsy followed in the epilepsy clinic of each center, we applied an electronic questionnaire based on a non-systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen participants were validated, with a median age of 33 years. Half of the participants were on monotherapy, and the majority had no seizures in the last six months. We identified important gaps in the participants' knowledge. Sections about complications and administration of antiseizure medication during pregnancy were the ones with the worst results. None of the clinical and demographic variables correlated with the final questionnaire score. Having had a previous pregnancy and the desire to breastfeed in a future pregnancy were positively correlated with the performance in breastfeeding section. Face-to-face discussion during medical outpatient visits was selected as the preferential method to learn about epilepsy, and the internet and social media were the least preferred ones. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of women of childbearing age with epilepsy in the Lisbon metropolitan area concerning the impact of epilepsy in contraception, pregnancy and breastfeeding seems to have significant gaps. Medical teams should consider engaging in patient education particularly during outpatient clinics.
Introdução: A interação dos fármacos anticrise epilética com os métodos contracetivos, a sua potencial teratogenicidade e as implicações na gravidez e amamentação são aspetos a considerar no acompanhamento de mulheres com epilepsia em idade fértil. Para o seu desejado envolvimento nas decisões terapêuticas e o adequado planeamento da maternidade, é essencial que as mulheres estejam corretamente informadas acerca das implicações da sua doença. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento das mulheres com epilepsia em idade fértil sobre o impacto da epilepsia na contraceção, gravidez e amamentação. Como objetivos secundários definiram-se (1) a caracterização demográfica, clínica e terapêutica deste grupo de doentes, (2) a identificação de variáveis correlacionadas com o nível de conhecimento das mulheres com epilepsia, e (3) a identificação de meios e suportes preferenciais para aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre epilepsia. Material e Métodos: O estudo foi observacional, transversal e multicêntrico, tendo decorrido em cinco centros hospitalares da região metropolitana de Lisboa. Após identificação das mulheres com epilepsia em idade fértil seguidas na Consulta de Epilepsia de cada centro, aplicou-se um questionário eletrónico construído após revisão não sistemática da literatura. Resultados: Foram validadas 114 participantes, com uma idade mediana de 33 anos. Metade das participantes apresentavam-se sob monoterapia, tendo a maioria a epilepsia controlada há pelo menos seis meses. Identificaram-se importantes lacunas no conhecimento das participantes. Conceitos sobre complicações dos fármacos anticrise epilética e a sua administração durante a gravidez motivaram piores resultados. Não houve correlação entre variáveis clinico-demográficas e o resultado no questionário. A ocorrência de gravidez prévia e o desejo de amamentar numa gravidez futura correlacionaram-se com o desempenho na secção sobre amamentação. A discussão oral na consulta foi a forma preferencial para aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre epilepsia, tendo a internet e as redes sociais sido os meios menos escolhidos. Conclusão: O conhecimento das mulheres com epilepsia em idade fértil na área metropolitana de Lisboa sobre o impacto da sua doença na contraceção, gravidez e amamentação parece apresentar lacunas importantes. A educação para a saúde deste grupo deverá constituir uma preocupação por parte das equipas médicas, devendo privilegiar-se a consulta como local de ensino.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Epilepsia , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticoncepção , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudos Multicêntricos como AssuntoRESUMO
This study compared the performance of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue endodontic files in retreatment time and re-establishment of apical patency, plus removal of a bioceramic sealer from the canal surface with the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher R. Following preparation, slightly curved oval root canals in mandibular incisors were filled using a corresponding gutta-percha point and a bioceramic sealer. Apical patency achievement was assessed and the time required to reach the original working length was recorded. The samples were split longitudinally and were photographed to assess the material remaining on the canal walls. No significant differences were observed regarding patency achievement or retreatment times when comparing Reciproc and Reciproc Blue. Significant less material remained on the canal walls when Reciproc was followed by XP-endo compared with Reciproc alone, and when the data for Reciproc and Reciproc Blue were pooled.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Cavidade Pulpar , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Obturação do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Guta-Percha , RetratamentoRESUMO
Due to the co-evolved intricate relationships and mutual influence between changes in the microbiome and silage fermentation quality, we explored the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici (Inoc1) or Lactobacillus buchneri (Inoc2) inoculants on the diversity and bacterial and fungal community succession of rehydrated corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grains and their silages using Illumina Miseq sequencing after 0, 3, 7, 21, 90, and 360 days of fermentation. The effects of inoculants on bacterial and fungal succession differed among the grains. Lactobacillus and Weissella species were the main bacteria involved in the fermentation of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silage. Aspergillus spp. mold was predominant in rehydrated CG fermentation, while the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus was the major fungus in rehydrated SG silages. The Inoc1 was more efficient than CTRL and Inoc2 in promoting the sharp growth of Lactobacillus spp. and maintaining the stability of the bacterial community during long periods of storage in both grain silages. However, the bacterial and fungal communities of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages did not remain stable after 360 days of storage.
Assuntos
Inoculantes Agrícolas , Microbiota , Sorghum , Grão Comestível , Fermentação , Silagem/microbiologia , Sorghum/microbiologia , Zea mays/microbiologiaRESUMO
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a mineral compound present in the Earth's crust in two mineral forms: crystalline and amorphous. Based on epidemiological and/or biological evidence, the pulmonary effects of crystalline silica are considered well understood, with the development of silicosis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The structure and capacity to trigger oxidative stress are recognized as relevant determinants in crystalline silica's toxicity. In contrast, natural amorphous silica was long considered nontoxic, and was often used as a negative control in experimental studies. However, as manufactured amorphous silica nanoparticles (or nanosilica or SiNP) are becoming widely used in industrial applications, these paradigms must now be reconsidered at the nanoscale (<100 nm). Indeed, recent experimental studies appear to point towards significant toxicity of manufactured amorphous silica nanoparticles similar to that of micrometric crystalline silica. In this article, we present an extensive review of the nontumoral pulmonary effects of silica based on in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. The findings of this review are presented both for micro- and nanoscale particles, but also based on the crystalline structure of the silica particles.