Nutritional Status is Associated with Permanent Tooth Eruption in a Group of Brazilian School Children.

The present study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status with delayed tooth eruption (DTE). Oral examination was performed in schoolchildren (8-11 years old), and DTE was defined by absence of dental gingival emergence or when primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after the expected time. BMI z-score of each child were collected and nutritional status was defined. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated. The established alpha was 5%. Among 353 included children, 247 were classified as eutrophic, 16 as underweight, 64 as overweight, and 26 as obese. Underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (P = .014; OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.3-9.8), and underweight girls had more chance to present DTE than eutrophic girls (P = .048; OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1-17.2) in chi square test. In logistic regression, underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (OR = 4.21; CI 95% = 1.42-12.43; P = .009). Underweight children have a higher risk of DTE in permanents.

Vitamin D receptor FokI and BglI genetic polymorphisms, dental caries, and gingivitis.

BACKGROUND & AIM: To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570) and BglI (rs739837) in vitamin D receptor (VDR) with dental caries and gingivitis susceptibility. DESIGN: This study included 353 Brazilian children (8 to 11 years old). Dental caries was assessed using ICDAS (International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions) and gingival bleeding using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The presence of visible biofilm was also evaluated. DNA was extracted from saliva, and real-time PCR was used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms in VDR: rs2228570 (FokI, A>G/Met>Thr) and rs739837 (BglI, G>T). Dental caries was evaluated as a continuous data (mean and standard deviation-SD) and was also categorized (ICDAS0 versus ICDAS1-6 or ICDAS1-2 versus ICDAS3-6). Gingivitis was categorized in with and without. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons of caries among genotypes. Chi-square test, logistic regression, and haplotype analysis were performed (P < .05). RESULTS: Biofilm was associated with dental caries susceptibility and gingivitis (P < .05). The mean distribution of the caries lesions and cavitated caries lesions among FokI and BgII genotypes were not statistically significant (P > .05). Genotype distributions among caries groups (in the two different cut-offs) and among gingivitis and non-gingivitis groups were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms FokI and BglI in VDR were not associated with dental caries or gingivitis.

Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) prevented inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal alterations in an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots store carbohydrate in the form of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which improve intestinal health. Yacon has the potential to prevent the intestinal barrier alterations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of yacón flour (YF) on alterations promoted by CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. RESULTS: CRC increased tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (group CY = 10.2 ± 0.72; group C = 9.6 ± 1.0; group Y = 5.8 ± 0.54; group S = 5.95 ± 0.6 pg mL-1 ) and short-chain fatty acid production, and decreased total antioxidant capacity (group CY = 4.7 ± 0.72; group C = 3.3 ± 0.3; group Y = 4.1 ± 0.47; group S = 6.7 ± 0.78 U mL-1 ). Furthermore, YF treatment reduced intraluminal pH (group CY = 6.45 ± 0.47; group C = 7.65 ± 0.44; group Y = 6.75 ± 0.46; group S = 8.13 ± 0.2), lactulose/mannitol ratio, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL)-10 ratio, and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (group CY = 9.48 ± 1.46; group C = 10.95 ± 3.87; group Y = 15.95 ± 7.36; group S = 9.19 ± 1.52), but did not affect IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels nor the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSION: YF as a source of fructooligosaccharides may help to maintain the integrity of intestinal health, which is altered in induced CRC in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.