Vitamin D Status for Chinese Children and Adolescents in CNNHS 2016-2017.

Vitamin D is very important in maintaining children's bone health because of its regulatory role in calcium and phosphate metabolism. To better understand vitamin D status and related risk factors of children and adolescents in China, this study analyzed the 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentration of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China and assessed the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. We analyzed the data of 25(OH)D concentration collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016-2017 (CNNHS 2016-2017). The age, sex, region type, ethnicities, season, weight and height were recorded, measured by unified questionnaire, equipment and standards. The concentration of 25(OH)D was detected by LC-MS/MS. A total of 64,391 participants from the cross-sectional study of CNNHS in 2016-2017 were included in this study. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 17.70 (13.20-22.68) ng/mL, 18.70 (14.10-23.80) ng/mL in boys and 16.60 (12.40-21.40) ng/mL in girls. The total prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 65.98% when the cut-off was 20 ng/mL, 60.42% for boys and 71.99% for girls. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, girls aged above 12 y, living in midlands and northern regions, in spring and winter seasons and with abdominal obesity will have a significantly increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents. The results showed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 y in China. They should be encouraged to have more effective sunlight exposure, increased intake of vitamin D from food or supplements in their diet, especially for those aged above 12 y, living in the northern or midlands areas, in spring and winter, and abdominally obese.

Remembering the earthquake: intrusive memories of disaster in a rural Italian community.

Background: Disasters can have long-lasting impacts on mental health. Intrusive memories have been found to be common and persistent in the aftermath of earthquakes. Objective: To explore, using diaries, intrusive memories' presence, content, characteristics, and relationship with probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a small rural community exposed to mass destruction and loss of life. Methods: Survivors of the 2016-2017 Central Italy earthquakes (N = 104) were first interviewed to investigate the presence of intrusive memories of the disaster. Those that reported intrusive memories were subsequently asked to complete a 7-day paper-and-pen diary tracking their spontaneous memories of the earthquake events. Results: Twenty months after the earthquakes, 49% (n = 51) of the sample reported having experienced intrusive memories post-earthquake and 38% (n = 39) reported at least one intrusive memory in their diaries. Memories were rated as being distressing, vivid, and experienced as a mixture of images and thoughts. The content of intrusive memories generally focused on sensations and experiences during the earthquake. Other common categories of content were the material environment and physical objects as well as human loss & death. Several memories had a social focus. A minority of memories contained more positive content as well as content from before and after the earthquake. Some participants (28%) experienced repeated intrusive memories of the same content. Memories of participants with and without probable PTSD did not significantly differ on characteristics or content. Conclusions: Intrusive memories can be common, distressing, and persistent occurrences following disasters, even in survivors not suffering from probable PTSD. Highlights: Intrusive memories were common, distressing, and vivid more than 1-year post-disaster.They captured peri-earthquake sensations, material destruction, death, and social interactions.No difference in content or characteristics was found between participants with and without probable PTSD.

Antecedentes: Los desastres pueden tener impactos duraderos en la salud mental. Se ha descubierto que los recuerdos intrusivos son comunes y persistentes después de los terremotos.Objetivo: Explorar, a través de diarios, la presencia, el contenido, las características de memorias intrusivas y la relación con la probabilidad de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en una pequeña comunidad rural expuesta a destrucción masiva y pérdida de vidas.Método: Primero se entrevistó a los sobrevivientes de los terremotos de Italia central del 2016­2017 (N = 104) para investigar la presencia de recuerdos intrusivos del desastre. A aquellos que reportaron recuerdos intrusivos se les pidió posteriormente que completaran un diario con papel y lápiz por 7 días registrando sus recuerdos espontáneos de los eventos del terremoto.Resultados: Veinte meses después de los terremotos, el 49% (n = 51) de la muestra informó haber experimentado recuerdos intrusivos posteriores al terremoto y el 38% (n = 39) informó al menos un recuerdo intrusivo en sus diarios. Los recuerdos se calificaron como angustiosos, vívidos y experimentados como una mezcla de imágenes y pensamientos. El contenido de los recuerdos intrusivos generalmente se centró en sensaciones y experiencias durante el terremoto. Otras categorías comunes de contenido fueron el entorno material y los objetos físicos, así como la pérdida y muerte humana. Varios recuerdos tenían un enfoque social. Una minoría de recuerdos contenía más contenido positivo, así como contenido de antes y después del terremoto. Algunos participantes (28%) experimentaron recuerdos intrusivos repetidos del mismo contenido. Los recuerdos de los participantes con y sin TEPT probable, no diferían significativamente en características o contenido.Conclusiones: Los recuerdos intrusivos pueden ser experiencias comunes, angustiosas y persistentes después de los desastres, incluso en sobrevivientes que no sufren de TEPT probable.

Feelings, Thoughts, and Behaviors During Disaster.

Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors during traumatic events, that is, peritraumatic reactions, are key to post-trauma psychopathology development. Qualitative research is required to investigate whether existing quantitative methods capture the range and complexity of peritraumatic reactions as described by survivors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 104 earthquake survivors. Participants reported experiencing various peritraumatic reactions (M = 21, range = 6-43). The survivors' accounts confirmed presence and overall phenomenological characteristics of commonly studied peritraumatic reactions such as dissociation, distress, mental defeat, and immobility. In addition, novel and understudied reactions were identified: cognitive overload, hyperfocus, and emotion regulation, as well as positive affect. Finally, a number of cross-cutting phenomena were identified such as the social nature of many reactions and survivors evaluating their reactions as difficult to put into words. These findings have implications for the conceptualization of peritraumatic reactions, for trauma-focused psychotherapeutic interventions, and for the wellbeing of disaster survivors.

Association between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to work type in non-regular workers: data from the first and second year (2016, 2017) of the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANE) (a cross-sectional study).

BACKGROUND: We aimed to find the relationship between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to working type in non-regular workers using the 2016 and 2017 Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination (KNHANE, 7th revision). METHOD: In the 1st and 2nd year (2016, 2017) of the 7th KNHANE, 16,277 people participated. Minors were excluded because this study was intended for individuals aged 19 years and older. As this study was based on wage workers, unemployment, self-employed workers, employers, unpaid family workers, and those who have insufficient answers such as unknown or no response were excluded. Regular workers were excluded because this study was intended for non-regular workers. Finally, a total of 2,168 people were included in the survey, except those who had been diagnosed with diabetes, had a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, or taking hypoglycemic agents or receiving insulin injections. To find the relationship between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to work type in non-regular workers, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting the general and occupational characteristics after stratification according to work type. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (version 26.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: In the case of insufficient sleep duration in irregular female workers, the odds ratio (OR) of impaired fasting glucose was statistically insignificant, but in the case of insufficient sleep duration in irregular male workers who have shift work, the odds ratio (OR) of impaired fasting glucose was significantly higher than that of sufficient sleep duration (Model 1, OR: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-7.90; Model 2, OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.08-7.29). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that insufficient sleep duration was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose levels in non-regular male workers working shifts. This means that non-regular workers are in desperate need for adequate sleep and health care. We hope that our study will help improve the health of non-regular workers and more systematic and prospective follow-up studies will be conducted to further improve the health of non-regular workers.

A large single-institution retrospective analysis of aggressive B-cell lymphomas according to the 2016/2017 WHO classification.

BACKGROUND: High-grade B-cell lymphomas (HGBLs) comprise a new entity in the revised 2016/2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. The diagnosis of HGBL encompasses histopathology and immunohistochemistry, with additional molecular examination of the BCL2/MYC or BCL6/MYC rearrangement status. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to summarize our experience in the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas according to the revised 2016/2017 WHO classifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed our single-institution experience with accurate diagnoses of HGBL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) using the available histopathological and immunohistochemical tools. The timeframe was from January 1, 2017 to April 18, 2018. RESULTS: Out of 265 patients, 217 (81.9%) were diagnosed with DLBCL, 43 (16.2%) with HGBL/DLBCL and 5 (1.9%) with not otherwise specified HGBL (HGBL-NOS). Regarding concurrent expression of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 (double expressors (DE) and triple expressors (TE)), more DE and TE cases were found in the HGBL/DLBCL group than in the DLBCL group (25.53% vs 8.47%, p < 0.001, for DE cases and 55.32% vs 6.21%, p < 0.001, for TE cases). All 48 (100.00%) of the HGBL-NOS and HGBL/DLBCL patients, and 26 (11.98%) of the DLBCL-DE/TE cases were recommended for molecular analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that a comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical examination may identify potential HGBL cases. This study emphasizes the need to introduce a suitable molecular examination for patients with HGBL morphology and/or double/triple expression of BCL2/BCL6/MYC proteins.

Genomic and structural features of the yellow fever virus from the 2016-2017 Brazilian outbreak.

Southeastern Brazil has been suffering a rapid expansion of a severe sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak since late 2016, which has reached one of the most populated zones in Brazil and South America, heretofore a yellow fever-free zone for more than 70 years. In the current study, we describe the complete genome of 12 YFV samples from mosquitoes, humans and non-human primates from the Brazilian 2017 epidemic. All of the YFV sequences belong to the modern lineage (sub-lineage 1E) of South American genotype I, having been circulating for several months prior to the December 2016 detection. Our data confirm that viral strains associated with the most severe YF epidemic in South America in the last 70 years display unique amino acid substitutions that are mainly located in highly conserved positions in non-structural proteins. Our data also corroborate that YFV has spread southward into Rio de Janeiro state following two main sylvatic dispersion routes that converged at the border of the great metropolitan area comprising nearly 12 million unvaccinated inhabitants. Our original results can help public health authorities to guide the surveillance, prophylaxis and control measures required to face such a severe epidemiological problem. Finally, it will also inspire other workers to further investigate the epidemiological and biological significance of the amino acid polymorphisms detected in the Brazilian 2017 YFV strains.

DRIFT OF INFLUENA A(H3N2) VIRUS: BIOLOGICAL, ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC PROPERTIES IN EPIDEMIC SEASON 2016-2017 IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE NOTHERN HEMYSPHERE.

The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation for the period from October 2016 to May 2017 in some territories of Russia collaborating with the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the 2016-2017 season's peculiarities in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere was the earlier start of an increase in ARD morbidity with peak indexes reached towards the end of December 2016 - January 2017. First, influenza A(H3N2) virus was predominant; then, it was followed by influenza B virus activity observed until the end of the season. The indexes of morbidity were higher than in the previous season, while the rates of hospitalization and mortality were lower, lethal cases being detected in persons 65 years old and older. Epidemic strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus belonged to 3c.2a genetic group, reference strain A/Hong Hong/4408/2014, and its subgroup 3c.2a1, reference A/Bolzano/7/2016, that are antigenically similar. Strains of influenza B virus were antigenically similar to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The share participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. WHO has issued recommendations for influenza virus vaccines composition for 2017-2018 for the Northern hemisphere.

Predictability of European 2016/2017.

Winter 2016/2017 was one of the driest on record for central Europe and the United Kingdom. This was the result of blocked atmospheric circulation with high pressure centred over North-West Europe dominating the winter mean circulation pattern. Using large ensembles of simulated winters, we find that the observed winter 2016/2017 circulation was very similar in pattern and strength to the circulation associated with the top 10% of driest Central European winters. Here, we explore whether seasonal forecasts were able to predict this circulation pattern. Despite the fact that the observed circulation anomaly did not project on to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), we find that forecasts starting in November did predict a high-pressure anomaly over North-Western Europe. We use two independent data sets, and methods, to probe the drivers of this circulation pattern. We find evidence for a Rossby Wave propagating out of the tropical Atlantic where there were anomalous local rainfall anomalies. This case study is another example of real-time seasonal forecast skill for Europe and provides evidence for predictability beyond the NAO pattern.