Evaluating the Effectiveness of Transtibial Prosthetic Socket Shape Design using Artificial Intelligence: A Clinical Comparison with Traditional Plaster Cast Socket Designs.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the feasibility of creating an AI algorithm to enhance prosthetic socket shapes for transtibial prostheses, aiming for a less operator-dependent, standardized approach. DESIGN: The study comprised two phases: first, developing an AI algorithm in a cross-sectional study to predict prosthetic socket shapes. Second, testing the AI-predicted Digitally Measured and Standardized Designed (DMSD-)prosthetic socket against a Manually Measured and Designed (MMD-)prosthetic socket in a two-week within-subject cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was done at the rehabilitation department of the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: The AI algorithm was developed using retrospective data from 116 patients from a Dutch orthopedic company: OIM Orthopedie, and tested on ten randomly selected participants from Papenburg Orthopedie. INTERVENTIONS: Utilization of an AI algorithm to enhance the shape of a transtibial prosthetic socket. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The algorithm was optimized to minimize the error in the test set. Participants' Socket Comfort Score (SCS) and fitting ratings from an independent physiotherapist and prosthetist were collected. RESULTS: Predicted prosthetic shapes deviated by 2.51 mm from the actual designs. 8/10 DMSD and all 10 MMD-prosthetic sockets were satisfactory for home testing. Participants rated DMSD prosthetic sockets at 7.1 ± 2.2 (n=8) and MMD prosthetic sockets at 6.6 ± 1.2 (n=10) on average. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates promising results for using an AI algorithm in prosthetic socket design, but long-term effectiveness and refinement for improved comfort and fit in more deviant cases are necessary.

An Adaptive 3D Neighbor Discovery and Tracking Algorithm in Battlefield Flying Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas.

Neighbor discovery and tracking with directional antennas in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) is a challenging issue because of dispersed node distribution and irregular maneuvers in three-dimensional (3D) space. In this paper, we propose an adaptive 3D neighbor discovery and tracking algorithm in battlefield FANETs with directional antennas. With time synchronization, a flying node transmits/receives the neighbor discovery packets sequentially in each beam around it to execute a two-way handshake for neighbor discovery. The transmitting or receiving status of each discovery slot depends on the binary code corresponding to the identification of the node. Discovered neighbor nodes exchange their 3D positions in tracking slots periodically for node tracking, and the maximum tracking period is determined by node velocity, beamwidth, and the minimum distance between nodes. By configuring the relevant parameters, the proposed algorithm can also apply to two-dimensional planar ad hoc networks. The simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm can achieve shorter neighbor discovery time and longer link survival time in comparison with the random scanning algorithm in scenarios with narrow beamwidth and wide moving area. When the frame length increases, the protocol overhead decreases but the average neighbor discovery time increases. The suitable frame length should be determined based on the network range, node count, beamwidth, and node mobility characteristics.

Applying 3D scanning to evaluate facial symmetry in Asian populations.

BACKGROUND: Facial symmetry enhances attractiveness, with various therapies available to improve it. However, trends in facial asymmetry remain unclear. This study evaluates the differences between specific facial regions using 3D scanning to guide clinical treatment. METHOD: The 3dMD face™ system (3dMD Ltd, USA) scanned the faces of 88 participants. Geomagic Wrap 2021 analyzed the left and right sides. Differences in the eyebrow peaks, eyebrow tails, eye ends, and mouth corners were evaluated. RESULTS: Several participants showed a drooping right side of the face in the eyebrow peaks, eyebrow tails, eye ends, mouth corners, tubercula mentale, and mandibular margin positions. A higher proportion had deeper left nasolabial folds and marionette lines, whereas several others had deeper right tear ducts and lateral chin depressions. Several participants exhibited prominent right forehead and parotid masseter region, with prominent left temporal and cheek regions. CONCLUSION: 3D scanning effectively assesses facial asymmetry in clinical practice. Research indicates significant differences in asymmetry between the facial regions. Evaluating these differences pre-treatment can guide the selection of therapeutic methods to improve facial asymmetry. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 (Diagnostic).

Impact of occlusal stabilization splints on global body posture: a prospective clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Body posture of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been investigated using different methods, whereas outcome and conclusions were controversial. The present clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of splint therapy on global body posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 subjects (20 females, 4 males; age 24.2 ± 4.0 years) with TMD symptoms were examined clinically (RDC/TMD) and subsequently, splint fabrication was initiated. Along with routine therapy, all subjects underwent three-dimensional pre- and post-treatment full body scans in standing and upright sitting posture using a Vitus Smart XXL 3D scanner. Each scan was acquired in triplicate and evaluated in duplicate, measuring twelve standing and nine sitting postural parameters. Influencing factors were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and additional Bland-Altman analyses verified the significance of the ANOVA results. RESULTS: The increase of Forward Head angles and the decrease of Round Shoulders angles were consistent for both positions and sides. Forward Head angles were significantly influenced by limited mandibular mobility and myofascial pain. Round Shoulders angles showed a significant correlation with myofascial pain, joint noises and the absence of limited mandibular mobility. CONCLUSION: The influence of occlusal splints on global posture is limited and only small effects on cervicocranial parameters were found. In the present study, the average head position of post treatment measurements was more centered on the body's core, whereas the shoulders were tilted more anteriorly. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the limited influence of occlusal splints on cervicocranial parameters underscores the need for multimodal treatment strategies for TMD patients.

Innovative 3D printing and molding process for secondary-skin-collimator fabrication.

Purpose. Secondary skin collimation (SSC) is essential for shielding normal tissues near tumors during electron and orthovoltage radiation treatments. Traditional SSC fabrication methods, such as crafting in-house lead sheets, are labor-intensive and produce SSCs with low geometric accuracy. This study introduces a workflow that integrated 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies with an in-house mold process, enabling the production of patient-specific SSCs within six hours.Methods. An anthropomorphic head phantom was scanned with a handheld 3D scanner. The resulting scan data was imported into 3D modeling software for design. The completed model was exported to a 3D printer as a printable file. Subsequently, molten Cerrobend was poured into the mold and allowed to set, completing the SSC production. Geometric accuracy was assessed using CT images, and the shielding effectiveness was evaluated through film dosimetry.Results. The 3D printed mold achieved submillimeter accuracy (0.5 mm) and exhibited high conformity to the phantom surface. It successfully endured the weight and heat of the Cerrobend during pouring and curing. Dosimetric analysis conducted with radiochromic film demonstrated good agreement between the measured and expected attenuation values of the SSC slab, within ±3%.Conclusions. This study presents a proof of concept for novel mold room workflows that produce patient-specific SSCs within six hours, a significant improvement over the traditional SSC fabrication process, which takes 2-3 days. The submillimeter accuracy and versatility of 3D scanning and printing technologies afford greater design freedom and enhanced delivery accuracy for cases involving irregular geometries.

Improving Interdisciplinary Communication and Pathology Reporting for Head and Neck Cancer Resections: 3D Visualizations and Margin Reconciliation.

PURPOSE: Surgical pathology reports play an integral role in postoperative management of head and neck cancer patients. Pathology reports of complex head and neck resections must convey critical information to all involved clinicians. Previously, we demonstrated the utility of 3D specimen and defect scanning for communicating margin status and documenting the location of supplemental margins. We introduce a newly designed permanent pathology report which improves documentation of intraoperative margin mapping and extent of corresponding supplemental margins harvested. METHODS: We test the hypothesis that gaps in understanding exist for head and neck resection pathology reports across providers. A cross-sectional exploratory study using human-centered design was implemented to evaluate the existing permanent pathology report with respect to understanding margin status. Pathologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists from United States-based medical institutions were surveyed. The results supported a redesign of our surgical pathology template, incorporating 3D specimen / defect scans and annotated radiographic images indicating the location of inadequate margins requiring supplemental margins, or indicating frankly positive margins discovered on permanent section. RESULTS: Forty-seven physicians completed our survey. Analyzing surgical pathology reports, 28/47 (60%) respondents reported confusion whether re-excised supplemental margins reflected clear margins, 20/47 (43%) reported uncertainty regarding final margin status, and 20/47 (43%) reported the need for clarity regarding the extent of supplemental margins harvested intraoperatively. From this feedback, we designed a new pathology report template; 61 permanent pathology reports were compiled with this new template over a 12-month period. CONCLUSION: Feedback from survey respondents led to a redesigned permanent pathology report that offers detailed visual anatomic information regarding intraoperative margin findings and exact location/size of harvested supplemental margins. This newly designed report reconciles frozen and permanent section results and includes annotated radiographic images such that clinicians can discern precise actions taken by surgeons to address inadequate margins, as well as to understand the location of areas of concern that may influence adjuvant radiation planning.

[Innovations in forensic medicine: accuracy, evidence and effectiveness of expertises in emergencies in case of mass fatality]. / Innovatsii v sudebnoi meditsine: dostovernost', dokazatel'nost' i effektivnost' provodimykh ekspertiz v usloviyakh chrezvychainoi situatsii pri massovoi gibeli lyudei.

The article presents the main innovative methods used in forensic expert practice at the current stage, reveals the principle and algorithms of the developed software complex for registration and identification of the deceased. The proposed program automatically generates four documents, which reduces the time required for forensic expertise in the conditions of mass admission of deceased. The article's authors substantiate prospects of further application of computer technologies in forensic practice to improve organizational and methodological activities in emergencies with a large number of deceased.

Comparing hoof dimensional measurements in cows based on 3D image creation and manual measurement.

In this study, the accuracy of using 3D measurements from a 3D image creation application (3DICA) as a potential tool for measuring hoof dimensions in cattle was determined. Fifty distal limbs of cattle obtained from a slaughterhouse were included after the data was trimmed by the functional hoof trimming method. The lengths of six dimensional variables determined by manual measurements served as the true values. Then, the images of these hooves were captured with the 3DICA, and the same variables were determined by the measurement function in the 3DICA. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the 3D and manual measurements for five of the six points, and the mean difference was within 2 mm at all six points. However, the limits of agreement varied at three of the six points. In conclusion, compared with manual measurements, the 3D measurements provided approximately equivalent measurements for the hoof dimensions. However, these findings are preliminary, and further investigations are needed.

Resistance of External Thermal Insulation Systems with Fire Barriers to Long-Lasting Weathering.

Fire barriers are used to reduce the risk of fire spreading over façades. External thermal insulation composite systems consist of mineral wool strips embedded in a layer of another thermal insulation material. A system configured in this manner, beyond standard solutions, can be more susceptible to environmental factors. In this study, an expanded polystyrene-based system with a mineral wool fire barrier was subjected to weathering conditions. In view of climate change, nonconventional long-lasting exposure simulating the effects of intensive atmospheric factors was applied. Two exposure sequences were used, each covering 80 cycles of heating and wetting, five cycles of heating and cooling, and 30 cycles of wetting, freezing, and thawing. Significant changes were observed in the first sequence. The second sequence caused rendering system cracks wider than 0.2 mm. This indicated a loss of watertightness. A new approach of 3D scanning with inspection analysis was used to assess the deformations. It showed deformation amounted to 0.7 mm within the MW strip. The methods used previously did not allow this level of deformation to be recorded.

Assessment of the accuracy of 3D printed medical models through reverse engineering.

The dimensional accuracy of additively manufactured (3D printed) medical models can be affected by various parameters. Although different methods are used to evaluate the accuracy of additively manufactured models, this study focused on the investigation of the dimensional accuracy of the medical model based the combination of reverse engineering (RE) and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Human femur bone was constructed from CT images and manufactured, using Fortus 450mc Industrial material extrusion 3D Printer. The additive manufactured femur bone was subsequently 3D scanned using three distinct non-contact 3D scanners. MeshLab was used for mesh analysis, while VX Elements was used for post-processing of the point cloud. A combination of the VX Inspect environment and MeshLab was used to evaluate the scanning performance. The deviation of the 3D scanned 3D models from the reference mesh was determined using relative metrics and absolute measurements. The scanners reported deviations ranging from -0.375 mm to 0.388 mm, resulting in a total range of approximately 0.763 mm with average root mean square (RMS) deviation of 0.22 mm. The results indicate that the additively manufactured model, as measured by 3D scanning, has a mean deviation with an average range of approximately 0.46 mm and an average mean value of around 0.16 mm.

A multi-technique and multiscale comparative study on the efficiency of conservation methods for the stabilisation of waterlogged archaeological pine.

Archaeological wood can be preserved in waterlogged conditions. Due to their degradation in the ground, these archaeological remains are endangered after their discovery, since they decay irretrievably during drying. Conservation measures are used to preserve waterlogged archaeological objects, maintaining their shape and character as much as possible. However, different methods have been developed leading to varying results. This study compares their effectiveness in order to clarify their mode of action. The methods including alcohol-ether resin, lactitol/trehalose, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol impregnation prior to freeze-drying, saccharose and silicone oil were assessed by analysing mass changes and volume stability using structured-light 3D scanning. The state of the conserved wood samples including the spatial distribution of the conservation agent was examined using synchrotron micro-computed tomography. Raman spectroscopy was used to observe the agent´s spatial distribution within the cells. The findings demonstrated that melamine formaldehyde stabilises the degraded cell walls. The lumens are void, as in the case with alcohol-ether resin, while polyethylene glycol, silicone oil, saccharose and lactitol/trehalose also occupy the lumens. It is assumed that the drying method has an effect on the distribution of the solidifying agent. The knowledge gained affords insights into the mechanism of conservation methods, which in turn accounts for the varied outcomes. It also allows conclusions to be drawn about the condition and stability of conserved museum objects and serves as a starting point for the further development of conservation methods.

Effect of Aging on Tensile and Chemical Properties of Polylactic Acid and Polylactic Acid-Like Polymer Materials for Additive Manufacturing.

Additive manufacturing, with its fast development and application of polymeric materials, led to the wide utilization of polylactic acid (PLA) materials. As a biodegradable and biocompatible aliphatic polyester, produced from renewable sources, PLA is widely used in different sectors, from industry to medicine and science. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between two forms of the PLA material, i.e., fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed filament and digital light processing (DLP) printed resin, followed by aging due to environmental and hygiene maintenance conditions for a period of two months. Specimens underwent 3D scanning, tensile testing, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to obtain insights into the material changes that occurred. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis was subsequently carried out to determine the statistical significance of the determined changes. Significant impairment can be observed in the dimensional accuracies between both materials, whether they are non-aged or aged. The mechanical properties fluctuated for aged FDM specimens: 15% for ultimate tensile stress, 15% for elongation at yield, and 12% for elastic modulus. Regarding the DLP aged specimens, the UTS decreased by 61%, elongation at yield by around 61%, and elastic modulus by 62%. According to the FTIR spectral analysis, the PLA materials degraded, especially in the case of resin specimens. Aging also showed a significant influence on the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile stress, elongation at yield, elongation at break, and toughness of both materials, which was statistically shown by means of a two-way ANOVA test. The data collected in this research give a better understanding of the underlying aging mechanism of PLA materials.

Quantitative evaluation of the proximal contact area gap change characterization under intercuspal occlusion by intraoral 3D scanning: Food impaction with tight proximal contact.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present three indicators that represent the proximal contact area gap change under intercuspal occlusion and to see if and how these indicators influence food impaction with tight proximal contact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety volunteers were recruited for bite force measurement and intraoral scanning. Three-dimensional surface data and buccal bite data were obtained for 60 impacted and 60 non-impacted teeth. The scanning data were imported into the Geomagic Studio 2013 to measure three indicators, which included the gap change maximum (Δdm, µm), the buccolingual position of Δdm (P), and the gap expanded buccolingual range (S, mm). The difference between two groups of three indicators and their relationship with food impaction with tight proximal contact were analyzed by the t test, the Pearson chi-squared test, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, and the binary logistic regression analysis (a = 0.05). RESULTS: All indicators (Δdm, P, and S) were statistically different (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001) in the impacted and non-impacted groups. Food impaction with tight proximal contact was affected by Δdm and S (p < 0.001, p = 0.039), but not by P (p = 0.409). CONCLUSION: The excessive increase of the gap change maximum and the gap expanded buccolingual range under bite force promoted the occurrence of food impaction with tight proximal contact. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of intraoral scanning to measure the characteristics of the proximal contact area gap change under bite force may help to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of food impaction with tight proximal contact. Importantly it can provide a reference basis for individualizing and quantifying occlusal adjustment treatment.

Enhanced revision rhinoplasty with processed costal cartilage guided by preoperative computed tomography and 3D scanning.

BACKGROUND: Revision rhinoplasty presents unique challenges, particularly in achieving structural integrity and aesthetic harmony. This study explores the efficacy of costal grafts in addressing these challenges, focusing on anatomical corrections and patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty with costal grafts. An algorithmic approach was applied to tailor the surgical technique to individual anatomical needs, documented through pre- and postoperative assessments, including CT imaging and 3D scanning. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were included. Significant improvements were noted in nasal structure and function post-surgery. The mean NOSE score improved from 94.47 ± 5.48 preoperatively to 12.59 ± 13.43 postoperatively, and the mean ROE score increased from 18.44 ± 10.02 to 92.65 ± 13.00, indicating substantial enhancement in both nasal airway function and patient satisfaction. The use of costal grafts facilitated effective corrections for a broad spectrum of nasal deformities, with a complication rate of 2.94%. CONCLUSIONS: Costal grafts in revision rhinoplasty offer a versatile and effective solution for complex nasal deformities. The algorithmic approach used in this study enhances repeatability and outcomes, suggesting a promising avenue for achieving desired aesthetic and functional results in revision cases. Further research is warranted to optimize techniques and evaluate long-term outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Extrinsic Calibration for a Modular 3D Scanning Quality Validation Platform with a 3D Checkerboard.

Optical 3D scanning applications are increasingly used in various medical fields. Setups involving multiple adjustable systems require repeated extrinsic calibration between patients. Existing calibration solutions are either not applicable to the medical field or require a time-consuming process with multiple captures and target poses. Here, we present an application with a 3D checkerboard (3Dcb) for extrinsic calibration with a single capture. The 3Dcb application can register captures with a reference to validate measurement quality. Furthermore, it can register captures from camera pairs for point-cloud stitching of static and dynamic scenes. Registering static captures from TIDA-00254 to its reference from a Photoneo MotionCam-3D resulted in an error (root mean square error ± standard deviation) of 0.02 mm ± 2.9 mm. Registering a pair of Photoneo MotionCam-3D cameras for dynamic captures resulted in an error of 2.2 mm ± 1.4 mm. These results show that our 3Dcb implementation provides registration for static and dynamic captures that is sufficiently accurate for clinical use. The implementation is also robust and can be used with cameras with comparatively low accuracy. In addition, we provide an extended overview of extrinsic calibration approaches and the application's code for completeness and service to fellow researchers.

3D Analysis of Breast Morphological Changes after Vertical-Scar Reduction Mammoplasty: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: In addition to symptom relief, the crucial objective of reduction mammoplasty is to achieve a stable and esthetically pleasing postoperative breast shape. However, the morphological changes in breasts following reduction mammoplasty have not been comprehensively understood. In this study, we applied three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology for long-term follow-up monitoring of breast morphological changes to discern their changing trends. Our goal was to provide a reliable basis for assessing postoperative effects and determining follow-up time points. METHODS: This prospective study included patients undergoing vertical-scar reduction mammoplasty. We utilized a combination of linear measurements and 3D scanning to measure various parameters, including breast volume, breast volume distribution, nipple position, and scar length at various time points: pre-surgery, immediately post-surgery, 3-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and 1-year postoperative. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients were enrolled in this study. Throughout the initial 3 months of postoperative follow-up, there was a gradual reduction in breast volume, which tended to stabilize from 3 to 12 months. The nipple position showed a gradual shift both laterally, inferiorly, and posteriorly. The volume of the lower and lateral part of the breast increased gradually. Notably, at 1 year after surgery, the scar length was approximately 6.3% shorter compared to the immediate postoperative measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Our 3D analysis unveiled comprehensive changes in breast morphology: The overall breast volume shifted laterally and inferiorly, the nipple position moved laterally, inferiorly, and posteriorly, and there was a significant reduction in scar length. Concurrently, breast volume exhibited a gradual decrease and stabilization after 3 months, establishing it as a suitable follow-up point for assessing postoperative results. Additionally, surgical plans can be formulated based on the overall trend of changes in breast volume and distribution, combined with methods such as three-dimensional scanning, to enhance surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 .

3D Convolutional Deep Learning for Nonlinear Estimation of Body Composition from Whole-Body Morphology.

Total and regional body composition are strongly correlated with metabolic syndrome and have been estimated non-invasively from 3D optical scans using linear parameterizations of body shape and linear regression models. Prior works produced accurate and precise predictions on many, but not all, body composition targets relative to the reference dual X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement. Here, we report the effects of replacing linear models with nonlinear parameterization and regression models on the precision and accuracy of body composition estimation in a novel application of deep 3D convolutional graph networks to human body composition modeling. We assembled an ensemble dataset of 4286 topologically standardized 3D optical scans from four different human body shape databases, DFAUST, CAESAR, Shape Up! Adults, and Shape Up! Kids and trained a parameterized shape model using a graph convolutional 3D autoencoder (3DAE) in lieu of linear PCA. We trained a nonlinear Gaussian process regression (GPR) on the 3DAE parameter space to predict body composition via correlations to paired DXA reference measurements from the Shape Up! scan subset. We tested our model on a set of 424 randomly withheld test meshes and compared the effects of nonlinear computation against prior linear models. Nonlinear GPR produced up to 20% reduction in prediction error and up to 30% increase in precision over linear regression for both sexes in 10 tested body composition variables. Deep shape features produced 6-8% reduction in prediction error over linear PCA features for males only and a 4-14% reduction in precision error for both sexes. Our best performing nonlinear model predicting body composition from deep features outperformed prior work using linear methods on all tested body composition prediction metrics in both precision and accuracy. All coefficients of determination (R2) for all predicted variables were above 0.86. We show that GPR is a more precise and accurate method for modeling body composition mappings from body shape features than linear regression. Deep 3D features learned by a graph convolutional autoencoder only improved male body composition accuracy but improved precision in both sexes. Our work achieved lower estimation RMSEs than all previous work on 10 metrics of body composition.

Rapid patient-specific FEM meshes from 3D smart-phone based scans.

Objective.The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate a smart-phone based method to rapidly generate subject-specific finite element method (FEM) meshes. More accurate FEM meshes should lead to more accurate thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) images.Approach.The method was evaluated on an iPhone®that utilized an app called Heges, to obtain 3D scans (colored, surface triangulations), a custom belt, and custom open-source software developed to produce the subject-specific meshes. The approach was quantitatively validated via mannequin and volunteer tests using an infrared tracker as the gold standard, and qualitatively assessed in a series of tidal-breathing EIT images recorded from 9 subjects.Main results.The subject-specific meshes can be generated in as little as 6.3 min, which requires on average 3.4 min of user interaction. The mannequin tests yielded high levels of precision and accuracy at 3.2 ± 0.4 mm and 4.0 ± 0.3 mm root mean square error (RMSE), respectively. Errors on volunteers were only slightly larger (5.2 ± 2.1 mm RMSE precision and 7.7 ± 2.9 mm RMSE accuracy), illustrating the practical RMSE of the method.Significance.Easy-to-generate, subject-specific meshes could be utilized in the thoracic EIT community, potentially reducing geometric-based artifacts and improving the clinical utility of EIT.

Experimental and numerical data from stub-column, short beam-column and long beam-column tests on the local and global buckling behavior of RHS/SHS under N-M interaction.

The presented data is based on investigations carried out in the framework of the European RFCS (Research Fund for Coal and Steel) funded project HOLLOSSTAB (2016-2019). The campaign's overall goal is presented in more detail in [1] and [2]. The experiments were performed in the Structural Laboratory at the Bundeswehr University Munich to investigate the cross-section behavior of cold-formed square and rectangular hollow sections (SHS and RHS). Two grades of mild and high-strength steel (S355 and S500) and seven section sizes were examined. The profiles cover all four cross-section classes according to EN1993-1-1 [3]. Monotonic stub column, short beam, and long-beam column tests were performed to investigate the load-bearing capacity. The outputs were load-deformation curves for each specimen. The experimental tests were accomplished by digital image correlation (DIC) to obtain an overview of the full deformation field in the specimens. Recalculations with advanced FE-shell simulations, based on scanned specimen geometries (spatial 3D point clouds) and nonlinear material models obtained from tensile coupon tests, were modeled to reproduce the real behavior obtained during the tests.

Smartphone derived anthropometrics: Agreement between a commercially available smartphone application and its parent application intended for use at point-of-care.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Smartphone applications can now automate body composition and anthropometric measurements remotely, prompting applications intended for use at point-of-care to provide commercially available smartphone applications intended for personal use. However, the agreement between such anthropometrics remain unclear. METHODS: A total of 123 apparently healthy participants (F: 69; M: 54; age: 28.1 ± 11.3; BMI: 26.9 ± 5.9) completed consecutive body composition scans using a 3D smartphone application intended for personal use (MeThreeSixty; MTS) and it stationary counterpart intended for use in practice (Mobile Fit Booth; MFB). Agreement between devices were evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Bland-Altman analyses, and linear regression for all measurements, and additional equivalence testing was conducted for all circumference and limb length comparisons. RESULTS: When evaluated against the MFB, MTS significantly overestimated all measurements other than waist circumference (p = 0.670) using paired t-tests. RMSE was 2.5 % for body fat percentage (BF%), 0.64-3.74 cm for all body circumferences, 0.71-2.3 kg for all lean mass estimates, and 126-659 cm2 and 608-4672 cm3 across all body surface area and body volume estimates, respectively. BF% was the only body composition estimate that did not demonstrate proportional bias (p = 0.221). Circumferences of the chest, shoulder, biceps, forearm, and ankle all demonstrated proportional bias (all coefficients: p < 0.050), but only chest, shoulder, and arm circumferences did not demonstrate equivalence. Arm surface area (p < 0.001) and arm (p = 0.002) and leg volumes (p = 0.004) were the only body surface area and volume estimates to reveal proportional biases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the agreement between 3D anthropometric applications intended for clinical and personal use, particularly for whole-body composition estimates and clinically meaningful body circumferences. Given the advantages of commercially available remote applications, practitioners and consumers may consider using this method in place of those intended for clinical practice, but should express caution when overestimation is a concern.