A reflection on faces seen under mirror reversal.

Much of our visual experience of faces, including our own, is mediated by technology, for example when a digital photo depicts a mirror reversal of reality. How does this difference in visual experience affect judgments about appearance? Here, we asked participants to view their likeness in photographs that were reversed (as when viewed in a mirror) or not reversed (as when viewed directly). Observers also perceptually adapted (or not) to the reversed or non-reversed images in a 2 × 2 design. Observers then rated how much each photograph resembled them and how much they liked their appearance in the photograph, later repeating the procedure for images of close friends. We found that non-reversed images are perceived as more "unlike" one's self and less pleasant than reversed images; the pattern disappears when evaluating close friends, where the non-reversed image is the more familiar, with adaptation having asymmetric effects. Experiment 1A was fully replicated seven years later. These results are likely driven by a strong, albeit malleable, visual representation of self, born of technology mediated experience and activated when an unfamiliar perspective exposes facial asymmetries. We conclude by considering the downstream effects of these preferences on consumer and social behavior.

Comparison of Aesthetic Results of Mercedes-Y Versus Inverted-V Incision for Umbilical Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: The appearance and position of navel which are considered as a marker for overall abdominal aesthetics, are important for the final results of abdominal surgeries. However, reconstructing and improving its appearance have been a challenge in plastic surgery. HYPOTHESIS: In this study, we aimed to compare satisfaction of the patients and the plastic surgery professors with the aesthetic results of the two methods of umbilical reconstruction: Mercedes (Y) incision versus inverted-V incision. METHODS: This is a randomized clinical trial performed on umbilicoplasty patients following abdominoplasty, breast reconstruction, or abdominal flap surgery whom referred to our center. They were divided into two equal groups of twenty patients with Mercedes (Y) incision and patients with inverted-V incision. The results of surgery were compared three months after the surgery by the opinions of patients, plastic surgery professors, and unbiased observers. RESULTS: The average scores of patients, professors, and observers showed that Mercedes (Y) had significantly higher scores compared to inverted-V incision in terms of position, size, shape, natural appearance, and the overall satisfaction. Surgical complications including stenosis, necrosis, and wound dehiscence were not statistically different in our small sample size. CONCLUSION: In this study, Mercedes (Y) incision was preferred by all of the groups in all five parameters that were assessed including size, shape, position, natural appearance, and overall satisfaction. The simplicity of the Y incision with less visible scar makes it a suitable method for further investigations with a larger sample size. Level of Evidence I This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Low back pain in beauty salons professionals in the city of Fortaleza-CE.

Introduction: Low back pain can be defined as pain below the ribs and above the upper gluteal line. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze low back pain in professionals from beauty salons in the city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative-qualitative, transversal, non-probabilistic research in the snowball modality, conducted between June and August 2021 in the José Walter neighborhood. Two sociodemographic questionnaires and the Quebec Back Pain Disability scale were applied, which seeks to assess how pain affects the participants' daily lives. Results: Forty-two professionals were interviewed, of which 32 women (76.2%), with a mean age of 39.45 ± 10.99 years. Women were more likely to have an onset of low back pain and to live with pain for a longer time compared to men, in addition to these professionals having a significant overload for the hours worked. 52% of respondents showed significant clinical changes, mainly in relation to stand up for 20-30 minutes (16.7%), sit in a chair for several hours (14.3%), walk several kilometers (19%), carry two bags with groceries (14.3%) and lift and carry a heavy suitcase (28.6%). Conclusions: It was evidenced that low back pain may be related to personal or environmental factors, with a sedentary lifestyle, length of service and working hours as strong indications for the onset of low back pain, with impairment in daily tasks.

Introdução: A dor lombar pode ser definida como uma dor abaixo das costelas e acima da linha glútea superior. Objetivos: Analisar a dor lombar em profissionais de salões de beleza na cidade de Fortaleza, estado do Ceará. Métodos: Tratou-se de pesquisa descritiva, qualiquantitativa, transversal, não probabilística na modalidade bola de neve, realizada entre os meses de junho e agosto de 2021 no bairro José Walter. Foram aplicados dois questionários sociodemográficos e a escala de Quebec Back Pain Disability, que busca avaliar como a dor afeta a vida diária dos participantes. Resultados: Quarenta e dois profissionais foram entrevistados, sendo 32 mulheres (76,2%), com média de idade de 39,45±10,99 anos. O sexo feminino demonstrou ter maior predisposição para o aparecimento da dor lombar, convivendo com a dor por mais tempo em relação aos homens, além dessas profissionais apresentarem uma sobrecarga significativa para as horas trabalhadas. Dos entrevistados, 52% apresentaram mudanças clínicas significativas, principalmente em relação a ficar em pé por 20 a 30 minutos (16,7%), sentar-se em uma cadeira por várias horas (14,3%), caminhar vários quilômetros (19%), carregar duas sacolas de compras (14,3%) e levantar e carregar uma mala pesada (28,6%). Conclusões: Evidenciou-se que a dor lombar pode estar relacionada a fatores pessoais ou ambientais, sendo o sedentarismo, o tempo de profissão e as horas trabalhadas fortes indícios para o aparecimento da dor lombar, com comprometimento das tarefas diárias.

Advancing Periodontal Care: Development of a Novel Collagen-Chitosan-Bioglass Scaffold as a Substitute for Autologous Soft Tissue Grafts.

Introduction Modern dentistry prioritizes aesthetic outcomes, making root coverage for gingival recession a key focus. Various approaches, including autologous grafts, address this issue, yet no substitute matches the properties of autogenous connective tissue grafts. The innovative collagen-chitosan-bioglass scaffold presents a promising solution, surpassing the limitations of the traditional methods. This scaffold blends the advantages of collagen with chitosan's antibacterial and regenerative properties, enhanced by bioglass, which promotes tissue healing through angiogenesis. It was evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics, as well as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising solution for soft tissue management in dentistry. Materials and methods Chitosan, collagen, and bioglass were combined into a scaffold through the lyophilization process (freeze-drying). Chitosan was sourced from shrimp, collagen from bovine, and the bioglass 1% comprised 58% tetra-ethyl ortho silicate, 33% calcium silicate, and phosphorous pentoxide. After the scaffold was created, it was subjected to physicochemical characterization via scanning electron microscopic and infrared spectroscopic analysis. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and by measuring the scaffold's radical scavenging activity. Results This study employed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques to analyze the sample components and their morphology. The infrared (attenuated total reflection) analysis revealed various elements confirming the presence of all the biomaterials required to fabricate the scaffold. Scanning electron microscope imaging displayed a folded-like morphology with a porous structure. The protein denaturation inhibition increased from 25% at 50 µg of scaffold weight to 45% at 200 µg of scaffold weight. Similarly, the antioxidant activity increased, with values rising from 23% at 50µg to 35% at 200µg of scaffold weight. Conclusion The fabricated collagen-chitosan-bioglass scaffold demonstrates promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that this scaffold holds significant potential as a viable substitute for soft tissue augmentation.

[Dermatologic surgery during pregnancy and lactation]. / Dermatochirurgie in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit.

It may be necessary for patients to undergo (dermato-)surgical procedures during pregnancy or lactation. Often, there are no drug approvals or guidelines in this context. The following article describes the most common dermatologic surgical conditions during pregnancy and lactation, as well as the special therapeutic considerations and risks to be aware of during treatment. Dermatosurgical procedures are subject to strict indications. Most of these procedures can be performed during pregnancy, but the risks to the mother and fetus must be carefully weighed against the disadvantages of nonsurgical therapy. Although surgery can be performed safely in any trimester, the second trimester and immediate postpartum period are optimal. Surgery should not be delayed for melanoma or high-risk skin cancer. Perioperative positioning and choice of analgesics, antiseptics, anesthetics and antibiotics must be considered carefully to avoid risks to the patient, fetus and infant.

Plataforma cone morse, a melhor opção para a biomecânica e estética em próteses sobre implante: uma revisão de literatura / Conemorse platform, the best option for biomechanics and aesthetics in implant-supported prostheses: a literature review

A escolha da plataforma protética em implantodontia é fundamental para garantir o sucesso a longo prazo dos procedimentos. Todos os tipos de conexão protética apresentam vantagens e desvantagens, cabendo ao cirurgião-dentista optar pelo o que melhor se adepta ao seu caso. Uma revisão de literatura foi realizada, abrangendo estudos relevantes que compararam essas duas plataformas protéticas em termos de biomecânica e estética. Foram analisadas revisões de literatura e estudos in vitro, sob as palavras-chave "cone morse", "biomechanics", "abuptment". As pesquisas foram feitas nas bases de dados Scielo e PubMed, e os artigos escolhidos deveriam abordar a estabilidade das conexões, a preservação óssea e a estética peri-implantar. Os resultados da revisão demonstram que a plataforma Cone Morse oferece uma interface mais estável, reduz o afrouxamento de parafusos e minimiza a infiltração bacteriana. Com isso, o Cone Morse contribui para a preservação das estruturas ósseas e gengivais ao redor do implante, tornando-se uma escolha valiosa, especialmente em procedimentos de reabilitação estética.

A choice of the prosthetic platform in implant dentistry is fundamental to ensure long-term success of procedures. All types of prosthetic connections have their advantages and disadvantages, and it's up to the dentist to choose what best suits their case. A literature review was conducted, encompassing relevant studies comparing these two prosthetic platforms in terms of biomechanics and aesthetics. Literature reviews and in vitro studies were analyzed using keywords such as "Cone Morse," "biomechanics," and "abutment." The research was conducted on Scielo and PubMed databases, and the selected articles should address connection stability, bone preservation, and peri-implant aesthetics. The review results demonstrate that the Cone Morse platform offers a more stable interface, reduces screw loosening, and minimizes bacterial infiltration. As a result, Cone Morse contributes to the preservation of bone and gingival structures around the implant, making it a valuable choice, especially in aesthetic rehabilitation procedures.

Aesthetic processing in neurodiverse populations.

Neurodiversity is a perspective on cognition which suggests a non-pathological view of individual cognitive differences. Aesthetics research on neurodivergent brains has generally been limited to neuropsychological cases. Although this research has been integral to establishing the neurological correlates of aesthetic experience, it is crucial to expand this paradigm to more psychologically complex disorders. We offer a review of research on aesthetic preference in neurodivergent brains beyond neuropsychological cases: across populations with psychotic disorder, anhedonia and depression, anxiety disorder, and autism. We identify stable patterns of aesthetic bias in these populations, relate these biases to symptoms at perceptual, emotional, and evaluative levels of cognition, review relevant neurological correlates, and connect this evidence to current neuroaesthetics theory. Critically, we synthesize the reviewed evidence and discuss its relevance for three brain networks regularly implicated in aesthetic processing: the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit, frontolimbic connections, and the default mode network. Finally, we propose that broadening the subject populations for neuroaesthetics research to include neurodiverse populations is instrumental for yielding new insights into aesthetic processing in the brain.

Anatomical Guidelines and Technical Tips for Neck Aesthetics with Botulinum Toxin.

Botulinum toxin can be used for various purposes to enhance neck aesthetics, addressing concerns such as platysmal bands, optimizing the cervicomental angle, preventing worsening of horizontal neckline and decolletage lines during aging, submandibular gland hypertrophy, and hypertrophied superior trapezius muscle. Understanding the anatomy of muscles such as the trapezius, platysma, and submandibular gland is crucial for achieving desirable outcomes with botulinum toxin administration. Techniques for injecting botulinum toxin into these muscles are discussed, emphasizing safety and efficacy. Specific injection points and methods are detailed for treating platysmal bands, optimizing the cervicomental angle, addressing submandibular gland hypertrophy, and managing hypertrophied superior trapezius muscle. Careful consideration of anatomical landmarks and potential complications is essential for successful botulinum toxin injections in these areas.

Evaluating the Impact of Myofunctional Therapy on Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes.

Background: Myofunctional therapy has gained attention as a potential adjunct to orthodontic treatment, focusing on improving orofacial muscle function and balance. Despite its increasing popularity, the precise impact of myofunctional therapy on orthodontic treatment outcomes remains to be fully elucidated. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 80 orthodontic patients aged 8-18 years, divided into two groups: Group A received orthodontic treatment alone, while Group B received orthodontic treatment combined with myofunctional therapy. Orthodontic treatment outcomes were assessed based on occlusal stability, facial aesthetics (evaluated through standardized photographs), and patient-reported satisfaction scores. Posttreatment stability of occlusion was assessed using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, with lower scores indicating better occlusal outcomes. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in orthodontic treatment outcomes among patients who received myofunctional therapy in addition to orthodontic treatment. Group B demonstrated a mean decrease of 25% in PAR index scores compared to Group A, indicating superior occlusal stability posttreatment. Facial aesthetics were also notably enhanced in Group B, with a higher percentage of patients achieving harmonious facial profiles than Group A. Additionally, patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in Group B, with 85% of patients reporting high satisfaction levels, compared to 60% in Group A. Conclusion: Myofunctional therapy as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment has a positive impact on treatment outcomes, including improved occlusal stability, enhanced facial aesthetics, and increased patient satisfaction.

Efficacy and Safety of Poly-l-Lactic Acid in Facial Aesthetics: A Systematic Review.

The primary objective of this systematic review study was to investigate the effectiveness, durability, and adverse events of PLLA treatment for aesthetic indications. The search strategy was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid). The electronic literature search of five databases was performed, from the inception of the databases until the 12th of February 2024. This was to identify randomized clinical trials that assessed PLLA treatment in adult individuals exhibiting facial aging and/or facial lipoatrophy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Eleven RCTs out of 1467 identified citations were included. Four studies showed increased dermal thickness, significant improvement in facial lipoatrophy severity and aesthetic clinical scores, after PLLA treatment with its effects sustained for at least 25 months. Two studies demonstrated the superiority of PLLA over injectable human collagen. Also, three studies showed positive results favoring PLLA when compared with PH gel in lipoatrophy severity, transepidermal water loss, skin quality, elasticity, and patient satisfaction. All adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity, and the main ones worth noting were bruising, hematoma, tenderness, nodules, and edema. Five out of eleven studies were considered having high risk of bias. The evidence on the effectiveness and safety of PLLA for facial rejuvenation is of low quality; thus, the reported high effectiveness, safety, and long-lasting effects for this purpose should be further investigated.

Unveiling Gender Disparity: A Closer Look at Speaker Representation at International Aesthetic Medicine Conferences.

Introduction: Despite some recent progress, gender disparity is a well-documented and persistent problem at medical professional conferences, with women being consistently underrepresented.1 This study examines the representation of speakers at international aesthetic medicine conferences, an area previously unexplored in the literature. Methodology: An analysis of speaker composition was conducted of three international aesthetic medicine conferences over the past three years: the Aesthetics & Anti-Aging Medicine World Congress (AMWC), the International Master Course on Aging Science (IMCAS) World Congress, and the Facial Aesthetic Conference and Exhibition (FACE). Results: Of the 5,993 clinical lectures amongst 189 sessions over three years, 66.34 percent were given by male speakers and 33.66 percent by female speakers. The gender disparity remained consistent over the three-year period reviewed, with no upward trend. Symposiums with all-male panels consisted of 26.4 percent of the total sessions. Conclusion: The study highlights an ongoing gender imbalance at international aesthetic medicine conferences. These disparities have broad and significant implications in terms of inequalities in employment and earnings as well as the perpetuated societal inequalities faced by women. The aesthetic medicine community should therefore consider it a priority to acknowledge and address this issue by supporting improved representation of women at key events and congresses amongst other initiatives to drive positive change.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Fabricated Laminate Veneers in Aesthetic Rehabilitation: A Case Report.

Porcelain laminate veneers are a popular cosmetic dentistry treatment for correcting discoloured, worn, misaligned, gapped, chipped, or crooked teeth. The restorative material utilized in the indirect method can be processed using CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) technology or conventional technique, which is highly sensitive. Due to its multiple benefits, digital technology is growing quickly and has opened up a lot of new opportunities for dental practitioners. These days, CAD/CAM is a helpful technique that enables the creation of monolithic restorations for ceramic materials, which is most recently utilized in the field of ceramic veneers as well as digital impression capturing and digital designing as part of treatment planning. This case study details the methodical process of creating laminate veneers for a patient who wants to enhance the look of their anterior teeth utilizing both traditional and CAD/CAM technology.

A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Gingival Color Patterns in the South Indian Population.

BACKGROUND: Gingival aesthetics or pink aesthetics requires a prosthodontic approach to ensure an appealing smile with an optimal muco-gingival appearance by the use of colored materials with gingival shades to match adjacent soft tissues. However, the selection of this adhesive gingival-colored material becomes complex owing to the wide range of gingival color guides and shade tabs currently available on the market. AIM: The study aims to assess the variation in gingival color between two specific regions on the anterior gingival surface through the use of a digital color assessment method. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate the potential requirements for an innovative soft tissue dual shade guide system. METHODOLOGY: Fifteen participants were examined with an external light source set up in a 45-degree optical configuration. The Frontal view intraoral photographs were taken with a digital Canon 70D camera using a cheek retractor. The photo was white balanced using the color sorter tool in the software (Adobe Photoshop CS6®), and the second quadrant was cropped, two regions were selected (free gingival margin and marginal gingiva) and used for all samples for standardization. The color data were represented in terms of L*, a*, and b* coordinate axes values following the CIELAB color system. The recorded color coordinates were then examined using SPSS software, version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of the coordinate axes were as follows: for L1, 52.33 ± 12.92; for a1, 30.06 ± 4.81; for b1, 18.00 ± 3.89; for L2, 44.53 ± 11.01; for a2, 36.13 ± 7.92; and for b2, 18.26 ± 6.70. Statistically significant differences were found between the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates with a color difference (ΔE) beyond the clinical acceptance (ΔE > 3.7) threshold of ΔE = 4.88, mainly for a* values. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, significant color differences were observed between the selected regions. The a* coordinate was found to be statistically significant (+6.07), indicating a shift towards a lighter shade of redness (+a) in the color-opponent dimensions of redness-greenness within the CIELAB color space system.

Comparative 3D Analysis of Lip Rejuvenation: Investigating Effects Before and After Soft-Tissue Filler Compared with Controls.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lip metrics before and after facial rejuvenation treatment with hyaluronic acid-based fillers and to compare them with those of a control group using stereophotogrammetry (3D). METHODOLOGY: This study included 63 Caucasian women divided into Group C (<30 years, n=30) and Group H (>30 years, n=33), which was further divided into before (HT0) and after (HT1) lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA). Eleven anthropometric landmarks were identified for linear, angular, and surface area measurements. Three photos were captured in Group C, while Group H had photos taken at T0 and T1. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post hoc and pairwise comparison tests were performed to analyze differences between variables (P value < 0.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between lip width (ChR-ChL) and philtrum width (CphR-CphL) (P<.001). The total heights of the upper (Ls-Li) and lower vermilion lips (Sto-Li) increased, and the heights of the upper (Sn-Ls) and lower (Li-Sl) cutaneous lips decreased. The angles related to the philtrum (ChR-CphR-Ls, P<.001; ChL-CphL-Ls, P<.001) and nasolabial angle (Prn-Sn-Ls) (P<.001) exhibited significant differences. The surface areas of the upper, lower, and total vermilion lip showed significant differences (P<.001). Tukey's test indicated no significant differences in surface area after lip augmentation between the HT1 and C groups. CONCLUSION: Analysis of lip morphology after a filler procedure revealed a reversal of age-related changes, with increases in vermilion lip height and surface area comparable to those of younger individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .

Tailoring biomaterials for skin anti-aging.

Skin aging is the phenomenon of degenerative changes in the structure and function of skin tissues over time and is manifested by a gradual loss of skin elasticity and firmness, an increased number of wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. Skin anti-aging refers to a reduction in the skin aging phenomenon through medical cosmetic technologies. In recent years, new biomaterials have been continuously developed for improving the appearance of the skin through mechanical tissue filling, regulating collagen synthesis and degradation, inhibiting pigmentation, and repairing the skin barrier. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with skin aging, describes the biomaterials that are commonly used in medical aesthetics and their possible modes of action, and discusses the application strategies of biomaterials in this area. Moreover, the synergistic effects of such biomaterials and other active ingredients, such as stem cells, exosomes, growth factors, and antioxidants, on tissue regeneration and anti-aging are evaluated. Finally, the possible challenges and development prospects of biomaterials in the field of anti-aging are discussed, and novel ideas for future innovations in this area are summarized.

Comparative Trial Evaluating a High- Versus Low-Integration Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Contouring the Jawline.

BACKGROUND: Contour deficits of the jawline are an area of concern for many aesthetic patients. While the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) for jawline enhancement has been described previously, comparative investigations of HA fillers manufactured with different technologies are limited. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Restylane Lyft (HA-L) and Restylane Defyne (HA-D) for contouring of the jawline. METHODS: This prospective clinical trial enrolled forty (40) participants. Twenty (20) participants with thin skin were treated with HA-D, and twenty (20) participants with thick skin were treated with HA-L. Visits occurred at Screening/Baseline (treatment), Week 2 (touch-up), and Months 1, 3, and 6. At each visit, a blinded evaluator rated 3-dimensional participant imagery according to the Jawline Volume Loss Scale and participants completed the Jawline Subject Satisfaction Scale. Frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events was collected via participant diaries, and product integration characteristics were evaluated via ultrasound. RESULTS: Chi-square tests of independence revealed statistically significant improvements in severities of jawline volume loss, which were maximal at Month 1 (100%) and maintained until Month 6 (82.05%). At Month 1, 92.10% of participants reported being satisfied with overall treatment effects. Adverse events were expected per the product monographs and did not vary per group. On ultrasound, HA-L displayed targeted product integration and HA-D displayed diffuse product integration. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the use of HA-L and HA-D for the contouring of the jawline with each product capable of providing distinct advantages depending on patient attributes (e.g., skin thickness, underlying bone structure, desired outcomes). LEVEL III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Maxillary advancement surgery with vertical component: Impact on the nasolabial aesthetics.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in nasolabial soft tissues following Le Fort I osteotomies, focusing on the impact of maxillary vertical repositioning. This retrospective study included 39 patients with a history of Le Fort 1 osteotomy between 2013 and 2021. Patients were grouped based on their maxillary movement into three categories: pure advancement (group A), advancement with impaction (group B), and advancement with downward repositioning (group C). Preoperative and postoperative CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) data were analyzed to measure the changes in nasolabial soft tissues. The current study utilized Mimics Suite 20.0 for measuring linear and angular variables. The evaluated variables included intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, tip protrusion, mouth width, alar width, upper lip height, nostril dimensions, and angles of nasolabial, alar base, and upper lip. Among them intercanthal distance, nasal dorsal length, or tip protrusion showed no statistical difference (p > 0,05). Mouth width, alar width, alar base angle were increased and upper lip angle was decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Changes in upper lip height and nasolabial angle differed among the groups of the study. While upper lip height increased significantly in groups A and C (p < 0.05), there was a slight decrease in Group B with no significance (p > 0.05). Nasolabial angle decrased significantly on Groups A and B (p < 0.05). The results of this study revealed changes in several soft tissue parameters, some of which occurred regardless of vertical repositioning of the maxilla. Within the limitations of the study, maxillary advancement surgery can affect the aesthetics of the nasolabial region and cause specific changes in related soft tissues. Understanding these changes is essential to establish realistic patient expectations and achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

[The benefits of socio-aesthetics in psychiatry: three experiments with adolescents]. / Intérêt de la socio-esthétique en psychiatrie : trois expériences menées auprès d'adolescents.

Adolescents and young adults admitted to the Espace unit at Nantes University Hospital are offered beauty treatments. Although their situations are diverse, they consistently show a decline in self-esteem. These young patients benefit from individual hand and facial treatments, make-up sessions and group workshops.

Can deep learning-designed anterior tooth-borne crown fulfill morphologic, aesthetic, and functional criteria in clinical practice?

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the design outcomes of anterior crowns generated using deep learning (DL)-based software with those fabricated by a technician using conventional dental computer-assisted design (CAD) software without DL support, with a focus on the evaluation of crown morphology, function, and aesthetics. METHODS: Twenty-five in vivo datasets comprising maxillary and mandibular arch scans of prepared maxillary central incisors were utilized to design anterior crowns by using three methods: 1) a DL-based method resulting in as-generated outcome (DB), 2) a DL-based method further optimized by a technician (DM), and 3) a conventional CAD-based method (NC, control). Evaluations were conducted for crown morphology (total discrepancy volume (TDV), root mean square (RMS), positive average (PA) and negative average (NA) deviations), functional aspects (incisal path: deviations, length, and mean inclination), and aesthetics (crown width, height, width-to-height ratio, angular radius of mesioincisal line angle, proximal contact length, and tooth axis angle). RESULTS: Significant differences in TDV ratio were noted between the DB-NC (32.3 ± 8.5 %) and DM-NC (26.5 ± 5.4 %) pairs (P = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in TDV between the DB-NC (65.3 ± 24.4 mm3) and DM-NC (54.3 ± 21.0 mm3) pairs (P = 0.095). For the entire palatal surface, significant differences in RMS and PA values were observed between the DB-NC and DM-NC pairs (P < 0.037). Significant differences in RMS values for the incisal half (P = 0.021) and in PA values for the cervical half (P = 0.047) of the palatal surface were also noted between these pairs. Significant differences in the deviation of the incisal path were observed between the DB-NC (290.4 ± 212.4 µm) and DM-NC (132.0 ± 122.3 µm) pairs (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found among the groups (DB, DM, and NC) in terms of the length and mean inclination of incisal paths or in aesthetic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: A DL-based method can result in promising outcomes with clinically acceptable morphology and aesthetics for anterior crowns. Minor deviations in incisal path of the crowns may lead to anterior guidance discrepancies, which can be corrected by the dental technician at the design stage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: With the potential of DL-based design methods in dental applications, integrating AI technology into dental CAD workflow can enhance the clinical efficiency and consistency of anterior crown design, although human intervention may be required to refine functional aspect.

Craniofacial features and incisor position design of esthetics population after orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to provide craniofacial features and incisor position prediction models among esthetics population after orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A total of 338 patients with esthetic profiles were selected from 1 055 post-orthodontic adults based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and scored by five dental students. Mean values of cephalometric measurement were demonstrated with gender and sagittal skeletal pattern (ANB) differences assessed by generalized estimating equation. Correlations among age, skeletal, and soft tissue variables in different genders were determined. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the influence of skeletal and soft tissue variables on orthodontic incisor position. RESULTS: Within the esthetic cohort after orthodontic treatment, gender differences existed in cranial and mandibular length, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion, inclination of maxillary incisors, upper lip thickness, lower 1/3 face height, and nose protrusion. However, in class Ⅰ malocclusion, the development of the chin showed no significance, whereas the protrusion of the lower lip significantly differed between genders, with less protrusion in males. In males, the protrusion of lip and chin varied among groups, with thinner basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅱ than class Ⅰ and greater lower lip height of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. In females, the protrusion and height of the upper lip and chin varied in groups, with thicker basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. Upper lip thickness, female basic upper lip thickness, and female lower lip height were correlated with age. The protrusion of the upper lip was mainly correlated with posterior cranial base, mandibular body length, ANB in male and SNA, ANB, sagittal maxillary length, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in female. The protrusion of the lower lip in males was mainly correlated with ramus height, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion in male and ANB, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in females. After employing skeletal variables to fit dental parameters, optimal results were achieved in male IMPA (adjusted R2=0.712) and female G Vert-U1 (adjusted R2=0.795). After employing skeletal and soft tissue variables simultaneously, optimal results were achieved in male and female G Vert-U1, which was mainly influenced by the protrusion of the chin and nasal base in males (adjusted R2=0.836) and the protrusion of the nasal base as well as ANB in females (adjusted R2=0.842). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the craniofacial features of esthetics population after orthodontic treatment and revealed the correlation of gender, age, skeleton, and soft tissues to provide reliable prediction models for aesthetic orthodontic incisor position.