RESUMO
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human mortality and disability worldwide, primarily due to myocardial infarction (MI) and the resultant heart failure. To address this, animal models of MI have been developed to better understand the pathophysiological process and to enable the discovery and development of new therapies. The most commonly used small and large mammal models of MI accurately reproduce histopathologically the four characteristic post-MI phases: cardiac cell death, inflammation, myocardial repair and remodelling. However, differences between the time of onset of each characteristic phase and the kinetics of various cellular reactions between human MI and animal models, and between animal models, require careful consideration when defining the variables to be analysed and the timepoints of assessment in experimental studies. Typically, the progression of the different phases post-MI occur more rapidly in rodent models compared with large-animal models and man, suggesting the use of large-animal models is more translational for studying human MI. This review provides an overview of the main anatomopathological features of small and large animal models of MI and discusses the key species-specific histopathological similarities and differences.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infarto do Miocárdio , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
The role of Escherichia coli in healthy microbiota of psittacine is controversial, and the presence of Salmonella sp. indicates possible disease. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in a psittacine pet that died in Fortaleza, Brazil, correlating pathogenicity aspects of the isolates through the evaluation of lesions and antimicrobial susceptibility. Psittacine pets sent to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies, State University of Ceará, that died in 2014 and 2015 were necropsied. Fragments of liver, kidneys, intestine, lung, heart, spleen and brain were collected for microbiological and histopathological analyses. Scores were attributed to lesions and isolated strains submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test. From the seventy necropsied birds, nineteen were positive for E. coli and one for Salmonella Typhimurium. Congestive lesions and lymphoplasmocitic inflammatory infiltrate were observed varying from light to moderate and were the main findings. In the analyzed strains, multidrug resistance against different groups of antibiotics was observed. In conclusion, according to the results, E. coli strains and the Salmonella Typhimurium isolate produced significant lesions in the psittacine pets, and multidrug resistance may hinder treatments with antibiotics used in avian pet medicine.(AU)
A participação de Escherichia coli na microbiota saudável de Psicittaciformes e a de Salmonella spp. já indica possível doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar a presença de E. coli e Salmonella spp. em psittaciformes de companhia na cidade de Fortaleza/Ceará, traçando os aspectos de patogenicidade destas cepas através das lesões e da sensibilidade antimicrobiana. Foram necropsiados os psittaciformes de companhia encaminhados ao Laboratório de Estudos Ornitológicos da Universidade Estadual do Ceará durante o período de 2014 a 2015. No momento da necropsia foram coletados fragmentos de fígado, rins, intestino, pulmão, coração, baço e encéfalo para posterior processamento microbiológico e histopatológico. As lesões foram graduadas e as cepas isoladas submetidas a antibiograma. Das setenta aves necropsiadas, dezenove foram positivas para E. coli e apenas uma para Salmonella Typhimurium. As lesões de congestão e infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário variaram de leve a moderado, e foram as principais lesões encontradas. Nas cepas analisadas foi constatada multiresistência a diferentes grupos de antibióticos testados. De acordo com os achados, pode-se concluir que os isolados de E. coli e Salmonella Typhimurium produziram lesões significativas em psittaciformes em Fortaleza, Brasil, e a multirresistência pode dificultar o tratamento com antibióticos usados na clínica de aves de companhia.(AU)