Comprehensive Analysis of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in Costa Rica: Implications for Public Health.

This commentary delves into the evolving landscape of cancer incidence and mortality in Costa Rica, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the data. Key findings reveal a concerning upward trajectory in cancer incidence rates, placing Costa Rica at the forefront within Central America. While prostate cancer and breast cancer dominate, disparities emerge when scrutinizing gender-specific trends. Notably, stomach and cervical cancers show declines, potentially attributed to targeted interventions. However, colorectal and liver cancers witness mortality increases, necessitating strategic responses. Geographical disparities persist across provinces, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare access. In conclusion, this commentary underscores the urgency of addressing the burgeoning cancer burden in Costa Rica, calling for evidence-based interventions and collaborative efforts on a global scale.

A Comprehensive Two-Decade Analysis of Lymphoma Incidence Patterns in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Lymphomas account for approximately 10% of all cancer cases among the Saudi population. Even when separated, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are in the top ten most commonly diagnosed cancers among Saudi men and women. Despite the substantial cost of HL and NHL to public health, the resources to assess their impact are insufficient. This study provides a two-decade detailed assessment of lymphoma incidence trends in the Saudi population. Methods: Analysis of the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) data for various incidence metrics from 2001 to 2020 was conducted. Joinpoint regression analysis was further performed to investigate temporal trends globally and by age group, gender, and administrative region. Results: HL cases grew by 174.1%, whereas NHL cases increased by only 80% for that time period. The HL overall Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASR) increased by 100% for both genders combined but remained unchanged for NHL. The median age at diagnosis for HL (20-30 years) and NHL (46-57 years) was lower than in many other nations. Our model identified increasing trends for HL with annual percentage changes (APCs) of 2.94% (CI: 2.2-3.7) and 3.67% (CI: 2.6-4.7) for males and females, respectively. The rise was mainly among young groups under 40. On the contrary, the NHL cohort revealed notable declining tendencies. We discovered alarming rates of HL in Saudi Arabia's APC (2.23% for males and 3.88% for females) and ASR compared to other Western countries. Overall, the majority of the patients presented with advanced-stage disease at a younger age and with slight male predominance. Conclusions: The overall incidence of lymphoma (especially HL) has been rising among Saudis. Implementation of secondary and tertiary prevention measures, as well as management of modifiable risk factors, is warranted.

Time Trends in Male Breast Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival in Austria (1983-2017).

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) comprises less than 1% of all breast cancer cases globally and remains understudied with persisting sex-specific survival disadvantages. We aim to contribute to better understanding of MBC with a comprehensive analysis of time-trends over several decades in Austria. Methods: We used Austrian National Cancer Registry data on 1648 cases of MBC cases diagnosed between 1983 and 2017 in Austria. Overall incidence, mortality, and survival rates, as well as age-, stage-, and period-specific incidence and survival rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression was performed to assess trends. Results: MBC incidence rates increased throughout the whole observation period (1983-2017) with an annual percent change (APC) of 1.44% (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.77 to 2.11). During the same period, morality rates were stable (APC: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.53 to 0.60). Ten-year survival rates showed three phases of decreasing increases with an average APC of 2.45%, 1983-2009 (95% CI: 2.1 to 2.74). Five-year survival rates improved until 2000 (APC: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.30) and remained stable thereafter (APC: 0.10, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.80). Stage-specific analyses showed a single trend of stable incidence rates of distant disease MBC (APC: -0.03, 95% CI: -1.67 to 1.65). Further, we observed increases in localised, regional, and unknown stage cancer incidence and increases in incidence rates across all age groups over the whole observation period. However, the estimates on these subgroup-specific trends (according to age- and stage) show wider 95% CIs and lower bounds closer to zero or negative in comparison to our findings on overall incidence, mortality, and survival. Conclusion: Despite improvements in survival rates, MBC mortality rates remained largely stable between 1983 and 2017 in Austria, possibly resulting from a balance between increasing overall incidence and stable incidence rates of distant disease MBC.

Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Patterns in Saudi Arabia.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the commonest cancer in Saudi males and the third most common in Saudi females. Although CRC represents a major public health challenge, the resources to evaluate its burden are inadequate. This study aims to elucidate the magnitude of CRC incidence trends in the Saudi population by age, gender, and administrative region. Data for multiple incidence measures were analyzed from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) retrospectively from 2001 to 2018. Temporal trends were further analyzed by age group, gender, administrative region, and globally using joinpoint regression analysis. The number of CRC cases climbed by 335.6% and the disease increased by 56.4% to comprise 12.2% of all cancers cases. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased by 152% overall, and the median age at diagnosis peaked at 60 and 58 years for males and females, respectively. Riyadh and the Eastern Region had the highest ASR for both genders, peaking at 21.8 and 19.2 for males and 17.4 and 16.5 for females per 100 K population. Our prediction model identified growing trends with annual percentage changes (APCs) of 4.59% in males (CI: 3.1-6.1) and 3.91% among females (CI: 2.4-5.5). Males above 75 years had the highest APC (7.9%, CI: 5.3-10.7), whereas the highest APC among females was found in the age group 70-74 (5.4%, CI: 2.8-8). Globally, APC was the highest for both genders compared to selected countries. CRC incidence is increasing alarmingly in Saudi Arabia and is projected to continue. There is a need for better screening strategies, preventative measures, and awareness-building.

Cancer trends and risk factors in China over the past 30 years (1990-2019).

Objective: We retrospectively studied cancer mortality and incidence in China from 1990 to 2019, investigated the cancer trends and risk factors, and analyzed the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on cancer mortality and incidence. Methods: Data was obtained in "Our world in data" in October 2022 to explore mortality rates of different cancers and their trends and the roles of cancer risk factors, including GDP, air pollution, etc. Results: Over the past 30 years, cancer had been China's second leading cause of death. Tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancers, with an annual growth rate of 6.5%, were the most frequently diagnosed cancers. The burden of different cancers changed as the mortality rate of cancer changed. The age-standardized cancer mortality rate had decreased by 19.0%; cancer deaths in all age groups had increased. While the number of cancer deaths in the elderly aged ≥70 did not increase distinctively, its percentage increased by 52.1% and 1.7% annually. The percentage of patients with new-onset cancer increased by 240% and 8.6% annually. For every USD 1,000 increase in GDP, cancer deaths decreased by 2.3/100,000. Tobacco, meat, and alcohol consumption and BMI had increased and were not conducive to the future control of cancer. Conclusions: We summarized the incidence and mortality of major cancers and their trends in China over the past 30 years and analyzed the effects of GDP and the roles of cancer risk factors. Overall GDP growth and effective control of air pollution reduced cancer mortality, while population aging, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI increasing, and meat consumption brought challenges for cancer control.

Cancer morbidity and mortality trends in Trinidad and Tobago (2008-2018).

PURPOSE: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the Caribbean, and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is no exception. Evidence suggests that cancer incidence and mortality may vary based on demographic factors across the different cancer types. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality trends associated with cancer cases in Trinidad and Tobago for the period 2008-2018, across different age groups, gender, and ethnicity. METHODS: Data on 15,029 incident cancer cases were reported to the Dr. Elizabeth Quamina Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2018. The retrospective data were analyzed by sex, ancestry, and age, and were reported using Trinidad and Tobago population statistics for the period 2008-2018. RESULTS: The incidence of prostate and breast cancers was high among males and females, respectively. Among males, the highest cancer mortality was associated with prostate, lung, colon, blood, and pancreatic cancers, respectively. Among females, the highest cancer mortality was associated with breast, ovary, colon, blood, and pancreatic cancers. The frequency of occurrence of the top five cancer sites was the highest among Afro-Trinidadians followed by Indo-Trinidadians. Most females diagnosed with breast cancer were at a localized stage, while most males diagnosed with breast cancer were at a distant or regional stage. Most individuals diagnosed with blood cancer were at a distant stage. For lung and colon cancer, the stage of diagnosis for most males and females was either distant or unknown. Majority of males are diagnosed with prostate cancer at an unknown stage. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate highest cancer incidence and mortality occur among Afro-Trinidadians. The stage at diagnosis varies across cancer types and gender.

Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States From 2004-2018: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Based Study.

The incidence and mortality data for patients with breast cancer in the United States are important to healthcare administrators for planning healthcare measures such as screening mammograms. In this study, we examined breast cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality in the United States from 2004-2018 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We reviewed 915,417 cases of breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. Overall, the data showed an increased incidence rate of breast cancer among all races and a decreased mortality rate among all races. Breast cancer incidence rates increased by 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1, 0.4, p<0.001) per year over the study period. Breast cancer incidence rates increased for all age, race, and stage groups except for stage regional, which showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of -0.9% (95% CI, -1.1, -0.7, p<0.001). The highest decrease in mortality was observed among white patients, with an overall statistically significant decrease in rates by -14.3% (95% CI, -18.1, -10.4, p <0.001). The highest decrease in rates was observed between 2016 and 2018: -48.6 (95% CI, -52.6, -44.3, p <0.001). In black/African American patients, the overall incidence-based mortality decreased by -11.6% (95% CI -15.9, -7.1 p <.001), with the highest decrease in rates observed between 2016 and 2018 with a decrease of -51.3% (95% CI -56.6, -45.3, p <0.001). In Hispanic Americans, the overall incidence-based mortality decreased by -12.3% (95% CI -16.9, -7.4, p <.001), which is lower than in white Americans.

Pancreatic Cancer Incidence Trends by Race, Ethnicity, Age and Sex in the United States: A Population-Based Study, 2000-2018.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence is increasing at a greater rate in young women compared to young men. We performed a race- and ethnicity-specific evaluation of incidence trends in subgroups stratified by age and sex to investigate the association of race and ethnicity with these trends. METHODS: Age-adjusted PC incidence rates (IR) from the years 2000 to 2018 were obtained from the SEER 21 database. Non-Hispanic White (White), Non-Hispanic Black (Black) and Hispanic patients were included. Age categories included older (ages ≥ 55) and younger (ages < 55) adults. Time-trends were described as annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). RESULTS: Younger White [AAPC difference = 0.73, p = 0.01)], Black [AAPC difference = 1.96, p = 0.01)] and Hispanic [AAPC difference = 1.55, p = 0.011)] women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to their counterpart men. Younger Hispanic women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to younger Black women [AAPC difference = -1.28, p = 0.028)] and younger White women [AAPC difference = -1.35, p = 0.011)]. CONCLUSION: Younger women of all races and ethnicities experienced a greater rate of increase in PC IR compared to their counterpart men; however, younger Hispanic and Black women experienced a disproportionately greater increase. Hispanic women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to younger Black and White women.

Population-based temporal trends and ethnic disparity in breast cancer mortality in South Africa (1999-2018): Joinpoint and age-period-cohort regression analyses.

Globally, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 15.5% of female cancer deaths in 2020. Breast cancer is also the leading cause of female cancers in South Africa. The rapid epidemiological transition in South Africa may have an impact on the trends in breast cancer mortality in the country. We therefore evaluated the trends in the breast cancer mortality in SA over 20 years (1999-2020). Methods: Joinpoint regression analyses of the trends in crude and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of breast cancer among South African women were conducted from 1999 to 2018 using mortality data from Statistics South Africa. Age-period-cohort regression analysis was then conducted to evaluate the independent effect of age, period, and cohort on breast cancer mortality, and analysis was stratified by ethnicity. Results: The mortality rate of breast cancer (from 9.82 to 13.27 per 100,000 women) increased at around 1.4% per annum (Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 1.4%, 95% CI:0.8-2.0, P-value< 0.001). Young women aged 30-49 years (1.1%-1.8%, P-value< 0.001) had increased breast cancer mortality. The risk of breast cancer mortality increased among successive birth cohorts from 1924 to 1928 but decreased among recent cohorts born from 1989 to 1993. In 2018, the breast cancer mortality rate among Blacks (9.49/100,000 women) was around half of the rates among the non-Blacks. (Coloreds: 18.11 per 100,000 women; Whites: 17.77/100,000 women; Indian/Asian: 13.24 per 100,000 women). Conclusions: Contrary to the trends in high- and middle-income countries, breast cancer mortality increased in South Africa especially among young women. Breast cancer prevention programs should be intensified and should also target young women. The marked disparity in ethnic burden of breast cancer should be considered during planning and implementation of interventions.

[Prostate cancer screening with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) to men over 70 years old in an urban health zone, 2018-2020: A cross-sectional study]. / Uso del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) para el cribado de cáncer de próstata en la población de 70 años o más de una zona de salud urbana, 2018-2020. Un estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology and estimate the cost of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old in an urban health zone. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. We obtained every PSA test made in the health zone from 2018 to 2020, and classified them retrospectively as screening (PSAc) or not according to pre-established criteria, reviewing electronic health records. Testing rates were calculated by centres and clinical specialities. The standard population was provided by the city register of inhabitants (VM70). Cost estimation was made using our health system's price list. RESULTS: Two thousand and thirty six PSA, of 888 men ≥ 70 years old were obtained, and 350 met screening classification criteria. Six adenocarcinomas were diagnosed from those tests. We estimated 76.07 PSAc/1000 VM70-year from any centre, 1.45 tests for each screened individual, and 15.71% prevalence. The standard population was 1534 men (mean 2018-2020, SD 45.37). Patients who were screened (median age 75, SD 4.04) were younger than those not screened. We estimated a total screening test cost of 9,751 €. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology and cost of PSA screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old are reported, both in primary health care and in the hospital. PSA screening tests are common practice amongst professionals attending elderly men in our health zone, mostly in primary care. The screening testing rate of men without prostate cancer is similar to that reported in the literature.

Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999-2018): A Join Point and Age-Period-Cohort Regression Analyses.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The current impact of national cervical cancer control and sexual and reproductive health interventions in South Africa reduce its burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in cervical cancer mortality and its relation to breast and gynaecological cancers in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. We conducted joinpoint regression analyses of the trends in crude and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) for cervical cancer mortality in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. An age−period−cohort regression analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of age, period, and cohort on cervical cancer mortality trends. Analyses were stratified by ethnicity. Cervical cancer (n = 59,190, 43.92%, 95% CI: 43.65−44.18%) was responsible for about 43.9% of breast and gynecological cancer deaths. The mortality rate of cervical cancer (from 11.7 to 14.08 per 100,000) increased at about 0.9% per annum (Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 0.9% (AAPC: 0.9%, p-value < 0.001)), and young women aged 25 to 49 years (AAPC: 1.2−3.5%, p-value < 0.001) had increased rates. The risk of cervical cancer mortality increased among successive birth cohorts. In 2018, cervical cancer mortality rate among Blacks (16.74 per 100,000 women) was about twice the rates among Coloureds (8.53 deaths per 100,000 women) and approximately four-fold among Indians/Asians (4.16 deaths per 100,000 women), and Whites (3.06 deaths per 100,000 women). Cervical cancer control efforts should be enhanced in South Africa and targeted at ethnic difference, age, period, and cohort effects.

Breast Cancer Incidence Patterns in the Saudi Female Population: A 17-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women globally and in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess breast cancer incidence patterns and trends among the Saudi female population. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer incidence parameters were obtained from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR). The data were retrospectively analyzed for the period from 2001 to 2017 to investigate changes in incidence rates. Temporal trends were also analyzed through joinpoint regression analysis and were dissected by age groups and administrative regions. Results: During the specified period, breast cancer jumped by 55% to constitute 30.9% of all cancer cases among Saudi females. The median age at diagnosis increased to reach 51 years at the end of that period, with an overall increase of 6.3%. The overall Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASR) escalated by 151.7% from 11.8/100,000 to 29.7/100,000 population for that period. The Eastern region noticeably had the highest ASR and peaked at 52.2/100,000 population. The joinpoint analysis of the ASR showed increased trends, with an annual percent change (APC) of 5.13% (p < 0.05, [95% CI 4−6.3]). An age-specific analysis was also performed and showed that the age group 70−74 years had the highest trend (APC 10.2%, [95% CI 7.2−13.4], p < 0.05). Region-specific analysis revealed that the Jouf region had the highest trend among the regions (APC 8.8%, [95% CI 3.7−14.2], p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our analysis indicates increased breast cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia with an alarming pace. With the existing trend, it is expected that Saudi Arabia will continue to display an increase in breast cancer incidence. Long-term preventive measures and more effective screening strategies are warranted to alleviate the burden of the disease.

Distribution and trends of cancer in Buffalo City, Eastern Cape Province, 1991-2009: a retrospective study.

Despite interventions, cancer remains a global public health concern. Cancer burden continues to grow globally, demanding the implementation of important preventative and control initiatives. Informative reports on existing routine cancer data are therefore required. This study describes the distribution and trends of cancer in Buffalo City (BFC) population, Eastern Cape (EC) Province for the period 1991-2009. Cancer patients were retrospectively surveyed in the database of Frere Hospital Oncology-Radiation Unit. Proportion by sex, race, geographical distribution in the province and top cancer sites were calculated. Direct method of standardisation was used to calculate Age Standardised Rates (ASR) for a subpopulation of patients residing at BFC; age-specific rates were applied to the reference population (World Standard Population). Trends in rates with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for two most common cancers in males and females over time adjusted for age and sex and interactions between time and race were assessed using Poisson Regression. A total of 19 737 patients´ records were analysed; 38.8% (7 656) males and 61.2% (12 081) females. Most patients were Black Africans (81.5%), followed by Whites (13.5%), Mixed Race (4.5%) and Asians (0.5%). A larger proportion (46.0%) of the patients were from Buffalo City, while the rest were distributed in other municipalities served by Frere Hospital. Top five cancers in males were lung [22.5%, ASR 21.0], prostate [14.7%, ASR 9.2], larynx [5.8%, ASR 5.0], mouth [4.4%, ASR 3.7] and tongue [3.8%, ASR 2.9 per 100 000] in females; cervix [20.9%, ASR 23.0], breast [23.6%, ASR 20.2], lung [3.4%, ASR 4.7], ovary [2.1%, ASR 3.0] and corpus uteri [3.4%, ASR 2.8]. Trends showed a decrease in lung and prostate cancers in males, while cervix and breast remained stable in females. White males were two times (95% CI: 1.87-2.49) more likely to have lung cancer and five times (95% CI: 3.90-6.21) more likely to have prostate cancer than Black Africans. White females were 0.43 (95% CI: 0.44-0.73) less likely to have cervical cancer and three times (95% CI: 2.45-3.14) more likely to have breast compared to Black Africans. In conclusion, the availability of routine cancer data at Frere Hospital contributes to strengthening of the national cancer notification regulation, as the results of this study suggest that the burden of cancer in the EC Province remains high.

The trends of cancer patients' perceptions on the causes and risk factors of cancer over time.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patients' perceptions on the causes and outcomes of cancer and the changes observed over a decade (2006-2016) at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with cancer and treated at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The patients were enrolled in 2 cohorts: cohort 1 from 2006-2008 and cohort 2 from 2016-2018. The trends of the perceptions related to the causes and outcomes of cancer were compared between the 2 cohorts. RESULTS: In total, 1416 patients were enrolled in the 2 cohorts: cohort 1 included 464 patients and cohort 2 included 952 patients. The patients in cohort 2 had a higher level of education, higher unemployment rate, and more solid tumors. There was a significant increase in the belief of the "evil eye" as a cause of cancer from 1.3-33.1% between cohort one and cohort 2. A higher proportion (23.5%) of cohort 2 reported scientific causes for cancer, compared to 13.6% in cohort 1 (p<0.0001). Younger age, male gender, having a job, and being in cohort 2 were significantly associated with providing a scientific answer in a multivariate analysis (modeling scientific cause). CONCLUSION: In this study, a frequent misperception related to the causes of cancer was revealed. To tackle this issue, a systematic approach towards education for patients and the public is required to minimize the potential detrimental effects on patient care and patient outcomes.

Breast cancer trends in women younger than 40 years in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: A recent Brazilian populational database analysis showed a concerning increase in breast cancer mortality rates among patients under 40 years. We aimed to evaluate the trends in the proportion of new breast cancer cases and deaths occurring in patients younger than 40 years over the last decade in Brazil. METHODS: We evaluated all consecutive breast cancer patients treated from 2009 to 2020 in a Brazilian tertiary cancer center. The proportions of new cases and deaths in patients younger than 40 years was compared between two time periods (2015-2020 versus 2009-2014) using Chi-squared test. Linear regression was used to evaluate the trends in the proportion of new cases and deaths in young patients over the years. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2020, a total of 12,569 breast cancer patients started treatment at our institution; 1441 were younger than 40 years. From 2009 to 2014, 9.9% (95% CI 9.2-10.7%) were patients younger than 40 years compared to 12.9% (95% CI 12.1-13.8%) from 2015 to 2020. Similarly, the proportion of deaths among breast cancer patients younger than 40 years increased during the period (2009-2014: 9.6%, 95% CI 7.8-11.6%; 2015-2020: 12.4%, 95% CI 10.9-14%). The linear regression model showed a trend for an increasing proportion of new breast cancer cases occurring in patients under 40 years (P = 0.005). Proportion increased from 7.9% (95% CI 6.2-9.8%) in 2009 to 21.8% (95% CI 19.1-24.8%) in 2020. The trend for the increase in the proportion of deaths in this young population was also observed in the linear regression model (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of new breast cancer cases and deaths among patients younger than 40 years has increased in a public Brazilian cancer center over the past decade. These results raise the concern for the need to reconsider primary and secondary prevention strategies for young women.

Impact of cancer awareness campaigns in Peru: a 5-year Google Trends analysis.

Background: The aim of this research was to characterise the interest on the most frequent cancers in Peru through Google Trends, its geographic and temporal relationship with massive awareness campaigns. Methods: A temporal trends analysis for the last 5 years was carried out, comparing the Relative Search Volume (RSV) with the dates of mass cancer awareness campaigns in Peru. Google Trends application was used to evaluate the interest in the topics: breast, prostate, cervical stomach and colorectal cancer between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020, expressed in RSV. The annual RSV for each neoplasm was compared, as well as its annual variation using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between the RSV and the estimated incidence for each province was measured using the Spearman test. Results: The topics with the highest RSV were breast (median: 20, range: 6-100) and prostate cancer (median: 28, range: 9-48). The topic 'breast cancer' showed a cyclical punctual increase in October, its awareness month. Searches for cervical, stomach and colorectal cancer were smaller and did not show peaks of interest. It was observed that the RSV was variable when compared with previous years (p < 0.05 for all the evaluated topics). Geographically, different provincial configurations of interest were observed according to neoplasia. When correlating the RSV with the incidence by province, a non-significant positive correlation (p > 0.05) was found for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer. Conclusions: This study suggests a positive temporal correlation between RSV and awareness cancer campaigns in Peru specially to breast cancer and, to a lesser extent, prostate cancer. Significant variations of interest were demonstrated for each neoplasm among the evaluated years. No significant correlation was found between the incidence rate and the average RSV among Peruvian provinces.

Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide but has patterns and trends which vary in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality and analyze its temporal trends for breast cancer prevention and control. METHODS: Breast cancer incidence and mortality data in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN online database. Continued data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends, the International Agency for Research on cancer mortality and China National Central Cancer Registry were used to analyze the time trends from 2000 to 2015 through Joinpoint regression, and annual average percent changes of breast cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Association between Human Development Index and breast cancer incidence and mortality were estimated by linear regression. RESULTS: There were approximately 2.3 million new breast cancer cases and 685,000 breast cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Its incidence and mortality varied among countries, with the age-standardized incidence ranging from the highest of 112.3 per 100,000 population in Belgium to the lowest of 35.8 per 100,000 population in Iran, and the age-standardized mortality from the highest of 41.0 per 100,000 population in Fiji to the lowest of 6.4 per 100,000 population in South Korea. The peak age of breast cancer in some Asian and African countries were over 10 years earlier than in European or American countries. As for the trends of breast cancer, the age-standardized incidence rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United States of America (USA) during 2000-2012. Meanwhile, the age-standardized mortality rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United Kingdom, the USA, and Australia during 2000 and 2015. CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of breast cancer is rising fast and varies greatly among countries. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased rapidly in China and South Korea but decreased in the USA. Increased health awareness, effective prevention strategies, and improved access to medical treatment are extremely important to curb the snowballing breast cancer burden, especially in the most affected countries.

Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Testicular Cancer in the United States over the Past Four Decades.

Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid-organ neoplasm among young men, with variable incidence across racial groups. Testicular cancer incidence has increased since the 1970s, most notably among white men. Such trends in testicular cancer remain poorly understood. We investigated age-adjusted incidence rates of testicular cancer from 1975 to 2015 using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data to further understand the nature of the temporal trends and potential drivers of disease. Across this time period, white men had the highest incidence and the largest increase in rate; however, we also note more recent increases in the incidence of testicular cancer across all racial groups being examined. PATIENT SUMMARY: We analyzed the rate of testicular cancer in the United States between 1975 and 2015. In that time, white patients had the highest rate and increase in rate of testicular cancer, but non-white patients also had increasing rates of disease.

National trends in the presentation of surgically resected appendiceal adenocarcinoma over a decade.

BACKGROUND: Rates of nonoperative management of acute appendicitis and appendiceal adenocarcinoma have increased over a decade, but the presentation and outcomes of appendiceal adenocarcinoma over this period is not well-characterized. METHODS: Patients with surgically resected Stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma were identified from the 2006 to 2015 National Cancer Data Base and classified into two cohorts, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, based on year of diagnosis. Three-year overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS: Of 4233 patients, 1369 (32.3%) and 2864 (67.7%) were diagnosed in 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, respectively. Following multivariable analysis, patients in 2011-2015 were more likely to be <40 years of age (6.4% vs. 4.7%, odds ratio [OR] 1.53, p .015), present with pT4 tumors (40.2% vs. 34.4%, OR 1.46, p .004), and undergo hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (4.4% vs. 2.4%, OR 1.97, p .001). Comparing patients diagnosed in 2011-2015 to 2006-2010, adjusted 3-year OS was no different among all patients (81.1% vs. 79%, p .778). CONCLUSIONS: There has been an increase in the proportion of patients with pT4 appendix tumors over time, primarily among older (≥60 years) patients. Even so, these shifts in presentation have not resulted in differences in survival outcomes.

Incidence, Survival, and Mortality Trends of Cancers Diagnosed in Adolescents and Young Adults (15-39 Years): A Population-Based Study in The Netherlands 1990-2016.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients, aged 15-39 years at primary cancer diagnosis, form a distinct, understudied, and underserved group in cancer care. This study aimed to assess long-term trends in incidence, survival, and mortality of AYA cancer patients within the Netherlands. Data on all malignant AYA tumours diagnosed between 1990-2016 (n = 95,228) were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. European age-standardised incidence and mortality rates with average annual percentage change (AAPC) statistics and five-year relative survival rates were calculated. The overall cancer incidence increased from 54.6 to 70.3 per 100,000 person-years (AAPC: +1.37%) between 1990-2016, and increased for both sexes individually and for most cancer types. Five-year relative survival overall improved from 73.7% in 1990-1999 to 86.4% in 2010-2016 and improved for both sexes and most cancer types. Survival remained poor (<60%) for rhabdomyosarcoma, lung, stomach, liver, bladder, and pancreatic carcinomas, among others. Mortality rates among male AYAs overall declined from 10.8 to 6.6 (AAPC: -1.64%) and from 14.4 to 10.1 per 100,000 person-years (AAPC: -1.81%) for female AYAs since 1990. Mortality rates remained unchanged for male AYAs aged 20-24 and 25-29 years. In conclusion, over the past three decades, there has been a considerable increase in cancer incidence among AYAs in the Netherlands. Meanwhile, the survival improved and the mortality overall declined. Survival at five-years now well exceeds above 80%, but did not do so for all cancer types.