Imperatorin from the aerial parts of Cleome viscosa L.: a characterization study and evaluation of the antibacterial activity.

Cleome viscosa L., a member of the family Cleomaceae, is a potential medicinal plant, known for several bioactive properties such as: anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, etc. Our study aimed to isolate a bioactive compound and assess its antibacterial activity. The crystal compound imperatorin was isolated and reported for the first time from the aerial parts of C. viscosa. The isolation was made using silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography. The structure of imperatorin was investigated through single-crystal XRD, unit cell molecules, FTIR, and ESI-MS spectral analysis. The results validated imperatorin's triclinic crystal structure and P2i/c distance group. The electronic structure was also calculated (4.28/6.21 D) along with the frontier molecular orbital, dipole moment, atomic charges, and electrostatic map of particles in gaseous stage and active site. Imperatorin showed highest activity at 40 µg/mL concentration against Gram + ve bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (3 ± 0.2 mm), Bacillus subtilis (3 ± 0.6 mm), and Gram -ve bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 ± 0.2 mm), Escherichia coli (5 ± 0.2 mm). The study highlights that the compound can be isolated in larger quantities as the plant is easily available across the tropics.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa and evaluation of their characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.

The current research is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (1mMCvAgNPs, 2mMCvAgNPs and 3mMCvAgNPs) using aqueous whole plant extract of Cleome viscosa and to evaluate their antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. CvAgNPs were characterized by Using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The formation of CvAgNPs was confirmed by the observation of band between 250 nm to 600 nm UV-vis spectrum. The crystalline structure of CvAgNPs with a face-centered cubic (FCC) was confirmed by XRD. The responsible phytochemicals for the reduction and capping material of CvAgNPs were observed with FT-IR. The SEM analysis confirmed the size and shapes of CvAgNPs. The CvAgNPs have shown the rich content of total phenolic and total flavonoid components. The CvAgNPs have shown significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also have shown significant strong antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 scavenging, Phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power). The inhibitory action of CvAgNPs on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than the inhibitory action of acarbose. To best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of AgNPs using C. viscosa whole plant aqueous extract. The synthesized CvAgNPs exhibited good antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Hence, to validate our results, the in vivo studies at the molecular level are needed to develop Cleome viscosa as an antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.

Effects of exogenous manganese on its plant growth, subcellular distribution, chemical forms, physiological and biochemical traits in Cleome viscosa L.

Cleome viscosa L. is a promising species for the phytoremediation of Mn-contaminanted soil. To reveal the adaptive mechanisms of species to Mn stress, plant growth, Mn subcellular distribution, Mn chemical forms, and plant physiological and biochemical traits were characterized in plants grown under different concentrations of Mn2+ (0, 1000, 5000, 10000, 15000 and 20000 µM). The results showed that C. viscosa plant biomass initially increased and then decreased with rising Mn treatment concentration. C. viscosa plants can accumulate high levels of Mn in roots and leaves, and both the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) exhibited values higher than one. Mn was primarily retained in the cell wall and soluble fractions. Predominant chemical forms of Mn were pectate and protein, phosphates, and oxalates-integrated Mn. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and the contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein initially increased and then decreased with enhancing Mn treatment concentration, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content simultaneously displayed a gradual increase. Combined, these results indicate that C. viscosa can tolerate Mn-stress conditions by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic metabolites contents. In addition, Mn immobilization in the cell wall and soluble fractions, alongside the storage of Mn in low-activity chemical forms are further important mechanisms to cope with high environmental Mn concentration. This study reveals the adaptive mechanisms of plants to Mn stress, and provides a theoretical basis for the use of C. viscosa as a candidate phytoremediation plant for Mn-contaminated soil.

The chemistry and pharmacology of Cleome genus: A review.

BACKGROUND: Since ancient times, species of Cleome genus are used to cure various ailments in human beings and same is stated in traditional treatises. Each part of the plant has its own significance, therefore, in background of its significance, upto date information in systematic manner is required. PURPOSE: The present review embarks on variety of naturally occurring compounds that have been isolated from various species of Cleome genus. The present study furnishes an overview of all naturally isolated compounds diterpenes, triterpenoids, trinorterpenoids, flavonol glycoside, coumarinolignoids, dipyridodiazepinone, essential oils, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, carboxylic acid derivatives, lactone derivatives, sterols and pharmacological activities of various species of Cleome genus. These plants of Cleome genus are often used as conventional drugs to treat several ailments therefore information on analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, anticancer, anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, wound healing and psychopharmacological activity etc were compiled. METHOD: Literature regarding the compounds isolated and pharmacological studies performed by various researchers in the last 40 years who worked on different species belonging to genus Cleome was summarized in the present review. RESULTS: On the basis of references, this review covers the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cleome species, describing compounds previously reported current trends and future prospects. CONCLUSION: From a wellbeing point of view, species belonging toCleome genus presents an excellent option for curing variety of ailments in human beings due to its isolated phytocompounds that reveal significant biological activities or for developing a variety of new pharmaceutical products. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: The observed pharmacological activities and no toxicity profile of extracts obtained from species of Cleome genus support the statement that these extracts might be used in the formation of new formulations that can be beneficial to treat various ailments.

Flavonoids with hepatoprotective activity from the leaves of Cleome viscosa L.

One new flavonol glycoside named visconoside C (1), together with seven known flavonol glycosides, quercetin 3-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), astragalin (4), kaempferol 3-O-(4-O-acetyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5), kaempferol 7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (6), kaempferitrin (7) and kaempferol 3-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (8) were isolated by various chromatography methods from the leaves of Cleome viscosa L. Their structures were elucidated by IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS and NMR (1D & 2D) experiments. The cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activities using HepG2 human hepatoma cell line of 1 were measured by MTT assay. At the concentration of 25 µM and 50 µM, 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (cell viability was decreased to 22.2 and 23.0%, respectively, compared with doxorubicin control), while at the concentration of 100 µM, 1 showed hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity on HepG2 cells (34.3%, compared with quercetin control).

A comparative study of the anthelmintic potential of cleome viscosa L. And cleome burmanni w. And a.

Methanol, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Cleome viscosa and Cleome burmanni were tested for anthelmintic potential against the Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Different concentrations of the extracts ranging from 50-2000 µg/ml were tested and results expressed as time required for paralysis and death of the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as a reference standard and DMSO (1%) as the negative control. The methanol extracts of Cleome viscosa and Cleome burmanni exhibited significant anthelmintic activity. Methanol extract of Cleome viscosa at a concentration of 2000 µg/ml was detected to be the most effective treatment dose. Thin layer chromatography of methanol extracts of both plants revealed the presence of terpenoids.

Antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of Cleome viscosa leaves

The methanol extract of the dried leaves of Cleome viscosa L., Cleomaceae, was investigated for its possible antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities in animal models. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (p<0.001) comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight (p<0.001). The crude extract produced the most prominent cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp Artemia salina (LC50 28.18 μg/mL and LC90 112.20 μg/mL). The extract of C. viscosa L. exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Shigella sonnie, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, Streptococcus epidermidis, Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus with the zones of inhibition ranging from 10.76 to 16.34 mm. The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and its further investigation.

Hepatoprotective Effects and Safety Evaluation of Coumarinolignoids Isolated from Cleome viscosa Seeds.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the in vivo hepatoprotective potential of coumarinolignoids (cleomiscosins A, B, and C) isolated from the seeds of C. viscosa. The study was performed against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups. The animals of group I served as normal and was given only vehicle. Group II served as toxin control and administered with CCl(4) (50% solution liquid paraffin, 2 ml/kg intraperitoneally). The animals of group III received coumarinolignoids (50 mg/kg) for six days orally as well as CCl(4) (2 ml/kg) on 4(th) day i.p. Similarly animals of group IV received silymarin (50 mg/kg) for six days orally as well as CCl(4) on 4(th) day i.p. On 7(th) day various parameters viz. serum glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, liver glycogen were estimated and histopathology was performed. Additionally, acute oral toxicity of the said coumarinolignoids was carried out in swiss albino mice. The coumarinolignoids were found to be effective as hepatoprotective against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by in vivo and histopathological studies in small animals. Safety evaluation studies also exhibit that coumarinolignoids are well tolerated by small animals in acute oral toxicity study except minor changes in red blood cell count and hepatic protein content at 5000 mg/kg body weight as a single oral dose. Coumarinolignoids which is the mixture of three compounds (cleomiscosin A, B and C) is showing the significant protective effects against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in small animals and also coumarinolignoids are well tolerated by small animals in acute oral study.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cleome viscosa Linn. extract.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparidaceae) against carbon tetrachloride (CCI(4)) induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leaf powder of Cleome viscosa was extracted with ethanol. The hepatoprotective activity of the extract was assessed in CCI(4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Various biochemical parameters were estimated and histopathological studies were also performed on rat liver. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by determining a functional parameter, i.e. thiopental-induced sleep of mice poisoned with CCl(4). RESULTS: The test material was found effective as hepatoprotective, through in vivo and histopathological studies. The extract was found to be effective in shortening the thiopental induced sleep in mice poisoned with CCl(4). The hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract was comparable to that of silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective agent. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that ethanolic extract of Cleome viscosa has significant hepatoprotective activity.