Enhancing interfacial electron transfer through PANI electron bridge for tailoring dynamic reconstruction and achieving high-performance water oxidation.

Tailoring the dynamic reconstruction of transition metal compounds into highly active oxyhydroxides through surface electron state modification is crucial for advancing water oxidation, yet remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a unique polyaniline (PANI) electron bridge was integrated into the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)/layer double hydroxides (LDHs) heterojunction to expedite electron transfer from MOFs to LDHs, facilitating electron accumulation at the metal sites within MOF and electron-deficient LDHs. This configuration promotes the surface dynamic reconstruction of LDHs into highly active oxyhydroxides while safeguarding the MOF from corrosion in harsh environments over extended periods. The optimized electronic structure modification of both MOFs and LDHs enhances reaction kinetics. The superior MIL-88B(Fe)@PANI@NiCo LDH catalyst achieved 10 mA∙cm-2 at an overpotential of 202 mV and demonstrated stable operation for 120 h at this current density. This research introduces an innovative approach for guiding electron transfer and dynamic catalyst reconstruction by constructing a PANI electron bridge, potentially paving the way for more efficient catalytic systems.

Dynamic Reconstruction of Yttrium Oxide-Stabilized Cobalt-Loaded Carbon-Based Catalysts During Thermal Ammonia Decomposition.

Hydrogen production from the decomposition of ammonia is considered an effective approach for addressing challenges associated with hydrogen storage and transportation. However, their relatively high energy consumption and low efficiency hinder practical multi-scenario applications. In this study, Y2O3-stabilized catalysts with Co-loaded onto porous nitrogen-doped carbon (Y2O3-Co/NC) are synthesized by pyrolysis of Y(NO3)3-modified ZIF-67 under an inert atmosphere, followed by annealing in a reducing environment. The introduction of Y2O3 enhanced the recombination and desorption of N atoms and facilitated the gradual dehydrogenation of NHx on the catalyst surface, resulting in improved catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of ammonia. Benefitting from the electron-donating properties of Y2O3 and N-doped carbon, the optimized catalyst achieved a remarkable NH3 conversion efficiency of 92.3% at a high gas hourly space velocity of 20 000 cm3· g cat - 1 ${\mathrm{g}}_{{\mathrm{cat}}}^{ - {\mathrm{1}}}$ ·h-1 with an encouraging H2 production rate of 20.6 mmol· g cat - 1 ${\mathrm{g}}_{{\mathrm{cat}}}^{ - {\mathrm{1}}}$ ·min-1 at 550 °C. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst undergoes a fast-dynamic reconstruction process, resulting in exceptionally stable catalytic activity during the thermal decomposition of ammonia, rendering it a promising candidate for carbon-free energy thermocatalytic conversion technology.

Dynamic Active Sites in Electrocatalysis.

In-depth understanding of the real-time behaviors of active sites during electrocatalysis is essential for the advancement of sustainable energy conversion. Recently, the concept of dynamic active sites has been recognized as a potent approach for creating self-adaptive electrocatalysts that can address a variety of electrocatalytic reactions, outperforming traditional electrocatalysts with static active sites. Nonetheless, the comprehension of the underlying principles that guide the engineering of dynamic active sites is presently insufficient. In this review, we systematically analyze the fundamentals of dynamic active sites for electrocatalysis and consider important future directions for this emerging field. We reveal that dynamic behaviors and reversibility are two crucial factors that influence electrocatalytic performance. By reviewing recent advances in dynamic active sites, we conclude that implementing dynamic electrocatalysis through variable reaction environments, correlating the model of dynamic evolution with catalytic properties, and developing localized and ultrafast in-situ/operando techniques are keys to designing high-performance dynamic electrocatalysts. This review paves the way to the development of the next-generation electrocatalyst and the universal theory for both dynamic and static active sites.

Origin of Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Restructured Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), praised for structural flexibility and tunability, are prominent catalyst prototypes for exploring oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, their intricate transformations under OER, especially in industrial high-current environments, pose significant challenges in accurately elucidating their structure-activity correlation. Here, we harnessed an electrooxidation process for controllable MOF reconstruction, discovering that Fe doping expedites Ni(Fe)-MOF structural evolution, accompanied by the elongation of Ni-O bonds, monitored by in-situ Raman and UV-visible spectroscopy. Theoretical modeling further reveals that Fe doping and defect-induced tensile strain in the NiO6 octahedra augments the metal ds-Op hybridization, optimizing their adsorption behavior and augmenting OER activity. The reconstructed Ni(Fe)-MOF, serving as the anode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, achieves a noteworthy current density of 3.3 A cm-2 at 2.2 V while maintaining equally stable operation for 160 h spanning from 0.5 A cm-2 to 1 A cm-2. This undertaking elevates our comprehension of OER catalyst reconstruction, furnishing promising avenues for designing highly efficacious catalysts across electrochemical platforms.

Functional Perspectives in Tongue Reconstruction Based on Perforator Free Flap.

This article explores advancements in functional tongue reconstruction after cancer ablation, focusing on the importance of flap selection, positioning, and volume adjustment to restore speech and swallowing function. It highlights advancements such as the perforator flap concept for customized reconstructions and the transition to dynamic techniques with motor-innervated free flaps, aiming to accurately replicate the tongue's inherent functions. The effectiveness of dynamic techniques in improving swallowing efficiency and speech clarity underscores their significant potential in enhancing postoperative rehabilitation, representing a significant progress in the realm of functional tongue reconstruction.

Upper blepharoplasty in Asian population: A novel technique based on functional zoning and dynamic reconstruction with anatomical structure.

BACKGROUND: Double eyelid blepharoplasty is the most popular cosmetic operation in Asian population. Various surgical techniques have been developed in order to create dynamic eyelid folds with natural-looking in recent years, but postoperative complications like so-called sausage-like appearance have not been resolved completely. AIMS: To create natural-looking dynamic folds, we propose a new method imitating the original anatomical structure of congenital double-eyelid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients who underwent the double-eyelid surgery from June 1st, 2018 to October 31st, 2020 were included in this retrospective study, including 10 males and 76 females, aged 18-39 years (mean 27.4 ± 5.6 years). All the included patients received double eyelid surgery performed by the same senior doctor, using the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle-releasing technique. Patient Reported Outcome Measures questionnaires were administrated to assess the severity of scarring, pain, and asymmetry, as well as functional and appearance issues. Surgical outcome was assessed through objective and subjective evaluation forms (PROM and patient satisfaction rate). RESULTS: Among the 86 patients, 5 were lost during the follow-up period. The absolute number of enrolled patients is 81. 91.36% of the enrolled patients reported minimal or non-visible scarring at the double eyelid incision. As to functional and appearance issues, the main problem were asymmetry (12.35%) and the narrowing of the supratarsal crease width (8.64%). No supratarsal depression and "sausage-like" appearance occurred in this study. 95.1% of patients reported either good or excellent outcome (mean score: 108 of 120) based on analysis of PROM results, and 96.3% of patients reported either high or very high satisfaction (mean score: 96 of 120) for the patient satisfaction assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This new surgical method of double-eyelid blepharoplasty provides comparatively safe and effective results.

Dynamic reconstruction for digital tomosynthesis: a phantom proof of concept for breast care.

Objective. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a type of limited-angle Computed Tomography (CT) used in orthopedic and oncology care to provide a pseudo-3D reconstructed volume of a body part from multiple x-ray projections. Patient motion during acquisitions results in artifacts which affect screening and diagnostic performances. Hence, accurate reconstruction of moving body parts from a tomosynthesis projection series is addressed in this paper, with a particular focus on the breast. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of a novel dynamic reconstruction technique for DTS and evaluate its accuracy compared to an available ground truth.Approach. The proposed method is a combination of a 4D dynamic tomography strategy leveraging the formalism of Projection-based Digital Volume Correlation (P-DVC) with a multiscale approach to estimate and correct patient motion. Iterations of two operations are performed: (i) a motion-corrected reconstruction based on the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) algorithm and (ii) a motion estimation from projection residuals, to obtain motion-free volumes. Performance is evaluated on a synthetic Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) case. Three slabs of a CIRS breast phantom are imaged on a Senographe PristinaTM, under plate-wise rigid body motions with amplitudes ranging up to 10 mm so that an independent measurement of the motion can be accessed.Results. Results show a motion estimation average precision down to 0.183 mm (1.83 voxels), when compared to the independent measurement. Moreover, an 84.2% improvement on the mean residual error and a 59.9% improvement on the root mean square error (RMSE) with the original static reconstruction are obtained.Significance. Visual and quantitative assessments of the dynamically reconstructed volumes show that the proposed method fully restores conspicuity for important clinical features contained in the phantom.

Dynamic Reconstruction of Two-Dimensional Defective Bi Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

Catalyst surface dynamics drive the generation of active species for electrocatalytic reactions. Yet, the understanding of dominant site formation and reaction mechanisms is limited. In this study, we thoroughly investigate the dynamic reconstruction of two-dimensional defective Bi nanosheets from exfoliated Bi2Se3 nanosheets under electrochemical CO2 and nitrate (NO3 -) reduction conditions. The ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanosheets obtained by NaBH4-assisted cryo-mediated liquid-phase exfoliation are more easily reduced and reconstructed to Bi nanosheets with high-density grain boundaries (GBs; GB-rich Bi). The reconstructed GB-rich Bi catalyst affords a remarkable yield rate of 4.6 mmol h-1 mgcat. -1 and Faradaic efficiency of 32 % for urea production at -0.40 V vs. RHE. Notably, this yield rate is 2 and 8.2 times higher than those of the low-GB Bi and bulk Bi catalysts, respectively. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the GB sites significantly reduce the *CO and *NH2 intermediate formation energy and C-N coupling energy barrier, enabling selective urea electrosynthesis on the GB-rich Bi catalyst. This work will trigger further research into the structure-activity interplay in dynamic processes using in situ techniques.

Introducing a Dynamic Reconstruction Methodology for Multilayered Structures in Atom Probe Tomography.

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful three-dimensional nanoanalyzing microscopy technique considered key in modern materials science. However, progress in the spatial reconstruction of APT data has been rather limited since the first implementation of the protocol proposed by Bas et al. in 1995. This paper proposes a simple semianalytical approach to reconstruct multilayered structures, i.e., two or more different compounds stacked perpendicular to the analysis direction. Using a field evaporation model, the general dynamic evolution of parameters involved in the reconstruction of this type of structure is estimated. Some experimental reconstructions of different structures through the implementation of this method that dynamically accommodates variations in the tomographic reconstruction parameters are presented. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the depth accuracy of reconstructed APT images is improved using this method. The method requires few parameters in order to be easily usable and substantially improves atom probe tomographic reconstructions of multilayered structures.

Dynamic Reconstruction and Mesh Compression of 4D Volumetric Model Using Correspondence-Based Deformation for Streaming Service.

A sequence of 3D models generated using volumetric capture has the advantage of retaining the characteristics of dynamic objects and scenes. However, in volumetric data, since 3D mesh and texture are synthesized for every frame, the mesh of every frame has a different shape, and the brightness and color quality of the texture is various. This paper proposes an algorithm to consistently create a mesh of 4D volumetric data using dynamic reconstruction. The proposed algorithm comprises remeshing, correspondence searching, and target frame reconstruction by key frame deformation. We make non-rigid deformation possible by applying the surface deformation method of the key frame. Finally, we propose a method of compressing the target frame using the target frame reconstructed using the key frame with error rates of up to 98.88% and at least 20.39% compared to previous studies. The experimental results show the proposed method's effectiveness by measuring the geometric error between the deformed key frame and the target frame. Further, by calculating the residual between two frames, the ratio of data transmitted is measured to show a compression performance of 18.48%.

ARACAM: A RGB-D Multi-View Photogrammetry System for Lower Limb 3D Reconstruction Applications.

In the world, there is a growing need for lower limb prostheses due to a rising number of amputations caused primarily, by diabetic foot. Researchers enable functional and comfortable prostheses through prosthetic design by integrating new technologies applied to the traditional handcrafted method for prosthesis fabrication that is still current. That is why computer vision shows to be a promising tool for the integration of 3D reconstruction that may be useful for prosthetic design. This work has the objective to design, prototype, and test a functional system to scan plaster cast molds, which may serve as a platform for future technologies for lower limb reconstruction applications. The image capture system comprises 5 stereoscopic color and depth cameras, each with 4 DOF mountings on an enveloping frame, as well as algorithms for calibration, segmentation, registration, and surface reconstruction. The segmentation metrics of dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance (HD) show strong visual similarity with an average similarity of 87% and average error of 6.40 mm, respectively. Moving forward, the system was tested on a known 3D printed model obtained from a computer tomography scan to which comparison results via HD show an average error of ≤1.93 mm thereby making the system competitive against the systems reviewed from the state-of-the-art.

Use of dynamic reconstruction for parametric Patlak imaging in dynamic whole body PET.

Dynamic whole body (DWB) PET acquisition protocols enable the use of whole body parametric imaging for clinical applications. In FDG imaging, accurate parametric images of PatlakKican be complementary to regular standardised uptake value images and improve on current applications or enable new ones. In this study we consider DWB protocols implemented on clinical scanners with a limited axial field of view with the use of multiple whole body sweeps. These protocols result in temporal gaps in the dynamic data which produce noisier and potentially more biased parametric images, compared to single bed (SB) dynamic protocols. Dynamic reconstruction using the Patlak model has been previously proposed to overcome these limits and shown improved DWB parametric images ofKi. In this work, we propose and make use of a spectral analysis based model for dynamic reconstruction and parametric imaging of PatlakKi. Both dynamic reconstruction methods were evaluated for DWB FDG protocols and compared against 3D reconstruction based parametric imaging from SB dynamic protocols. This work was conducted on simulated data and results were tested against real FDG dynamic data. We showed that dynamic reconstruction can achieve levels of parametric image noise and bias comparable to 3D reconstruction in SB dynamic studies, with the spectral model offering additional flexibility and further reduction of image noise. Comparisons were also made between step and shoot and continuous bed motion (CBM) protocols, which showed that CBM can achieve lower parametric image noise due to reduced acquisition temporal gaps. Finally, our results showed that dynamic reconstruction improved VOI parametric mean estimates but did not result to fully converged values before resulting in undesirable levels of noise. Additional regularisation methods need to be considered for DWB protocols to ensure both accurate quantification and acceptable noise levels for clinical applications.

Selection of Embedding Dimension and Delay Time in Phase Space Reconstruction via Symbolic Dynamics.

The modeling and prediction of chaotic time series require proper reconstruction of the state space from the available data in order to successfully estimate invariant properties of the embedded attractor. Thus, one must choose appropriate time delay τ∗ and embedding dimension p for phase space reconstruction. The value of τ∗ can be estimated from the Mutual Information, but this method is rather cumbersome computationally. Additionally, some researchers have recommended that τ∗ should be chosen to be dependent on the embedding dimension p by means of an appropriate value for the time delay τw=(p-1)τ∗, which is the optimal time delay for independence of the time series. The C-C method, based on Correlation Integral, is a method simpler than Mutual Information and has been proposed to select optimally τw and τ∗. In this paper, we suggest a simple method for estimating τ∗ and τw based on symbolic analysis and symbolic entropy. As in the C-C method, τ∗ is estimated as the first local optimal time delay and τw as the time delay for independence of the time series. The method is applied to several chaotic time series that are the base of comparison for several techniques. The numerical simulations for these systems verify that the proposed symbolic-based method is useful for practitioners and, according to the studied models, has a better performance than the C-C method for the choice of the time delay and embedding dimension. In addition, the method is applied to EEG data in order to study and compare some dynamic characteristics of brain activity under epileptic episodes.

Self-Integratable, Healable, and Stretchable Electroluminescent Device Fabricated via Dynamic Urea Bonds Equipped in Polyurethane.

Reversible bonding between polymer chains has been used primarily to induce self-healing of damaged polymers. Inspired by the dynamic nature of such bonding, we have developed a polyurethane equipped with dynamic urea bonds (PEDUB) that has high strength sufficient to make it be freestanding and have a healing capability and self-bonding property. This allowed subsequent heterogeneous multicomponent device integration of electrodes/substrate and light-emitting pixels into a light-emitting device. We first used the PEDUB to individually fabricate a highly stretchable electrode containing Ag nanowires and stretchable composites with ZnS-based particles. They were successfully assembled into a stretchable, waterproof electroluminescent (EL) device even under mild conditions (60 °C for 10 min) owing to the reversible exchange of urea bonds and low glass transition temperature of PEDUB. The assembled device with an AC-driven EL architecture retained excellent EL characteristics even after stretching, submersion in water, and cutting owing to the robust solid-state bonding interfaces induced by the dynamic urea bonds. Consequently, various shapes of the illuminating elastomer and an illuminated picture were realized for the first time using the mosaic-like assembly method. This first demonstration of multicomponent assembly paves the way for future stretchable multifunctional devices.

An anterolateral thigh chimeric flap for dynamic facial and esthetic reconstruction after oncological surgery in the maxillofacial region: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of malignant tumors in the head and neck region often leads to functional and esthetic defects that impair the quality of life of the patients. Reconstruction can be solved with prostheses in these cases, but various types of microsurgical free flaps can provide a better clinical outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report, the tumor and parts of the involved facial muscles and nerve were excised surgically from a 42-year-old patient after a third relapse of basal cell carcinoma in the left midface. The tissue defect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh chimeric type I fascio-myocutaneous flap, where the facial palsy was restored with a segmental branch of the femoral nerve and the involved mouth corner elevator muscles for the segmented vastus lateralis muscle. The 6-month follow-up revealed a good esthetic outcome, the soft tissue defect reconstruction with good functional activity of the reconstructed facial nerve and with acceptable mimic movements. There has been no subsequent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the chimeric type I anterolateral fascio-myocutaneous free flap can offer a good option for the esthetic and functional reconstruction of an extensive tissue defect in the maxillofacial region.

Functional outcomes assessment following free muscle transfer for dynamic reconstruction of facial paralysis: A literature review.

Facial reanimation provides patients affected by chronic facial paralysis a chance to regain basic human functions such as emotional expression, verbal communication, and oral competence for eating and swallowing, but there is still no consensus as to the best way to measure surgical outcomes. We performed a literature review to investigate the different functional outcomes that surgeons use to evaluate facial function after reanimation surgery, focusing on outcomes other than facial expressions such as speech, oral competence, and patient quality of life/satisfaction. A total of 37 articles were reviewed, with the majority reporting outcomes through subjective facial expression ratings and only 15 dealing with other functional outcomes. In particular, outcomes related to oral competence and speech were reported inconsistently. Facial reanimation patients would benefit from a unified movement to create and validate through consensus, an outcomes reporting system incorporating not only facial expression, but also oral competence, speech, and patient-reported quality of life, to enable global patient assessment.

[Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with Coflex interspinous process dynamic reconstruction system in treatment of youth lumbar disc herniation].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) combined with Coflex interspinous process dynamic reconstruction system for the treatment of youth lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: The clinical data of 52 patients with LDH treated by PTED combined with Coflex were retrospectively analyzed between February 2013 and March 2015. The involved segments were L 4, 5 in 30 cases and L 5, S 1 in 22 cases. In 30 patients at L 4, 5 level, there were 18 males and 12 females with an average age of 25 years (range, 18-34 years) and a mean disease duration of 10 months (range, 6-16 months). In 22 patients at L 5, S 1 level, there were 10 males and 12 females with an average age of 25.5 years (range, 19-32 years) and a mean disease duration of 12 months (range, 6-18 months). The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Japanese Orthpoaedic Association (JOA) score were used for effectiveness assessment. Radiograpic indexes were calculated on X-ray films before operation and final follow-up, including ventral intervertebral space height (VH), dorsal intervertebral space height (DH), intervertebral foramen height (IFH), the range of motion (ROM) of involved segment, and the ROM of upper adjacent segment. Results: The operations were successfully completed in 52 patients. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (89.7±16.5) minutes and (42.7±11.3) mL in patients at L 4, 5 level, and were (94.6±18.2) minutes and (47.6±13.4) mL in patients at L 5, S 1 level. Incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean,16 months) in patients at L 4, 5 level and 12-20 months (mean, 17 months) in patients at L 5, S 1 level. At final follow-up, ODI, and JOA score were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones in all patients ( P<0.05). X-ray films showed no complication of Coflex loosening, spinous process fracture, or articular process fracture occurred. At final follow-up, VH, DH, and IFH were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones in all patients ( P<0.05), and the ROM of involved segment was significantly reduced compared with preoperative one ( P<0.05), but the ROM of upper adjacent segment showed no significant difference when compared with preoperative one ( P>0.05). Conclusion: PTED combined with Coflex is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgery in treating youth LDH; however, it still needs further clinical studies.

Dynamic reconstruction of complex abdominal wall defects with the pedicled innervated vastus lateralis and anterolateral thigh PIVA flap.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Reconstruction of large and chronically infected recurrent abdominal wall defects with exposed bowel in a scarred wound environment, when component release has been previously performed but failed, is a veritable challenge. We use a pedicled innervated vastus lateralis muscle with a fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap (PIVA flap) to restore the continuity of the abdominal wall with vascularised tissues and create a dynamic component that improves the functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-stage PIVA flap was used in 15 patients with grade 4 transmural chronically infected defects. They had a mean of 4.53 previous laparotomies and important co-morbidities. We determined post-operative reconstructive abdominal wall strength using a validated quality-of-life (QoL) hernia-related questionnaire and modified it to quantify donor-site morbidity at the thigh. We measured the maximal force generated at 60°/s and the force velocity at 120°/s by isokinetic dynamometric analysis at 3 and 12 months. Electromyography (EMG) was performed 12 months after the reconstruction to analyse the contractile integrity of the vastus lateralis segment. A two-sided sign test was used to analyse data. RESULTS: All transmural chronic wounds healed without recurrence. Dynamometric strength increased significantly in the abdominal wall musculature (p < 0.016) and in the donor thigh (p < 0.023) between 3 months and 12 months after the intervention, which reflected in the EMG outcome and the high scores in the QoL measurements after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The PIVA flap revascularises the scarred milieu, adds a dynamic component to improve function and may reach up to the xiphoid process. Donor-site morbidity is limited.

Bidirectional/double fascia grafting for simple and semi-dynamic reconstruction of lower lip deformity in facial paralysis.

BACKGROUND: For the total aesthetic reconstruction of facial paralysis, treatment of lower lip deformity as "a neglected target in facial reanimation" is important. Although various dynamic reconstruction approaches have been reported for lower lip deformity, these have not been popularly performed due to aggressive surgical invasiveness, long recovery time for reinnervation, and unstable outcomes. To reconstruct the lower lip deformity more simply but semi-dynamically, we modified bidirectional/double fascia grafting methods that have been established as simple and minimally invasive treatments for pediatric congenital lower lip paralysis. METHODS: Between 2009 and 2011, nine patients were treated using this procedure alone or with combinations of other procedures of facial reanimation such as one-stage free muscle transfer. For outcome assessment, patients were evaluated using a lower lip paralysis grading system, including the objective aesthetics and functional results of the lower lip at rest (score range, 0-1), during smiling (score range, 0-4), and during mouth opening (score range, 0-2). RESULTS: The mean total scores improved from 1.43 (poor) preoperatively to 5.71 (excellent) postoperatively. In all evaluation items, the postoperative scores improved significantly compared to the preoperative scores (p<0.01) with no severe complications. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure is simply applied to various types of extensive facial paralysis, as well as congenital lower lip paralysis in combination with other static and dynamic reconstruction methods for facial paralysis, and it is suggested that this approach significantly and semi-dynamically improves the aesthetic function of the lower lip at rest, during smiling, and during mouth opening.

Dynamic eye socket reconstruction after extensive resection of midfacial malignancies: preliminary results using temporalis transfer.

The functional and esthetic results of reconstructive surgery after extended total maxillectomy or extended orbital exenteration greatly depend on the quality of the orbital reconstruction. We developed dynamic eye socket reconstruction using temporalis transfer to achieve good orbital reconstruction, and examined the usefulness of our technique. Five patients (three men and two women, aged 44-72 years) who underwent extensive resection of midfacial malignancies were treated with dynamic eye socket reconstruction using temporalis transfer. In most cases, eye socket reconstruction was performed approximately 1 year after the initial surgery, and temporalis transfer was used after maturation of the eye socket. The follow-up period ranged from 16 to 120 months (average 63.8 months). Movement of the upper and lower eyelids was achieved in all cases, and definite creases at the lateral canthus were observed in two patients. A good shape in the reconstructed medial and lateral canthal areas was maintained in all patients. Our reconstruction technique is extremely effective in creating natural creases ('crow's feet') at the lateral canthus during smiling, enabling movement of the upper and lower eyelids, and maintaining a sharp palpebral morphology.