RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Vascular complications contribute significantly to the extensive morbidity and mortality rates observed in people with diabetes. Despite well known that the diabetic kidney and heart exhibit imbalanced angiogenesis, the mechanisms implicated in this angiogenic paradox remain unknown. In this study, we examined the angiogenic and metabolic gene expression profile (GEP) of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from a mouse model with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: ECs were isolated from kidneys and hearts of healthy and streptozocin (STZ)-treated mice. RNA was then extracted for molecular studies. GEP of 84 angiogenic and 84 AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-dependent genes were examined by microarrays. Real time PCR confirmed the changes observed in significantly altered genes. Microvessel density (MVD) was analysed by immunohistochemistry, fibrosis was assessed by the Sirius red histological staining and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: The relative percentage of ECs and MVD were increased in the kidneys of T1DM animals whereas the opposite trend was observed in the hearts of diabetic mice. Accordingly, the majority of AMPK-associated genes were upregulated in kidneys and downregulated in hearts of these animals. Angiogenic GEP revealed significant differences in Tgfß, Notch signaling and Timp2 in both diabetic organs. These findings were in agreement with the angiogenesis histological assays. Fibrosis was augmented in both organs in diabetic as compared to healthy animals. CONCLUSION: Altogether, our findings indicate, for the first time, that T1DM heart and kidney ECs present opposite metabolic cues, which are accompanied by distinct angiogenic patterns. These findings enable the development of innovative organ-specific therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic-associated vascular disorders.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Microvasos/fisiologia , Animais , Fator de Crescimento do Tecido Conjuntivo/análise , Fator de Crescimento do Tecido Conjuntivo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Fibrose , Ventrículos do Coração/metabolismo , Rim/citologia , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microvasos/patologia , Miocárdio/citologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/genética , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Bone vasculature is essential for many processes, such as skeletal development and growth, bone modeling and remodeling, and healing processes. Endothelium is an integral part of bone tissue, expressing a physiological paracrine function via growth factors and chemokines release, and interacting with several cellular lines. Alterations of the complex biochemical interactions between vasculature and bone cells may lead to various clinical manifestations. Two different types of pathologies result: a defect or an excess of bone vasculature or endothelium metabolism. Starting from the molecular basis of the interactions between endothelial and bone cells, the Authors present an overview of the recent acquisitions in the physiopathology of the most important clinical patterns, and the modern therapeutic strategies for their treatments.