Approaching artificial intelligence to Hospital Pharmacy. / Acercando la inteligencia artificial a los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad concept that includes the study of the ability of computers to perform tasks that would normally require the intervention of human intelligence. By exploiting large volumes of healthcare data, artificial intelligence algorithms can identify patterns and predict outcomes, which can help healthcare organizations and their professionals make better decisions and achieve better results. Machine learning, deep learning, neural networks or natural language processing are among the most important methods, allowing systems to learn and improve from data without the need for explicit programming. AI has been introduced in biomedicine, accelerating processes, improving safety and efficiency, and improving patient care. By using AI algorithms and Machine Learning, hospital pharmacists can analyze a large volume of patient data, including medical records, laboratory results, and medication profiles, aiding them in identifying potential drug-drug interactions, assessing the safety and efficacy of medicines, and making informed recommendations. AI integration will improve the quality of pharmaceutical care, optimize processes, promote research, deploy open innovation, and facilitate education. Hospital pharmacists who master AI will play a crucial role in this transformation.

Development and consensus of a dashboard model to evaluate research activity in Spanish Hospital Pharmacy Services. / Desarrollo y consenso de un cuadro de mando para evaluar la actividad investigadora en los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria en España.

OBJECTIVE: To develop by consensus a dashboard model to standardize and promote the evaluation of research activity in Spanish Hospital Pharmacy Services. METHODS: The study was carried out in 5 phases following the modified Delphi methodology: constitution of the coordinating group, elaboration of a list of scenarios, selection of participating centers, evaluation of the list of scenarios, and analysis of the results. The coordinating group designed a questionnaire with 114 questions. General research questions and different scenarios (indicators) were included to form the dashboard. The Hospital Pharmacy Services with the highest number of publications were identified to participate in the Delphi consultation. Two rounds of consultations were conducted in which the "Need" and/or "Feasibility" of their measurement was evaluated for each of the scenarios, using a numerical scale from 1 (lowest score) to 9 (highest score). RESULTS: Sixteen Hospital Pharmacy Services, belonging to 8 different autonomous communities, participated in the Delphi consultation. A total of 100% of them responded to all the questions in the 2 rounds of consultations. It was considered that the Hospital Pharmacy Services should have a research dashboard (need = 100%) with a basic structure and a common minimum set of data for all them (need = 87.5%). The consensus was reached on distinguishing research projects led by the Hospital Pharmacy Services from those led by other groups in which the Hospital Pharmacy Services collaborate (need = 87.5%), and a definition was approved on the leadership of these projects according to whether they are single-center or multicenter. A consensus was reached on 40 indicators to form the dashboard, which evaluates publications (13 indicators), human resources (12 indicators), research projects (9 indicators), doctoral theses (4 indicators), and patents and intellectual property registrations (2 indicators). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first consensus dashboard developed to evaluate the research activity of the Hospital Pharmacy Services, which will help to analyze the productivity and impact of research systematically and continuously. In addition, it will allow comparison between them and will help to establish synergies and identify trends, patterns, and challenges.

[Translated article] Development and consensus of a dashboard model to evaluate research activity in Spanish Hospital Pharmacy Services.

OBJECTIVE: To develop by consensus a dashboard model to standardise and promote the evaluation of research activity in Spanish Hospital Pharmacy Services. METHODS: The study was carried out in 5 phases following the modified Delphi methodology: constitution of the coordinating group, elaboration of a list of scenarios, selection of participating centres, evaluation of the list of scenarios, and analysis of the results. The coordinating group designed a questionnaire with 114 questions. General research questions and different scenarios (indicators) were included to form the dashboard. The Hospital Pharmacy Services with the highest number of publications were identified to participate in the Delphi consultation. Two rounds of consultations were conducted in which the "Need" and/or "Feasibility" of their measurement was evaluated for each of the scenarios, using a numerical scale from 1 (lowest score) to 9 (highest score). RESULTS: Sixteen Hospital Pharmacy Services, belonging to 8 different Autonomous Communities, participated in the Delphi consultation. A total of 100% of them responded to all the questions in the 2 rounds of consultations. It was considered that the Hospital Pharmacy Services should have a research dashboard (Need=100%) with a basic structure and a common minimum set of data for all them (Need=87.5%). The consensus was reached on distinguishing research projects led by the Hospital Pharmacy Services from those led by other groups in which the Hospital Pharmacy Services collaborate (Need=87.5%), and a definition was approved on the leadership of these projects according to whether they are single-centre or multicentre. A consensus was reached on 40 indicators to form the dashboard, which evaluates publications (13 indicators), human resources (12 indicators), research projects (9 indicators), doctoral theses (4 indicators), and patents and intellectual property registrations (2 indicators). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first consensus dashboard developed to evaluate the research activity of the Hospital Pharmacy Services, which will help to analyse the productivity and impact of research systematically and continuously. In addition, it will allow comparison between them and will help to establish synergies and identify trends, patterns, and challenges.

Tackling the future in hospital pharmacy: Training as a pillar of success. / Conquistando el futuro en farmacia hospitalaria: la formación como pilar del éxito.

The training of hospital pharmacists in the coming years must adapt and respond to constant current and future social and technological challenges, without neglecting the basic areas of the profession. It is necessary to acquire knowledge in what is known as digital comprehensive health: Artificial intelligence, technology and automation, digital skills, and new forms of communication with patients, such as telemedicine and telepharmacy that are already a reality in many hospitals. We must provide knowledge in automated systems for the distribution and dispensing of medicines, robots for preparing sterile preparations, traceability systems, the use of drones in clinical care, etc., as well as including training in the application of technology in pharmaceutical care, through devices and applications that help identify patients who require specific care early and effectively. In this digital scenario, new risks and challenges must be faced, such as cybersecurity and cyber-resilience, which makes the training and education of healthcare professionals in general, and hospital pharmacists in particular, essential. On the other hand, the appearance of increasingly complex and innovative therapies has a great impact not only on health population but also on economic and environmental issues, which makes new competencies and skills essential to develop and implement disruptive and competent financing, equity, and sustainability strategies. In this demanding and hyper-connected environment, it is understandable that the well-known "burned out worker syndrome" appears, which prevents the correct personal and professional development of the team and highlights the importance of quality training for its prevention and management. In short, in the next decade, the training of hospital pharmacists must be aimed at providing knowledge in innovation and in basic skills needed to adapt and succeed to current demands and changes.

[Translated article] Hospital pharmacy towards 2030.

Hospital Pharmacy is today a profession marked by therapeutic advances, with a proactive attitude, focussed on people and their health. The evolution of processes is constant, with the full presence of digitalisation, robotisation, and even artificial intelligence, in an environment that also requires the efficient and sustainable use of these tools. In this context, it is necessary to have a roadmap that guides the advancement of the profession and Hospital Pharmacy Services. Continuing with the philosophy of the 2020 initiative which, with the slogan "Towards the future, safely", defined the strategic lines to advance in the improvement of Hospital Pharmacy practice, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy wanted to raise the challenges the profession is currently facing and with a view to 2030. With this strategic planning objective, 20 challenges have been identified and developed, which cover the different areas of action and involvement of Hospital Pharmacy and which cover clinical activities, transversal aspects, training, and research, as well as areas related to people and to the organisations or health systems. For each of them, the objectives, standards, tools, and resources have been defined. It is also planned to provide tools that facilitate monitoring of implementation and the impact on the profession, patients, and the environment.

[Translated article] Introducing artificial intelligence to hospital pharmacy departments.

Artificial intelligence is a broad concept that includes the study of the ability of computers to perform tasks that would normally require the intervention of human intelligence. By exploiting large volumes of healthcare data, Artificial intelligence algorithms can identify patterns and predict outcomes, which can help healthcare organizations and their professionals make better decisions and achieve better results. Machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, or natural language processing are among the most important methods, allowing systems to learn and improve from data without the need for explicit programming. Artificial intelligence has been introduced in biomedicine, accelerating processes, improving accuracy and efficiency, and improving patient care. By using Artificial intelligence algorithms and machine learning, hospital pharmacists can analyze a large volume of patient data, including medical records, laboratory results, and medication profiles, aiding them in identifying potential drug-drug interactions, assessing the safety and efficacy of medicines, and making informed recommendations. Artificial intelligence integration will improve the quality of pharmaceutical care, optimize processes, promote research, deploy open innovation, and facilitate education. Hospital pharmacists who master Artificial intelligence will play a crucial role in this transformation.

[Translated article] Conquering the future in hospital pharmacy: Training as a pillar of success.

The training of hospital pharmacists in the coming years must adapt and respond to constant current and future social and technological challenges, without neglecting the basic areas of the profession. It is necessary to acquire knowledge in what is known as digital comprehensive health: artificial intelligence, technology and automation, digital skills, and new forms of communication with patients, such as telemedicine and telepharmacy that are already a reality in many hospitals. We must provide knowledge in automated systems for the distribution and dispensing of medicines, robots for preparing sterile preparations, traceability systems, the use of drones in clinical care, etc. as well as training in the application of technology in pharmaceutical care, through devices and applications that help identify patients who require specific care early and effectively. In this digital scenario, new risks and challenges must be faced, such as cybersecurity and cyber resilience, which makes the training and education of healthcare professionals in general, and hospital pharmacists in particular, inexcusable. On the other hand, the appearance of increasingly complex and innovative therapies has a great impact not only on health population but also on economic and environmental issues, which makes new competencies and skills essential to develop and implement disruptive and competent financing, equity, and sustainability strategies. In this demanding and hyper-connected environment, it is understandable that the well-known "burned out worker syndrome" appears, which prevents the correct personal and professional development of the team and highlights the importance of quality training for its prevention and management. In short, in the next decade, the training of hospital pharmacists must be aimed at providing knowledge in innovation and in basic skills needed to adapt and succeed to current demands and changes.

Hospital pharmacy towards 2030. / La farmacia hospitalaria rumbo al 2030.

Hospital pharmacy is today a profession marked by therapeutic advances, with a proactive attitude, focused on people and their health. The evolution of processes is constant, with the full presence of digitalization, robotization and even artificial intelligence, in an environment that also requires the efficient and sustainable use of these tools. In this context, it is necessary to have a roadmap that guides the advancement of the profession and hospital pharmacy services. Continuing with the philosophy of the 2020 initiative which, with the slogan "Towards the future, safely", defined the strategic lines to advance in the improvement of hospital pharmacy practice, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy wanted to raise the challenges the profession is currently facing and with a view to 2030. With this strategic planning objective, twenty challenges have been identified and developed, which cover the different areas of action and involvement of hospital pharmacy and which cover clinical activities, transversal aspects, training and research, as well as areas related to people and to the organizations or health systems. For each of them, the objectives, standards, tools and resources have been defined. It is also planned to provide tools that facilitate monitoring of implementation and the impact on the profession, patients and the environment.

Relationship between adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Poor adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (Adh-OAD) is a risk factor for poor control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the Adh-OAD. This quantification is possible through electronic dispensing records from the community pharmacy. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the Adh-OAD on the control of T2DM and the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (%HbA1c) in the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted in 8 community pharmacies in Granada (Spain). Patients older than 18 years with T2DM and on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) for at least 6 months were included. The main study variables were the control of T2DM, %HbA1c, and the Adh-OAD considering three cut-off points (≥80%, ≥70%, ≥60%). This relationship was studied using multivariate binary logistic regression and multivariate linear regression, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients were included. The mean age was 70.5 years (SD: 9.7), and 54.2% were men. Eighty-five patients (79.4%) had well-controlled T2DM (mean %HbA1c: 6.5%; SD=0.6). Considering Adh-OAD≥80%, 13.1% (n=14) had a poor adherence and was related to the %HbA1c (ß=0.742; p=0.007) and the control of T2DM (OR: 7.327; 95% CI: 1.302-41.241). Poor adherence was found in 9.3% (n=10) considering Adh-OAD≥70% and in 3.7% (n=4) considering Adh-OAD≥60%. In both cases, a statistically significant relationship was found between Adh-OAD and the %HbA1c and between Adh-OAD and the control of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Adh-OAD influenced the %HbA1c in patients with T2DM and the control of their disease.

The relevance of therapeutic positioning in the post-approval evaluation of new medicines. / La importancia del posicionamiento terapéutico en la evaluación posautorización de nuevos medicamentos.

The objective of regulatory authorities is to ensure a favorable risk-benefit balance for medicines in their licensed indication, without seeking to establish their place in the therapeutic armamentarium beyond that. The licensed indication covers heterogeneous subpopulations and often does not sufficiently specify the characteristics of the patients who may benefit. The regulatory information does not always show the benefit over the standard treatments; moreover, it only reacts to the conditions specified in the developer's application, and lacks an assessment of the clinical relevance of the benefit and its uncertainties. Many cases highlight the need to establish a more specific therapeutic benefit scenario than the licensed indication. For example, abemaciclib was approved in the adjuvant setting for high-risk patients with early breast cancer, but the appropriate level of risk and how to assess it needs to be specified. Also, pembrolizumab is approved for neoadjuvant plus adjuvant treatment in lung cancer; but it remains to be analyzed whether it is superior to nivolumab in neoadjuvant treatment alone, which involves less treatment and economic burden. As therapeutic positioning is always a necessary decision, whether made at a national, regional, local or individual level, it must be made in the most appropriate way. The absence of a multidisciplinary discussion and consensus, relying only on individual decisions to determine positioning from the outset, underestimates information gaps, inter-individual variability and the influence of drug promotion. It can be harmful and costly. To properly manage the introduction of new medicines, it is essential to establish their benefit scenario in a multidisciplinary way. This, together with consideration of the clinical benefit provided versus the appropriate alternatives and the uncertainties of the benefit, constitutes the objective of the clinical assessment and the basis for designing a well-focused economic analysis. This allows policy makers to make the most appropriate decisions on pricing and funding new treatments. In an ideal situation, the benefit scenario considered for the new medicine would coincide with the one established for funding, but costs that are difficult to bear may lead to restrictions and affect the final positioning after the economic and budgetary impact assessment.

[Translated article] Pharmacist access and training process for residency in Hospital Pharmacy in Argentina.

Hospital pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from 2 main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of hospital pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.

[Translated article] Implementation of a traceability and safe drug preparation system in a clean room.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of implementing a traceability and safe manufacturing system in the clean room of a pharmacy service to increase patient safety, in accordance with current legislation. METHODS: The process was carried out between September 2021 and July 2022. The software program integrated all the recommended stages of the manufacturing process outlined in the "Good Practices Guide for Medication Preparation in Pharmacy Services" (GBPP). The following sections were parameterised in the software program: personnel, facilities, equipment, starting materials, packaging materials, standardised work procedures, and quality controls. RESULTS: A total of 50 users, 4 elaboration areas and 113 equipments were included. 435 components were parameterized (195 raw materials and 240 pharmaceutical specialties), 54 packaging materials, 376 standardised work procedures (123 of them corresponding to sterile medicines and 253 to non-sterile medicines, of which 52 non-sterile were dangerous), in addition, 17 were high risk, 327 medium risk, and 32 low risk, and 13 quality controls. CONCLUSIONS: The computerization of the production process has allowed the implementation of a traceability and secure manufacturing system in a controlled environment in accordance with current legislation.

The role of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: Perspectives from Hospital Pharmacy. / El rol de la inteligencia artificial en la publicación científica: perspectivas desde la farmacia hospitalaria.

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on scientific writing, with a particular focus on its application in hospital pharmacy. It analyzes artificial intelligence tools that enhance information retrieval, literature analysis, writing quality, and manuscript drafting. Chatbots like Consensus, along with platforms such as Scite and SciSpace, enable precise searches in scientific databases, providing evidence-based responses and references. SciSpace facilitates the generation of comparative tables and the formulation of queries regarding studies, while ResearchRabbit maps the scientific literature to identify trends. Tools like DeepL and ProWritingAid improve writing quality by correcting grammatical, stylistic, and plagiarism errors. A.R.I.A. enhances reference management, and Jenny AI assists in overcoming writer's block. Python libraries such as LangChain enable advanced semantic searches and the creation of agents. Despite their benefits, artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns including biases, misinformation, and plagiarism. The importance of responsible use and critical review by experts is emphasized. In hospital pharmacy, artificial intelligence can enhance efficiency and precision in research and scientific communication. Pharmacists can use these tools to stay updated, enhance the quality of their publications, optimize information management, and facilitate clinical decision-making. In conclusion, artificial intelligence is a powerful tool for hospital pharmacy, provided it is used responsibly and ethically.

Telematic Interview in Telepharmacy: a comprehensive guide for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and and informed drug delivery. / [Artículo traducido] Entrevista telemática en telefarmacia: documento de consenso para el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y la entrega informada de medicamentos.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica, as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

Perceived quality of life by patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with biological therapies. SACVINFA study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate health-related quality of life perceived by patients with the most prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in Spain: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis (Ps), psoriatic arthritis (AP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), and to determine the factors that influence patient quality of life. METHODS: The SACVINFA study (SA=satisfaction, CV=quality of life, IN=immune-mediated, FA=pharmacy) consisted of an observational study conducted in 4 hospitals in the Community of Madrid. A cross-sectional analysis was made for adult patients diagnosed with an immune-mediated inflammatory disease who attended the Pharmacy Service. Quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) and specific questionnaires: SIBDQ-9, DLQI, PsAQoL, QoL-RA, and ASQoL. RESULTS: A total of 578 patients were analysed (inflammatory bowel disease=25.3%; psoriasis=19.7%; spondyloarthropathies=18.7%; rheumatoid arthritis=18.5%; psoriatic arthritis=17.8%). The mean age (standard deviation) was 49.8 (12.3) years and 50.7% were male. The average score (standard deviation) for the global EQ-5D-5L was 0.771 (0.2) and the mean (standard deviation) visual analogue scale score was 71.5 (20.0). Type of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases was associated with differences in quality of life showing psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease higher values of EQ5D-5L than psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondyloarthropathies, p<.05 in all comparisons. Patients with RA, IBD, and Ps achieved 70% of the maximum score, while patients with PsA and SpAs did not reach 50% of the maximum possible score. Female gender, a state of moderate/severe disease severity, an older age, and a higher number of previous treatments were correlated with worse quality of life. Conversely, persistence to current treatment correlated with better quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases have markedly affected quality of life, mainly in the pain/discomfort dimension, especially in those immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with a rheumatological component.

Prioritization of initiatives 2024-2027 of the strategic map of pharmaceutical outpatient care of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy. / Priorización de iniciativas 2024­2027 del mapa estratégico de atención farmacéutica al paciente externo de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria.

OBJECTIVE: To prioritize the initiatives to be developed for the development of the Strategic Map of Outpatient Care (MAPEX) project to improve the quality of care and Pharmaceutical Care for patients seen in Hospital Pharmacy outpatient clinics in the period 2024-2027 in Spain. METHOD: The study was carried out in 4 phases between January and December 2023. For phase 1, a literature review of the evolution of the project was carried out by the coordinating committee with the aim of establishing a basis on which to define a new proposal for initiatives. In addition, an analysis was made of the health trends that will have an impact in the coming years. In phase 2, a working group of 19 specialists from all the autonomous communities was created, who were called regional ambassadors. They all made a preliminary proposal of initiatives and established revisions for their adjustment and final version both online and in telematic meetings. In phase 3, a consensus was established based on the Delphi-Rand/UCLA methodology with two rounds of online voting to select the initiatives classified as: priority and key or breakthrough. Between the first and second round of voting, a face-to-face "Consensus Conference" was held, where the results of the first round were presented. In phase 4, a public presentation was made in scientific forums and through the web. RESULTS: Ten trends in the health sector were identified. A list of 34 initiatives grouped into five lines of work was established. A total of 103 panelists participated in the first round and 76 in the second. Finally, five initiatives were established as priority and 29 as key. Among those prioritized were external visibility, adaptations to the CMO methodology, strengthening certification and improving training. CONCLUSIONS: The initiatives agreed upon as priorities were aimed at improving professional visibility, broadening the methodology of care work, expanding the quality of care, enhancing the training of professionals and the voice of patients.

Pharmacist access and training process for residency in Hospital Pharmacy in Argentina. / Proceso para el acceso y formación del farmacéutico a la residencia en Farmacia Hospitalaria en Argentina.

Hospital Pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from two main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of Hospital Pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital Pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.

Implementation of a traceability system and safe manufacturing medications in a clean room. / Implantación de un sistema de trazabilidad y elaboración segura de medicamentos en la sala blanca.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of implementing a traceability and safe drug manufacturing system in the clean room of a Pharmacy Service to increase patient safety, in accordance with current legislation. METHODS: The process was carried out between September 2021 and July 2022. The software program integrated all the recommended stages of the manufacturing process outlined in the "Good Practices Guide for Medication Preparation in Pharmacy Services" (GBPP). The following sections were parameterized in the software program: personnel, facilities, equipment, starting materials, packaging materials, standardized work procedures, and quality controls. RESULTS: A total of 50 users, 4 elaboration areas and 113 equipments were included. 435 components were parameterized (195 raw materials and 240 pharmaceutical specialties), 54 packaging materials, 376 standardized work procedures (123 of them corresponding to sterile medicines and 253 to non-sterile medicines, of which 52 non-sterile were dangerous), in addition 17 were high risk, 327 medium risk, 32 low risk, and 13 quality controls. CONCLUSIONS: The computerization of the production process has allowed the implementation of a traceability and secure drug manufacturing system in a controlled environment in accordance with current legislation.

Telematic interview in telepharmacy: consensus document for farmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, "Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica," as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.