The healing effects of moderate exercise on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in male rats.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate exercise on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in male rats. Background: Gastric ulcers include benign mucosal and submucosal lesions of the gastric wall. Exercise regulates a wide range of physiological processes. Methods: 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=16 per group) as follows: control, which was left untreated after causing stomach ulcers; experimental group 1, the rats were first exercised and then received acetic acid; experimental group 2, the rats received acetic acid, and then exercised. The ulcer was caused by injecting 0.12 ml of a 60% acetic acid solution after 24 hours of not eating. The rats had a period of moderate treadmill activity either before or after the development of ulcers, lasting for a duration of 30 days. On the seventh and fourteenth days after the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, their stomach was removed, and the wound healing parameters, and wound depth were determined. Results: Exercise before and after inducing gastric ulcers significantly decreased the depth of gastric ulcers in the experimental groups. The average number of PMN in the control group decreased in comparison to the seventh and fourteenth days following the experiment. Conversely, the number of fibroblasts, epithelialization, and new vessels increased. It seems that exercise before the appearance of ulcers has a greater effect on gastric ulcers compared to exercise after inducing gastric ulcers. Conclusion: Exercise can prepare the gastric mucosa for forthcoming injuries, and heal gastric ulcers. Moderate aerobic exercise has significant restorative effects on gastric ulcers caused by acetic acid and is recommended.

The Gastroprotective Effect of Sicyos angulatus Against Hydrochloric Acid/Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer in Mice.

Gastritis and gastric ulcers are common gastric diseases that are caused by infection, drugs, alcohol consumption, or stress. These conditions lead to increased inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of leukocytes, which damage the stomach mucosa and exacerbate disease severity. Sicyos angulatus (SA), an annual vine in the Cucurbitaceae family, is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, but its efficacy for preventing gastritis and gastric ulcers has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of SA using a hydrochloric acid/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated KATO III cells. Macroscopic analysis revealed a reduction in gastric ulcer area. Similarly, histopathological analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in gastric mucosal injury, with significant improvement at 750 mg/kg of SA treatment. Gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecule were reduced in the SA-administered group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that SA significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration in the lamina propria and epithelium of the stomach. Kaempferol, a major bioactive flavonoid of SA, also improved gastric injury by reducing macroscopic and microscopic lesions, inflammatory mediator gene expression, and neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, both SA and kaempferol downregulated LPS-mediated increases in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following inhibition of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in KATO III cells. These results suggest that SA can ameliorate gastric mucosal injury by inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, and by suppressing p38 and JNK phosphorylation.

Chitosan/hesperidin nanoparticles formulation: a promising approach against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via Sirt1/FOXO1/PGC-1α/HO-1 pathway.

Hesperidin (Hes) protects different organs from damage by acting as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of free hesperidin and its chitosan nanoparticles (HNPs) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, hypothesizing that HNPs will enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy due to improved solubility and targeted delivery. HNPs were synthesized via ion gelation and characterized using TEM, SEM, and zeta potential analyses. Key assessments included gastric acidity, histological analysis, and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. HNPs significantly decreased gastric acidity, reduced inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities compared to free hesperidin and esomeprazole. Furthermore, Sirt-1, PGC-1α, HO-1, and FOXO1 gene expression were also evaluated. HNPs raised Sirt-1, PGC-1α, HO-1, and downregulated FOXO1, and they suppressed the activities of NF-κB p65, COX-2, IL-1ß, CD86, FOXO1 P53, and caspase-3 and increased Sirt-1 activity. HNPs treatment notably restored antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and improved histological outcomes more effectively than free hesperidin and esomeprazole. These results indicate that chitosan nanoparticles significantly enhance the gastroprotective effects of hesperidin against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, potentially offering a more effective therapeutic strategy. Further research should explore the clinical applications of HNPs in human subjects.

NSAID-induced Gastric Ulcer Disease: A Deleterious Connection.

Gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage have become a common public health problem, and several studies have established chronic NSAID usage to be one of the risk factors for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers in patients. This review includes numerous articles that link NSAID usage with peptic mucosal erosion, especially among patients under anticoagulant therapy or with other risk factors. Risk factors for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers are reviewed, in addition to pathogenesis, clinical signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatments. We also emphasize effective methods for the prevention and management of peptic ulcers among NSAID users. Such methods include the use of selective Cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors as an alternative to aspirin or other Cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) inhibitors, or using the lowest dosage possible in patients with other comorbidities. We have conducted a thorough review of the literature on diagnostic tests and alternative medication that can be used in the management of NSAID toxicity-induced ulcers.

Development of oral pH-sensitive redox nanotherapeutics for gastric ulcer therapy.

Gastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in an oxidative imbalance, has been reported as a central driving mechanism. Within the scope of this investigation, we developed two different self-assembling redox nanoparticles (RNPs) with ROS-scavenging features for the oral treatment of gastric ulcers. One of them, referred to as RNPN, disintegrates in response to acidic pH, whereas the other, denoted as RNPO, remains intact regardless of pH variations. Both types of RNPs showed different free radical scavenging activities in vitro. Protonation of the amino linkages in the side chains of RNPN caused the micelle structure to collapse and the nitroxide radicals encapsulated in the core were exposed to the outside, resulting in a significant increase in antioxidant capacity as the pH decreases. In contrast, RNPO maintained its spherical structure and consistent antioxidant reactivity irrespective of pH changes. The in vivo gastric retention of orally administered RNPN was significantly improved compared to that of RNPO which might be explained by the increased exposure of cationic protonating segments in RNPN on the negatively charged gastric mucosal surface. Owing to its improved gastric retention and enhanced ROS scavenging capacity under acidic pH conditions, RNPN exhibited superior protective effects against oxidative stress induced by aspirin in a gastric ulcer mouse model compared to RNPO. In addition, neither RNPN nor RNPO resulted in severe lethal effects or significant changes in the morphology of zebrafish embryos, indicating their biosafety. Our results suggest that the oral administration of RNPs has a high therapeutic potential for gastric ulcer treatment.

Probiotics as a Therapeutic Approach for Non-infectious Gastric Ulcer Management: a Comprehensive Review.

A gastric ulcer is a stomach lining or nearby intestine disruption caused by acid and pepsin. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and NSAIDs are the primary culprits behind stomach infections that can lead to gastric ulcers and other digestive disorders. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, stress, and exposure to cold environments can also contribute to non-infectious gastric ulcers. Various treatments are available for gastric ulcers, including antibiotics, anticholinergics, and antacids. However, potential concerns include antibiotic resistance, side effects, and treatment failure. Considering this, there is a need for an alternative approach to manage it. Fortunately, probiotics, typically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, show potential for healing gastric ulcers, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional treatments. A notable concern arises from applying probiotic bacteria stemming from the propensity of pathogenic bacteria to develop antimicrobial resistance in response to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, the use of yeast becomes more imperative due to its natural resistance to antibacterial antibiotics for antibacterial-treated patients. Probiotic bacteria and yeasts could heal gastric ulcers by regulating the immune response, reducing inflammation, and restoring the balance between defensive and aggressive factors of the gastric layer. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the benefits of probiotics and their potential as a therapeutic treatment for non-infectious gastric ulcers, along with other probiotic options. In particular, this review provides a succinct summary of multiple literature studies on probiotics, emphasising the distinctive properties of yeast probiotics, as well as their (bacteria and yeasts) application in the management of non-infectious gastric ulcers.

Anti-ulcerogenic Potential of Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri Extracts in Male ICR Mice Model of Ethanol-induced Gastric Ulcers.

Peptic ulcers (PU) are a breach in the mucosa of the digestive tract and are related to several factors including an altered immune system and an unbalanced diet. Current treatment carries to long-term complications; therefore, the use of medicinal plants is an alternative for several inflammatory diseases including ulcerative lesions. Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri, is a succulent plant and, has been used in traditional medicine against gastric ulcers, inflammation, and cancer among others. The main goal of this work was to analyze the anti-ulcerogenic potential of extracts from leaves of K. gastonis-bonnieri in an assay of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. An ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration from fresh leaves of K. gastonis-bonnieri, and fractions were obtained through bipartition and chemical fractioning. The chemical characterization of the extract was made through HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR. Total extract and fractions showed an anti-ulcerogenic effect in specimens of male ICR mice with a gastric ulcer index (UI) of 3.27-5.47. The recorded effect is attributed to the presence of terpenoid compounds such as ß-Amyrin acetate, which showed antioxidant properties and lessened formations of ulcers induced by ethanol administration in mice stomach.

Phytochemical Index and the Risk of Gastritis/Gastric Ulcer among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods have potential protective effects against various diseases, including gastric disorders. This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal association between phytochemical intake and the risk of gastritis/gastric ulcer in Korean adults. This was a prospective cohort study, a community-based cohort conducted as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, examining the association between phytochemical intake and the risk of gastritis/gastric ulcer in Korean adults. Dietary information was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the phytochemical index (PI) was calculated. The study included 7377 Korean men and women aged 40-69 years without gastritis/gastric ulcer at baseline of the Korea Association Resource study in Korea. The incidence of gastritis/gastric ulcer was determined using a survey questionnaire administered by trained staff. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval to determine the association between PI and risk of gastritis/gastric ulcer. During the median follow-up period of 9.50 years, 729 cases were reported. The fully adjusted model showed a significantly lower risk of gastritis/gastric ulcer in the highest PI quartile compared to the lowest (hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.98), and this association was linear (p for trend = 0.01). This research indicates that incorporating foods abundant in phytochemicals into one's diet could be associated with a reduced risk of developing gastritis/gastric ulcers. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the role of phytochemical-rich diets in gastrointestinal health, as demonstrated in this study.

Sequential bowel necrosis and large gastric ulcer in a patient with a ruptured femoral artery: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Severe bleeding as a result of a major vascular injury is a potentially fatal event commonly observed in the emergency department. Bowel necrosis and gastric ulcers secondary to ischemia are rare due to their rich blood supply. In this case, we present the case of a patient who was treated successfully following rupture of his femoral artery resulting in bowel necrosis and an unusually large gastric ulcer. CASE SUMMARY: A 28-year-old male patient sustained a knife stab wound to the right thigh, causing rupture of his femoral artery and leading to massive bleeding. He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and received a large blood transfusion. Abdominal surgeries confirmed bowel necrosis, and jejunostomy was performed. The necrotic intestine was removed, the remaining intestine was anastomosed, and the right thigh was amputated. After three surgeries, the patient's overall condition gradually improved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. However, one day after discharge, the patient was admitted again due to dizziness and melena, and a gastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant banded ulcer. After 2 weeks of treatment, the ulcer had decreased in size without bleeding. Six months after the last surgery, enterostomy and reintroduction surgery were completed. The patient was fitted with a right lower limb prosthesis one year after surgery. After 3 years of follow-up, the patient did not complain of discomfort. CONCLUSION: Trauma department physicians need to be aware of the possible serious complications involving the abdomen of trauma patients with massive bleeding.

Gastropericardial fistula as a late complication of Roux-en-Y procedure.

Pneumopericardium secondary to gastro-pericardial fistula is a rare complication associated with various surgical procedures and conditions, notably Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This condition poses a risk of cardiac tamponade and can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and managed. We present a case of a 62-year-old female with a history of gastric bypass who presented with nonspecific symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with pneumopericardium secondary to gastro-pericardial fistula. Despite efforts for timely intervention, including transfer to a facility with cardiothoracic surgery availability, the patient's unstable condition precluded surgical intervention, leading to her eventual demise. A literature review reveals that the average time from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery to presentation is nine years. The elusive nature of the presentation underscores the importance of a comprehensive clinical history in identifying this condition early. Awareness of gastro-pericardial fistula as a potential late complication of gastric bypass is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention to improve patient outcomes.

The protective effect of benfotiamine on gastric ulcers in male rats: an experimental study.

Gastric ulcers are a common gastrointestinal disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It can also increase the risk of gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of benfotiamine on experimentally-induced gastric ulcers in male rats. In this study, 30 Wistar male rats were divided randomly into six groups: control (normal), indomethacin, omeprazole, and treatment groups, including 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of benfotiamine. Gastric ulcer was induced by indomethacin gavage. Omeprazole and different therapeutic doses of benfotiamine were administered for three days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the rats were euthanized, and samples were collected.The results demonstrated that 100 and 200 mg/kg of benfotiamine treatment significantly improved indomethacin-induced gastric tissue damage. Moreover, benfotiamine at 100 and 200 mg/kg effectively attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and oxidative stress markers MDA and ROS while increasing the antioxidant GSH. These findings suggest that benfotiamine's gastroprotective effects are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help mitigate the tissue damage and inflammatory response associated with indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects and to evaluate the potential therapeutic application of benfotiamine in clinical settings.

Helicobacter pylori infection alters gastric microbiota structure and biological functions in patients with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Our preliminary studies have indicated that H. pylori infection had a significant impact on the mucosal microbiome structure in patients with gastric ulcer (GU) or duodenal ulcer (DU). AIM: To investigate the contributions of H. pylori infection and the mucosal microbiome to the pathogenesis and progression of ulcerative diseases. METHODS: Patients with H. pylori infection and either GU or DU, and healthy individuals without H. pylori infection were included. Gastric or duodenal mucosal samples was obtained and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. The compositions of the microbial communities and their metabolic functions in the mucosal tissues were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with that in the healthy individuals, the gastric mucosal microbiota in the H. pylori-positive patients with GU was dominated by H. pylori, with significantly reduced biodiversity. The intergroup differential functions, which were enriched in the H. pylori-positive GU patients, were all derived from H. pylori, particularly those concerning transfer RNA queuosine-modification and the synthesis of demethylmenaquinones or menaquinones. A significant enrichment of the uibE gene was detected in the synthesis pathway. There was no significant difference in microbial diversity between the H. pylori-positive DU patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection significantly alters the gastric microbiota structure, diversity, and biological functions, which may be important contributing factors for GU.

The Gastroprotective Effects of Anisomeles indica against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer through the Induction of IκB-α and the Inhibition of NF-κB Expression.

Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze is a traditional herb with multiple medicinal properties and with potential for preventing or treating various diseases. Acteoside, one of the active ingredients in A. indica, is prepared into commercially available products of A. indica HP813 powder. In this study, the gastroprotective effects of A. indica HP813 powder were evaluated. Wistar rats were treated with A. indica HP813 powder at doses of 0, 207.5, 415, and 830 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Then, gastric ulcers were induced by the oral administration of 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg body weight) on day 28. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the trial, and stomach tissues were collected. These stomach tissues were then used for macroscopic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results indicated that the area of gastric ulcer was 48.61%, 35.30%, and 27.16% in the ethanol-induced group, 415 mg/kg A. indica HP813 powder group, and 830 mg/kg A. indica HP813 powder group, respectively. In addition, the lesion scores were 2.9, 2.4, and 2.3 in the ethanol-induced group, 415 mg/kg A. indica HP813 powder group, and 830 mg/kg A. indica HP813 powder group, respectively. The immunochemical staining of the gastric tissue revealed that A. indica HP813 powder reduced the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB proteins in the gastric tissue, which had been induced by ethanol. Finally, A. indica HP813 powder protected the gastric ulcer from ethanol damage through IκB-α induction. The present results demonstrated that A. indica HP813 powder has protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

Management of NSAID-Induced Penetrating Gastric Ulcer Complicated by Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis: The Role of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects but can lead to serious gastrointes complications. This report illustrates the management of an NSAID-induced penetrating gastric ulcer with subsequent postoperative hemorrhagic cholecystitis. A 68-year-old female with chronic NSAID use presented with epigastric pain and was diagnosed with a penetrating gastric ulcer extending into the retroperitoneum. The surgical management required a shift from a minimally invasive robotic-assisted approach to an open procedure due to unexpected intraoperative findings. The postoperative period was notable for the development of hemorrhagic cholecystitis that was managed with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, highlighting the role of interventional radiology in complex postoperative care. NSAID use significantly increases gastrointestinal risks, leading to complications such as ulcers that may penetrate into adjacent structures, including the retroperitoneum. The management of penetrating gastric ulcers typically involves complex surgical procedures, highlighted in this scenario by the necessity for an antrectomy followed by a Billroth II reconstruction to address the extensive damage and restore gastrointestinal continuity, which is essential for patient recovery. In this case, the development of hemorrhagic cholecystitis postoperatively was effectively managed with a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain, demonstrating the importance of interventional radiology in managing postoperative complications and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This case report elucidates the management of NSAID-induced penetrating gastric ulcer that extended into the retroperitoneum, necessitating an antrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction. A gastric ulcer is generally classified as "large" if it exceeds 2 centimeters in diameter. These ulcers pose greater risks of complications such as perforation, penetration into adjacent organs, bleeding, and obstruction, necessitating more complex and comprehensive management strategies. The postoperative complication of hemorrhagic cholecystitis was effectively managed via interventional radiology, highlighting the critical role of minimally invasive techniques in addressing severe postoperative complications.

Gastroprotective mechanism of Talinum triangulare on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats via inflammatory, antioxidant, and H+/K+-ATPase inhibition-mediated pathways.

The increase in the incidence of gastric ulcer (GU) has posed major threat on public health. This research aimed to evaluate gastroprotective properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Talium triangulare (AETT) in ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. GU was induced via oral administration of single dose of 5 mLkg-1 of 90% ethanol in rats and protection of 200 mgkg-1 bw of AETT and 20 mgkg-1 bw of omeprazole was investigated for 14 d via oral treatment. Influence of AETT on anti-inflammatory, redox assays, ulcer index (UI), and gastric mucosa histological alterations were evaluated. Significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels compared to untreated group established gastric inflammation in rats induced by ethanol. Gastric ulcerated group exhibited heightened oxidative stress with concurrent decline in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Ethanol exposure to rats resulted in induction of lipid peroxidation, prominently elevating gastric malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Nevertheless, treatment with AETT or omeprazole exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory effects within gastric mucosa by attenuating expression of markers associated with inflammation. AETT demonstrated reduction in concentrations of MDA and H2O2, thereby alleviating progression of lipid peroxidation cascades. Also, AETT exhibited mitigating effect on ethanol-induced oxidative harm by enhancing the functionality of protective enzymes and elevating glutathione (GSH) concentration. Overall, AETT exhibited enhancements in activities of cytoprotective antioxidant enzymes, mitigated impact of oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and decreased UI score. These beneficial effects could be attributed to phytochemicals present in AETT including 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone and Phytol. Outcome of this study established the traditional herbal claims of AETT.

Carbohydrate digestion in the stomach of horses grazed on pasture, fed hay or hay and oats.

Concentrations of starch, mono- and disaccharides, fructans, hemicellulose and cellulose were analysed in feed and gastric digesta of horses in relation to acid insoluble ash as a marker indigestible in the stomach. Twenty-four horses were allocated to pasture 24 h/d (PST; n = 4), hay ad libitum (HAY; n = 8), hay ad lib. and oats at 1 g starch/kg body weight (BWT)/meal (OS1; n = 6) and hay ad lib. and oats at 2 g starch/kg BWT/meal (OS2; n = 5). One horse was excluded from the analysis. The horses were fed the ration a minimum of 34 days. Following euthanasia and dissection, digesta was sampled from Pars nonglandularis (PNG) and Pars glandularis (PG). Oat starch concentration in gastric digesta decreased from 309 to 174 g/kg dry matter (DM) in OS1 (44 %-reduction) and from 367 to 261 g/kg DM in OS2 (29 %-reduction) (P < 0.001). Glucose, fructose and sucrose disappeared from gastric digesta distinctly more in PST, HAY and OS1 than in OS2. In PST and HAY, sucrose concentration was completely cleared (P < 0.001). The concentration of fructans was reduced predominantly in PST (84 %-reduction) and HAY (54 %-reduction), mainly in the PNG (P < 0.05). Fructan degradation did not occur in the high-starch diet (OS2). Some evidence for fibre degradation was observed in PST (P < 0.01). Soluble carbohydrates disappear from the stomach dependent on the type of ration, which may lead to changes in the composition of the gastric microbial community and the endogenous response.

Rosuvastatin repurposing for prophylaxis against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulceration in rats: a biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural perspective.

Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is frequently associated with acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Rosuvastatin (RSV), a third-generation statin, has demonstrated certain biological functions beyond its lipid-lowering properties. This study is designed to explore the gastroprotective impact of RSV in a rat model of EtOH-induced gastric ulceration in a dose-dependent manner through the evaluation of oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, inflammatory myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in gastric tissues, along with histopathological examination of the gastric tissues. Therefore, 40 adult male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups as control, EtOH (gastric ulcer), RSV-low dose plus EtOH and RSV-high dose plus EtOH. The EtOH rat model of gastric ulceration was achieved by intragastric administration of a single dose of EtOH. Seven days before EtOH administration, rats were orally administered either omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) or RSV (10 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day). RSV administration enhanced the antioxidant glutathione reduced, countered oxidative malondialdehyde, augmented cytoprotective PGE2, suppressed inflammatory MPO enzyme activity in gastric tissues, decreased ulcer index scoring, increased the percentage of ulcer inhibition, and reversed the associated histological and ultrastructural abnormalities, additionally, RSV treatment resulted in weak positive nuclear staining for the inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that RSV demonstrates gastroprotective potential, attributable at least in part, to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to promote ulcer protection through the maintenance of mucosal content and PGE2 levels. Thus, RSV therapy emerges as a safe option for patients with gastric ulcers.

Lamivudine protects mice from gastric ulcer by activating PGK1 to suppress ferroptosis.

Gastric ulcer is a highly prevalent digestive tract disease across the world, which is recurrent and hard to cure, sometimes transforming into gastric cancer if left untreated, posing great threat to human health. To develop new medicines for gastric ulcer, we ran a series of screens with ethanol stress model in GES-1 cells, and we uncovered that lamivudine rescued cells from ethanol toxicity. Then, we confirmed this discovery using the well-established ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in mice and our findings suggest that lamivudine can directly activate phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1, EC 2.7.2.3), which binds and stimulates superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1, EC 1.15.1.1) to inhibit ferroptosis and ultimately improve gastric ulcer. Moreover, AAV-PGK1 exhibited comparable gastroprotective effects to lamivudine. The findings are expected to offer novel therapeutic strategies for gastric ulcer, encompassing both lamivudine and AAV-PGK1.

[Protective effect of Albizia chinensis saponin on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats focus on mucus and mucosal barriers].

This study aims to explore the protective effect of Albizia chinensis saponin on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats and elucidate its mechanisms. SD rats were deprived of water for 24 hours before the experiment. The control group and model group were administered water by gavage, and the positive drug group received rabeprazole sodium solution(40 mg·kg~(-1)) by gavage. The experimental groups were given different doses of Albizia chinensis saponin solution(3, 10, and 30 mg·kg~(-1)). After 30 minutes, the control group received 1.5 mL of water by gavage, while the other groups were administered an equal volume of 95% ethanol for modeling. After six hours, the rats were killed by cervical dislocation, and the stomachs were collected. The ulcer area was measured, and the ulcer index was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to assess histopathological changes in gastric tissue. Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining was used to evaluate the distribution of gastric mucosal surface mucus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the levels of phospholipids and aminohexose in the gastric mucosa. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of the bicarbonate transporter, matrix metalloproteinase, and tight junction-associated proteins in gastric tissue. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining was conducted to quantify the number of positive cells for secreted mucin and tight junction-associated proteins. The results showed that the gastric tissue surface of rats in the control group was smooth without ulceration, and the gastric ulcer index of rats in the model group was 35±11. Albizia chinensis saponin at doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg·kg~(-1) resulted in inhibition rates of gastric ulcer of 46%(P<0.01), 85%(P<0.001), and 100%(P<0.001), respectively. Severe disruption of gastric mucosal structure and absence of the mucus layer were observed in the model group. Compared with the model group, the Albizia chinensis saponin group showed intact gastric mucosal surface mucus layer, significantly increased levels of phospholipids and aminohexose in the mucus, increased number of MUC5AC positive cells, and upregulated expression levels of the bicarbonate transporter SLC26A3 and CFTR. It also showed decreased phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun, reduced expression levels of MMP-8, elevated expression of TIMP-1, and increased expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1. In conclusion, Albizia chinensis saponin enhances the function of the mucus-bicarbonate barrier by upregulating the content of MUC5AC, phospholipids, and aminohexose and increasing the expression levels of the bicarbonate transporter SLC26A3 and CFTR. Moreover, Albizia chinensis saponin exerts its protective effects on gastric ulcers by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway to prevent excessive activation of MMP-8, thereby reducing the degradation of Occludin and ZO-1 and enhancing the mucosal barrier function. In summary, Albizia chinensis saponin exerts its anti-gastric ulcer effects by simultaneously enhancing the mucus barrier and the mucosal barrier.

Extensive Cytomegalovirus Gastroduodenitis Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been extensively researched in immunocompromised people, causing conditions such as colitis, retinitis, esophagitis, encephalitis, and pneumonitis. However, there are limited data on how the disease presents itself in immunocompetent hosts, apart from a self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome. This case report presents CMV gastroenteritis causing gastroduodenal obstruction in an immunocompetent woman. It is important to consider CMV as a potential cause of various gastric pathologies in immunocompetent people. Further research is necessary to establish guidelines for diagnosing and treating this pathogen.