3Din vitromodeling of the exocrine pancreatic unit using tomographic volumetric bioprinting.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Initial lesions of PDAC develop within the exocrine pancreas' functional units, with tumor progression driven by interactions between PDAC and stromal cells. Effective therapies require anatomically and functionally relevantin vitrohuman models of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. We employed tomographic volumetric bioprinting, a novel biofabrication method, to create human fibroblast-laden constructs mimicking the tubuloacinar structures of the exocrine pancreas. Human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells overexpressing the KRAS oncogene (HPDE-KRAS) were seeded in the multiacinar cavity to replicate pathological tissue. HPDE cell growth and organization within the structure were assessed, demonstrating the formation of a thin epithelium covering the acini inner surfaces. Immunofluorescence assays showed significantly higher alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) vs. F-actin expression in fibroblasts co-cultured with cancerous versus wild-type HPDE cells. Additionally,α-SMA expression increased over time and was higher in fibroblasts closer to HPDE cells. Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 levels were quantified in supernatants from co-cultures of stromal and HPDE-KRAS cells. These findings align with inflamed tumor-associated myofibroblast behavior, serving as relevant biomarkers to monitor early disease progression and target drug efficacy. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a 3D bioprinted model of exocrine pancreas that recapitulates its true 3-dimensional microanatomy and shows tumor triggered inflammation.

Diagnosis of gastric mucosal choristoma of the tongue: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gastric mucosal choristoma of the tongue is an extremely rare benign tumor characterized by ectopic gastric mucosa in the tongue. Since first reported in 1927, only around 100 cases have been documented. Herein, we investigated an adult case of Gastric mucosal choristoma who was referred to an ENT clinic with a chief complaint of a solid tumor at the posterior portion of the tongue. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old female presented with a posterior tongue mass initially noticed years ago that progressed over months. A surgical excision was performed. Microscopic examination revealed a gastric mucosal choristoma, with glandular structures resembling gastric mucosa. The postoperative course was uneventful. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Lingual gastric choristoma is uncommon but deserves mention due to its rarity. The pathogenesis is unknown but likely represents developmental heterotopia. Clinically, lesions present as asymptomatic tongue nodules often mistaken for more common entities. Thus, histopathology is essential for diagnosis. Microscopy shows gastric mucosa with fundic glands, parietal cells, chief cells, and foveolar epithelium in tongue squamous epithelium. CONCLUSION: Gastric choristoma should be considered when evaluating tongue nodules to guide management. Increased awareness of this rare entity can enable accurate diagnosis and treatment. Complete surgical excision is curative with an excellent long-term prognosis. Further study of pathogenesis can elucidate optimal management.

Clinical characteristics of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract.

BACKGROUND: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. The clinical course of ATLL is very heterogeneous, and many organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, can be involved. However, there are few detailed reports on ATLL infiltration in the GI tract. We investigated the clinical characteristics of ATLL infiltration in the GI tract. METHODS: This retrospective observational single-center study included 40 consecutive ATLL patients who underwent GI endoscopy. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with ATLL who were diagnosed by histological examination were divided into two groups based on GI tract infiltration. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of skin lesions was significantly associated with GI infiltration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the infiltration group tended to have similar macroscopic lesions in the upper and lower GI tracts, such as diffuse type, tumor-forming type, and giant-fold type. CONCLUSIONS: GI endoscopy may be considered for ATLL patients without skin lesions.

A Case of Compound Nevus with Intradermal Pseudoglandular Features: A Rare Variant and Possible Pitfall.

Melanocytic nevi are frequent cutaneous lesions with a large variation of morphological features, including pseudoglandular formation, which has rarely been described in the literature and remains of uncertain biological and clinical significance. We report a case of benign compound melanocytic nevus, with a dermal component showing an epithelioid proliferation arranged in small nests with central lumen-like structures mimicking glands. Immunohistochemical staining was necessary to determine the exact nature of the proliferation, since the tubular differentiation can be seen in benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms and has to be clearly identified to avoid misdiagnosis.