Incidence and Factors Associated With Burnout Among Cardiac Anesthesiologists in India.

OBJECTIVE: Many previous surveys have demonstrated a high incidence of burnout among anesthesiologists. The current survey was designed to estimate the incidence and understand the factors associated with burnout among cardiac anesthesiologists in India. DESIGN: Members of the Indian Association of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anaesthesiologists (IACTA) were invited to participate. The survey consisted of two sections: the initial section collected demographic data, work patterns, and factors associated with burnout perception. The second part assessed emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (LPA) using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). SETTING: Web-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Members of IACTA. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: A high score on EE (≥27 and/or DP ≥10) identified those at high risk for burnout. A high risk of burnout in addition to LPA ≤33 was defined as burnout syndrome. Of the 2,262 IACTA members surveyed, 325 (14.35%) responded. Among them, 162 (49.8%) were classified as at high risk of burnout, and 91 (28%) met the criteria for burnout syndrome. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with a high risk of burnout, including <5 years of experience (odds ratio [OR] = 3.53), insufficient external support (OR = 2.87), limited personal time (OR = 1.96), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR = 3.61). Factors contributing to burnout syndrome were <5 years of experience (OR = 3.83), inadequate workplace colleague support (OR = 1.84), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: The burden of burnout syndrome is high among Indian anesthesiologists. Risk factors included younger age, inadequate workplace and external support, limited personal time, and contemplation of leaving cardiac anesthesia. There is a need for various stakeholders to be sensitized and institute necessary measures to reduce the burden and impact of burnout.

Optimal control strategies for energy storage systems for HUB substation considering multiple distribution networks.

With the global consensus to achieve carbon neutral goals, power systems are experiencing a rapid increase in renewable energy sources and energy storage systems (ESS). Especially, recent development of hub substations (HS/S) equipped with ESS, applicable for resolving site constraints if implemented as mobile transformers, is expanding the development of ESS-equipped facilities. However, these units require centralized control strategies considering variability within integrated networks. While studies on electric vehicle charging considering the variability of renewable energy or load are widely studied, ESS management scheme for individual substations requires further optimization, especially considering the state of distributed sources at lower levels and transmission system operators. Thus, in this study, an optimal control approach for ESS located at the connection point of transmission and distribution systems, including further consideration of the loss in distribution lines and the constraints of renewable energy sources is presented. This study attempts to derive proactive control strategies for ESS in HS/S to operate with various distribution networks. By establishing control priorities for each source through optimal operation strategy, a suitable capacity of ESS and its economic benefits for distribution network management can be examined. Validation of the current analysis results is performed by utilizing MATPOWER. By adapting the operational range of design scenarios, diverse distribution systems can be tested against multiple configurations of connected devices.

Beyond the ordinary: TNF-alpha inhibitor as a rescue therapy in relapsing Hughes-Stovin syndrome with intracardiac thrombosis-a case report and literature review.

Background: Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare vasculitis characterized by the association of thrombophlebitis with pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs). Because it is rarely reported, there are currently no established diagnostic criteria or standardized treatment guidelines for HSS. While conventional immunosuppressants are generally effective as first-line treatment, relapsing and refractory cases urge the need to investigate alternative therapies, such as TNF-alpha inhibitors. However, with only five cases published in the literature, knowledge of their efficacy in HSS is very limited. Case summary: A 28-year-old man, with no past medical history, presented with haemoptysis, chest pain, and dyspnoea on exertion. Physical examination found bilateral leg swelling, with no associated lesions. CT angiography showed multiple bilateral PAA, proximal pulmonary artery thrombosis (PAT), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the superior mesenteric vein and spleno-mesaraic confluence. Echocardiography was performed, identifying right intracardiac thrombosis (ICT). Initial management included high-dose corticosteroids and monthly cyclophosphamide cycles, followed by maintenance treatment with oral azathioprine. Eighteen months later, the patient presented with haemoptysis revealing a relapse of ICT and two new PAA. Infliximab was initiated, allowing complete and sustained remission after one year of follow-up. Discussion: We report the challenging case of an HSS patient presenting with multiple PAA, proximal PAT, right ICT, and extended abdominal DVT. The positive response of our patient to infliximab, following a relapse under conventional immunosuppressants, supports the efficacy of TNF-alpha inhibitors as second-line treatment in relapsing/refractory HSS.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of the Hospital for Special Surgery Anterior Cruciate Ligament Postoperative Satisfaction Survey.

PURPOSE: With over 140 million speakers spread across Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, Persian, also known as Farsi, is a pluri-centric language. The purpose of this study is to perform cross-cultural adaptation and examine the validity and reliability of the Persian translation of the Hospital for Special Surgery Anterior Cruciate Ligament Post-Operative Satisfaction Survey (HSS ACL-SS). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 102 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients were asked to complete the Persian version of the HSS ACL-SS, Tegner scale, Lysholm score, the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, the Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. Internal consistency was calculated via Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was assessed with the correlations of Spearman's rho. 18 patients were included in the test-retest reliability assessment. The floor and ceiling effects of the examined content validity of HSS ACL-SS. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed at 0.959, showing outstanding internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated excellent results (0.986, P-value < 0.001). Insignificant ceiling effects (2.9%) and floor effects (3.9%) were detected. The Persian version of the HSS ACL-SS score significantly correlated with the SANE (r = 0.730, p < 0.001), Lysholm score (r = 0.622, p < 0.001), and CKRS (r = 0.741, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The overall performance of the Persian HSS ACL-SS was more than excellent in terms of reliability and validity. To conclude, Persian HSS ACL-SS may be used to assist patients in having a better perception of post-operative satisfaction.

Formation of Oxides and Sulfides during the Welding Process of S700MC Steel by Using New Electrodes Wires.

To receive a high-quality welding structure of high-strength S700MC steel for applications in the automotive industry, newly developed electrode wires with increased silicon and manganese content were used. The strength and structural tests of the obtained joints were performed. In the weld, we identified the beneficial oxides strengthening the joint structure and unfavorable MnS inclusions. The non-metallic inclusions were formed inside the weld. Their arrangement, morphology, and chemical composition is described. A view on the high-temperature mechanisms of the formations included during the welding process with new electrode wires is presented. It was found that the dominant mechanism of the inclusion formation and the temperature of the welding process impact the content and varied morphology of inclusions, thus determining the exploitation time of the welded joints obtained. The obtained MAG joints made S700MC steel, due to the formation mainly of oxide inclusions and a relatively small amount of MnS phase, were characterized by a high value of yield and tensile strength, which makes them a promising solution for the automotive industry, especially against the background of connections from the discussed steel grade presented in the literature.

The Ghana heart initiative - a health system strengthening approach as index intervention model to solving Ghana's cardiovascular disease burden.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with 80% of these deaths occurring in low-middle income countries (LMICs). In Ghana and across Africa, CVDs have emerged as the leading causes of death primarily due to undetected and under treated hypertension, yet less than 5% of resources allocated to health in these resource-poor countries go into non-communicable diseases (NCD) including CVD prevention and management. Consequently, most countries in Africa do not have contextually appropriate and sustainable health system framework to prevent, detect and manage CVD to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in CVD care through improved Primary Health Care (PHC) with the aim of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in CVD/NCD. In view of this, the Ghana Heart Initiative (GHI) was envisaged as a national strategy to address the identified gaps using a health system and a population-based approach to reduce the national burden of CVDs. The GHI intervention includes the development of guidelines and training manuals; training, equipment support, establishment of a national call/support center, and improvement in the national data capturing system for CVDs and NCD, management of Hypertension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Heart Failure (HF). Following the implementation of the GHI concept, a national CVD Management Guideline was developed and 300-health facilities across the different levels of care including one teaching hospital, was also supported with basic life-saving equipment. In addition, more than 1,500 healthcare workers also reported improvement in their knowledge and skills in the management and treatment of CVD-related cases in their health facilities. These are key contributions to strengthening the health system for CVD care and learning lessons for scale up.

Pulmonary embolism versus pulmonary vasculitis in Hughes-Stovin syndrome: Characteristic computed tomography pulmonary angiographic findings and diagnostic and therapeutic implications. HSS International Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare systemic vasculitis with widespread venous/arterial thrombosis and pulmonary vasculitis. Distinguishing between pulmonary embolism (PE) and in-situ thrombosis in the early stages of HSS is challenging. The aim of the study is to compare clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) characteristics in patients diagnosed with PE versus those with HSS. METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 HSS patients with complete CTPA studies available, previously published by the HSS study group, and 50 patients diagnosed with PE from a single center. Demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, vascular thrombotic events, were compared between both groups. The CTPA findings were reviewed, with emphasis on the distribution, adherence to the mural wall, pulmonary infarction, ground glass opacification, and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) in HSS were assessed and classified. RESULTS: The mean age of HSS patients was 35 ± 12.3 years, in PE 58.4 ± 17 (p < 0.0001). Among PE 39(78 %) had co-morbidities, among HSS none. In contrast to PE, in HSS both major venous and arterial thrombotic events are seen.. Various patterns of PAAs were observed in the HSS group, which were entirely absent in PE. Parenchymal hemorrhage was also more frequent in HSS compared to PE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Major vascular thrombosis with arterial aneurysms formation are characteristic of HSS. PE typically appear loosely-adherent and mobile whereas "in-situ thrombosis" seen in HSS is tightly-adherent to the mural wall. Mural wall enhancement and PAAs are distinctive pulmonary findings in HSS. The latter findings have significant therapeutic ramifications.

When to Do Selective Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Decision-Making Algorithm Based on Pre-operative and Intra-operative Findings.

Background: Persistent anterior knee pain post total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a significant cause of patient dissatisfaction. Selective patellar resurfacing is commonly practiced for primary total knee replacement (TKR) but there is a paucity in literature regarding its decision making. Study Objective: This study aims to develop a decision-making algorithm for selective patellar resurfacing using Hospital for Special Surgery Patello-femoral Assessment score (HSS PFA score), weight-bearing patellofemoral X-ray, and intraoperative cartilage wear assessment based on the Outerbridge classification. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 65 patients, assessing preoperative factors including HSS PFA score and Baldini view radiography. Intraoperative cartilage wear was categorized using the Outerbridge classification. Preoperative findings were correlated with intraoperative outcomes through statistical analysis, leading to the development of a predictive algorithm. The efficiency of algorithm was assessed at 3-year follow-up using HSS PFA score. Results: A significant negative correlation (r = - 0.272, p = 0.029) was observed between HSS PFA score and cartilage wear. However, no significant relationships were established between HSS PFA score and Baldini view observations, including radiological tilt (p = 0.517) and displacement (p = 0.277). Intraoperative cartilage wear versus patellar tilt (p = 0.65) and displacement (p = 0.837) also yielded non-significant results. Three-year follow-up examinations revealed no complications and significant HSS PFA score improvements in all patients. Conclusion: The requirement for patellar resurfacing can be predicted using a combination of preoperative parameter such as HSS PFA score and the intra-operative cartilage wear. We put forward an algorithm based on above findings to aid in the decision making.

Charles L Christian: Model Physician Scientist and Mentor.

Dr Charles L Christian arrived in New York City in 1953, having grown up in Wichita, Kansas, and graduating from medical school at Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio. In New York, Dr Christian embarked on training in internal medicine at Columbia's Presbyterian Hospital where he met an individual who would shape the course of his career, Dr Charles Ragan, a founder of the Arthritis Foundation. Dr Christian, or Chuck as he was usually called, went on to shape the developing field of rheumatology, advancing understanding of our most complex diseases as an investigator, master clinician, mentor, and academic leader. During an era when the cellular and humoral features of the immune system were just coming into focus, Chuck performed laboratory experiments with precision and creativity to achieve new understanding of 3 significant diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis. Review of his publications from the 1950s and 1960s provides a window into a time when figures were hand drawn and papers often had a single author. While the tools of technology that we rely on today were not available to Chuck, his insights have had a sustained impact on how we understand and treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases. His talents and his dedication to patients, colleagues, science, and medicine supported a lifetime of remarkable contributions.

Improving data use in trachomatous trichiasis programmes: operationalisation of the TT Tracker.

Trachoma is a disease of the eye and the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Years of repeated infections can cause in-turning of the lashes so that they rub against the eyeball, causing pain, discomfort and, if left untreated, blindness. This is known as trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and can be remedied by surgery. To improve oversight and reporting of TT outreach, Sightsavers developed a mobile phone application called the TT Tracker so that TT surgeons, assistants and supervisors can collect and analyse information about surgical outcomes and performance and determine when and where follow-up appointments are required. The TT Tracker is being used by seven national programmes. Examples of use and programme improvements from Nigeria, Benin and Senegal are discussed here.

Sulfonic acid functionalized ß zeolite as efficient bifunctional solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose.

Introduction of the sulfonic acid group into H-ß zeolite to prepare ß-SO3H bifunctional catalysts for the efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose. Catalysts characterization, such as XRD, ICP-OES, SEM (Mapping), FTIR, XPS, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, NH3-TPD, Py-FTIR demonstrate the sulfonic acid group was successfully grafted onto the ß zeolite. A superior HMF yield (59.4 %) and cellulose conversion (89.4 %) was obtained in the H2O(NaCl)/THF biphasic system under 200 °C for 3 h with ß-SO3H(3) zeolite as catalyst. More valuable, ß-SO3H(3) zeolite converts other sugars and obtains ideal HMF yield, including fructose (95.5 %), glucose (86.5 %), sucrose (76.8 %), maltose (71.5 %), cellobiose (67.0 %), starch (68.1 %), glucan (64.4 %) and also converts plant material (25.1 % for moso bamboo and 18.7 % for wheat straw) with great HMF yield. ß-SO3H(3) zeolite catalyst keeps an appreciable recyclability after 5 cycles. Moreover, in the presence of ß-SO3H(3) zeolite catalyst, the by-products during the production of HMF from cellulose were detected, and the possible conversion pathway of cellulose to HMF was proposed. The ß-SO3H bifunctional catalyst has excellent potential for the biorefinery of high value platform compound from carbohydrates.

Risk of burnout and depression: A survey of veterinary anaesthesia specialists in-training during COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk, risk factors and effects on adherence to adequate clinical standards, of burnout and depression in veterinary anaesthesia residents. STUDY DESIGN: Closed online cross-sectional survey study. STUDY POPULATION: A sample of 89 residents registered to the European and/or the American Colleges of Veterinary An (ae)sthesia and Analgesia out of a total of 185. METHODS: A link to access an online questionnaire, which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), the Harvard National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS) and 28 questions developed to assess adherence to adequate clinical standards, was sent by email to 185 residents. The three components of the MBI-HSS namely emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were analysed separately. Analysis of proportions and two-step regression statistical modelling were used for data analysis, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The response rate was 48%. Based on HANDS and MBI-HSS scores, 49% of the residents were at high risk of both depression and burnout. These residents expressed greater concern of delivering inadequate animal care (p < 0.001), of decreased quality of supervision during COVID-19 (p = 0.038) and of negative impact of the pandemic on their training programme (p = 0.002) than residents at low-to-moderate risk. Working in a clinical environment for ≥ 60 hours/week was a risk factor for both depression (p = 0.016) and EE (p = 0.022), while female sex was a risk factor for EE only (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A large proportion of residents is at high risk of depression and burnout, a scenario likely worsened by the pandemic. The findings of this study suggest that reducing the clinical workload and increasing the level of support and supervision may help to improve residents' mental health.

Exploring expectations of Chinese patients for total knee arthroplasty: once the medicine is taken, the symptoms vanish.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative expectations of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes are important determinants of patient satisfaction. However, expectations of patients in different countries are affected by cultural background. The general goal of this study was to describe Chinese TKA patients' expectations. METHODS: Patients scheduled for TKA were recruited in a quantitative study(n = 198). The Hospital for Special Surgery Total Knee Replacement Expectations Survey Questionnaire was used for survey TKA patients' expectations. Descriptive phenomenological design was used for the qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 TKA patients. Colaizzi's method was used for interview data analysis. RESULTS: The mean expectation score of Chinese TKA patients was 89.17 points. The 4 highest score items were walk short distance, remove the need for walker, relieve pain and make knee or leg straight. The 2 lowest score items were employed for monetary reimbursement and sexual activity. Five main themes and 12 sub-themes emerged from the interview data, including multiple factors raised expectations, expectations of physical comfort, expect various activities back to normal, hope for a long joint lifespan, and expect a better mood. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese TKA patients reported a relatively high level of expectations, and differences across cultures result in different expectation points than other national populations, requiring adjustment of items when using assessment tools across cultures. Strategies for expectation management should be further developed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Investigation of zeolite H-ß effect on pyrolysis of polystyrene by multiple kinetic analysis methods.

For studying the effects of H-ß zeolite on the pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS), non-isothermal thermogravimetric measurements were conducted in N2 under 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. The results show that the addition of 10 ~ 30 wt.% H-ß zeolite can significantly decrease the initial pyrolysis temperature of PS, indicative of the catalytic effect of zeolite used. Through kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of PS blends, the isoconversional activation energies are calculated to be 121.8 ~ 191.9, 92.1 ~ 173.8, and 116.7 ~ 192.4 kJ/mol for the PS blends with zeolite loading of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%, respectively. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis degradation functions are determined through the Master-plots method integrated with a recently developed compensation-effect method to follow chemical reaction mechanism with the reaction order of 0.9, 1.0, and 0.6 for PS/zeolite blends of 10, 20, and 30 wt.% loading, and their pre-exponential factors are respectively calculated to be 6.18 × 108 ~ 5.71 × 1011, 2.36 × 106 ~ 9.23 × 1011, and 8.38 × 107 ~ 1.11 × 1012 min-1. Our work may provide some insights for how to better describe experimental results with theoretical predications and necessary information for performing any potential pyrolysis designs.

Clinical impact of a new method using a clear proctoscope to evaluate the therapeutic effect of sclerotherapy with aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) for internal hemorrhoids: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Hemorrhoids are a common benign disorder that can require surgery for treatment. Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) have been used as a sclerotherapy agent that induces noninvasive sclerosis and regression of hemorrhoids without surgery. However, there is no objective index for determining its effectiveness. In this study, we prospectively investigated the usefulness of our method as an objective indicator of the effectiveness of ALTA sclerotherapy. Methods: From April 2015 to April 2019, 241 patients underwent ALTA sclerotherapy. We standardized a simple evaluation method using the lumen of the lower rectum as observed through a clear plastic proctoscope. Patients' hemorrhoids were evaluated preoperatively and their subjective satisfaction with treatment by our new method was evaluated on postoperative day 7. Results: Our method showed that among patients who lost the rectal lumen before treatment, the lumen was reacquired after ALTA sclerotherapy in 96.1% (224/233). McNemar test showed the effect of ALTA sclerotherapy to be significantly associated with lumen gain [κ value, 0.0027; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0001-0.0052], P<0.001]. Patients' subjective satisfaction with the treatment was significantly higher in the group reacquiring the lumen (Fisher's exact test, P=0.0186). Among those patients needing re-treatment, 59.4% (19/32) had lost their lumen during follow-up [mean difference, 0.578; standard deviation (SD): 0.502, P<0.001]. Conclusions: Our simple method using a clear plastic proctoscope could objectively indicate the effect of ALTA sclerotherapy and patients who needed re-treatment on losing their lumen during follow-up. We believe this method is highly advantageous for patients, can advocate the concept of the hemorrhoid shrinking sign, and will contribute to the development of new indication criteria for ALTA sclerotherapy.

The Desired Oxford Knee Score Obtained Before Total Knee Arthroplasty is Predictive of the Postoperative Oxford Knee Score: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between patient expectations and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to test the influence of desired knee function on postoperative perceived knee function 1 year after TKA. METHODS: A total of 102 patients undergoing primary TKA were available for data analyses. Preoperatively, patients completed the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) twice, one representing preoperative function (preoperative OKS); the second representing desired function after TKA (desired OKS). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity score, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Replacement Expectations Survey (HSS-KRES), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and EuroQol-visual analogue scales were obtained preoperatively. One year after surgery, all surveys besides the UCLA activity score and HSS-KRES were repeated. The associations between postoperative OKS and WOMAC versus desired OKS and HSS-KRES were assessed using multivariable linear regression models, wherein linear regression coefficients represent the additive effect on the mean postoperative PROM. RESULTS: The desired OKS was independently associated with the postoperative OKS (linear regression coefficient = 0.43; P = .011), that is, each point increase in desired OKS yielded a 0.43 increase in postoperative OKS. The preoperative OKS showed no association with postoperative PROMs. Desired OKS was correlated with postoperative WOMAC (coefficient = -0.67; P = .014). The HSS-KRES was not associated with the postoperative OKS (coefficient = -0.005; P = .965) or WOMAC (coefficient = 0.18; P = .288). CONCLUSION: In TKA patients, higher preoperative desired function predict greater postoperative PROMs. Effects of preoperative expectations on outcomes are independent of patient demographics or preoperative function.

Why do master's students of humanities and social sciences publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals? A qualitative study based on Grounded Theory.

In China, master's students in humanities and social sciences (HSS) are becoming the main target of Chinese-language predatory journals. Existing research has not paid enough attention to why these students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This research interviewed 30 HSS master's students with different majors using semi-structured interviews and Grounded Theory to analyze the data; it found that research discrimination, research context, self-awareness, and individual demand are the main reasons why students publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals. This study provides the following suggestions in an effort to solve the problem of Chinese-language predatory journals. First, the Chinese government should draw up a blacklist of Chinese-language predatory journals. Second, the research evaluation departments of Chinese universities and research institutions should evaluate the research results of HSS master's students based on this list. Third, Chinese universities or scientific research institutions should strengthen the training of HSS master tutors and increase their awareness of Chinese-language predatory journals. And finally, Chinese HSS master's students should be taught about the hazards of Chinese-language predatory journals in research integrity and ethics courses, and refuse to publish papers in Chinese-language predatory journals.

Analysis of Therapeutic Decisions for Infantile Hemangiomas: A Prospective Study Comparing the Hemangioma Severity Scale with the Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score.

BACKGROUND: In view of the high incidence of infantile hemangioma (IH) in infants and young children, a comprehensive and reasonable evaluation scale for referral is urgently needed. This study compared the influence of the Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS) and the Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score (IHReS) on treatment decisions for infantile hemangioma patients. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish a reliable and effective evaluation method for referral. METHODS: This was a prospective study to determine whether treatment was needed for IH patients after evaluation with the HSS and IHReS. RESULTS: A total of 266 consecutive referred IH patients were evaluated for the risk of IH, and the treatment rate was 80.8%. The area under the curve (AUC) of the subject receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of treatment decision making after referral by the HSS was 0.703 (95% CI: 0.634-0.772), and after referral by the IHReS was 0.892 (95% CI: 0.824-0.960). LIMITATIONS: This was a single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: For decisions regarding the treatment of IH patients, the IHReS has a higher efficiency and sensitivity than the HSS. However, the specificity of the IHReS is lower than that of the HSS.

Obtaining EQ-5D-3L utility index from the health status scale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM-HSS) based on a mapping study.

BACKGROUND: Almost all traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) quality of life measures are non-preference-based measures (non-PBMs), which do not provide utilities for cost-utility analysis in pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Whereas the mapping has become a new instrument to obtain utilities, which builds a bridge between non-PBMs and PBMs. PURPOSE: To develop mapping algorithms from the health status scale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM-HSS) onto the three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). METHODS: The cross-sectional data were collected by questionnaire survey from a tertiary hospital visit population and community residents in China, and randomly divided into training and validation set by 2:1. Based on the training set, direct and indirect mapping methods (7 regression methods and 4 model specifications) were conducted to establish alternative models, which were comprehensively evaluated based on the validation set by mean absolute error, root mean square error, and Spearman correlation coefficient between predicted and observed values. Based on the whole sample, the preferred mapping algorithm was developed. RESULTS: A total of 639 samples were included, with an average age of 45.24 years and 61.66% of respondents were female. The mean EQ-5D-3L index was 0.9225 [SD = 0.1458], and the mean TCM-HSS index was 3.4144 [SD = 3.1154]. The final mapping algorithm was a two-part regression model including the TCM-HSS subscales, interaction terms, and demographic covariates (age and gender). The prediction performance was good. The mean error was 0.0003, the mean absolute error was 0.0566, the root mean square error was 0.1039, and 83.10% of the prediction errors were within 0.1; the Spearman correlation coefficient between predicted and observed EQ-5D-3L values was 0.6479. CONCLUSION: It is the first study to develop a mapping algorithm between the TCM-HSS and EQ-5D-3L, which demonstrates excellent prediction accuracy and estimates utility value for economic evaluation from TCM quality of life measures.